SHAPE FACTOR CALCULATION AND VISUALIZATION FOR THE INFLUENCE OF THE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE HUMAN BODY

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1 Eihth Intrntionl IPS onrn Einhovn, Nthrlns uust 11-14, 23 SHPE FTOR LULTION N VISULIZTION FOR THE INFLUENE OF THE THERML ENVIRONMENT ON THE HUMN OY Mski Mn 1, Hitoshi Ymzki 2, Koji Ski 1 1 Oit Univrsity, 7, n-no-hru, Oit, , Jpn 2 Knto Gkuin Univrsity, knzw-ku, Yokohm, , Jpn STRT Th purpos o this ppr is to xplin th inoor thrml rition nvironmnt o th humn oy in til. Usin 3- humn oy mol, shp lultions twn humn oy n surrounins r xut. First, th shp twn th humn oy n h sur o th room is lult. Th humn oy is pl in th ntr o th room. Th shp rsults r visuliz y VRML. Gnrt VRML ims init th inlun o thrml rition, whih th humn oy rivs rom th room surs. Son, th shp twn th humn oy n surrounins (th room surs n som popl) is lult. Som "popl inlun" on th sujt's humn oy is shown. n th shp vrition with oy position in th room is shown in til. INTROUTION Th humn oy lwys rivs thrml rition rom th nvironmnt. Usully, howvr, h oy prt rivs irnt mount o thrml rition. In orr to msur this inoor thrml rition, it is nssry to lult shp s twn h rtion o th humn oy n h surrounin sur. In prvious stuis, shp s or th whol oy wr otin y photorphy (Fnr, 197), or y numril mthos (Olsn, 1989, Tn, 2, Mn, 22). In this ppr w rport th vlopmnt o prorm or ths shp lultions. Fiur 1 Virtul u n lultion point Sin th numr o ri lls is th shp ury, it is nssry to hoos suitl numr o ivisions. W opt 9 ivisions o h ui. EFFETIVE RITION RE Th tiv rition r is lult rom th shp twn h rtion o th humn oy n h surrounin sur. Th humn oy is viw s onsistin o n rtions, in n nlosur onsistin o m surs. F ij is th shp twn sur i o th oy with r i, n surrounin sur j. prt o th oy onsists o rtions n1 to n2. Th ollowin qutions rprsnt th tiv rition r n prt o th tiv rition r P. SHPE FTOR ULTION SI ULTION PROEURE Thr r svrl lultion mthos to otin ths shp s. Th Hmi-u lorithm (ohn, 1985) is on o th typil mthos o lultin shp. Th lorithm uss th hmi-u, ut w hv opt lultion mtho usin virtul u (Mn, 21). Th shp lultion prour is outlin s ollows. (1) Eh o th u, xpt th ottom, is ivi into smll ri lls. (2) lult th shp twn rtion o th ntr o th ottom u n h ll (Ymzki, 1983). (3) Pl virtul u on lultion point (Fiur 1). (4) Exut prsptiv projtion o humn oy on h ui (xpt or th ottom ). (5) Th totl shp or h ll ontinin th rwn prsptiv prous th shp o th humn oy. SHPE FTOR OF WLLS Shp F hk twn oy n surrounin sur k is lult rom th ollowin qution usin th tiv rition r. Thror, th shp F pk twn surrounin sur n humn oy prt p is rprsnt y th ollowin qution

2 Tl 1 Etiv rition r (Uppr: oy r [m 2 ], Lowr: tiv rition r ) Fiur 2 Stnin nu n loth mols (1)Stnin Nu (2)Stnin loth (3)St Nu (4)St loth (5) Wlkin1 Nu (6) Wlkin2 Nu () oy () H () Trunk (ront) () Trunk (k) (E) rm (riht) (lt) (riht) (lt) (F) L (riht) 7.85 (lt) 7.82 (riht) 7.87 (lt) 7.87 Fiur 3 St nu n loth mols FFETIVE RITION RE OF HUMN OY Shp lultions twn humn oy n surs o nlosur hv n prorm, n th tiv rition r o humn oy otin. Fiur 2 shows th stnin nu n loth oy mol. Fiur 3 shows th st nu n loth oy mol. Fiur 4 shows two wlkin nu oy mols. Ths iurs hv olor orrsponin prts. oy prts r h, trunk, hns n ls. Tl 1 summrizs th lultion rsults n shows th tiv rition r n o th oy n prts. Tl 1 o (1) - (6) is th oy mol typ n tl 1 o () - (F) is th oy n oy prts. Eh ll o tl 1 onsists o two vlus: oy r (uppr) n tiv rition r (lowr). In (1) - (4) lin, lls o oy prts (E) n (F) hv vlus or hn or l, us o thir symmtril shp. ut In (5) - (6) lin, lls o oy prts (E) n (F) r riht n lt. Fiur 4 Two wlkin nu mols EFFETIVE RITION RE LULTION HUMN OEY MOEL Th ross-stionl shp o stnin nu oy (youn oy, hiht 167 m, wiht 6 k) ws msur. Gnrtin trinls twn msurmnt stions, th 3 soli nu humn oy mol ws rt. lso, msurin th stnin oy in usinss suit, th 3 loth humn oy mol ws rt. Th 3 stnin nu oy mol onsists o 2972 trinls, n th 3 stnin loth oy mol hs th sm numr o trinls. Rottin joints o th 3 stnin oy usin th oy t nrtion prorm, th othr 3 postur mols wr rt. Th rt our postur mols r: stnin nu, stnin loth, st nu n st loth. Th othr rt two mols r wlkin oy mols: on mol is innin to wlk (movin l) n th othr mol is wlkin (movin trunk). Ths vlus o lls init tht irnt posturs hv irnt vlus. Th tiv rition r o th nu oy is rom lr to smll in th orr o th st oy, stnin oy n wlkin oy. n loth ois r in th sm orr. us oy postur hs shit to mor opn stt rom mor ompt stt, th oy is mor sily inlun y thrml rition. SHPE FTOR ISTRIUTION MP OF HUMN OY Shp simultions twn humn oy n room surs r xut n th rsults r visuliz or th purpos o unrstnin th tils o th inlun o th thrml rition nvironmnt on th humn oy. humn oy ws pl t th ntr on th loor, n th shp twn th oy n room sur ws lult. Th sujt humn oy is th stnin nu, n th room siz (WH) is 1x9x3 [m]. Th simultion mol is shown in Fiur

3 Fiur 5 Room n sujt position Shp simultion rsults r visuliz usin VRML (Virtul Rlity Molin Lnu). Shp lultions or h room sur r xprss with ry sl o th humn oy's trinls. Th shp istriution mps with smoothin rprsnttion r shown in Fiurs 6 throuh 9. Th sh on th humn oy inits th shp vlu. Shp orrspons to lk - whit in Fiurs 6 n 7, n in Fiurs 8 n 9, th shp. -.5 orrspons to lk - whit. Sh o ths iurs xprsss th strnth o thrml rition riv rom th room. Fiur 6 is th loor shp istriution mp, Fiur 7 is th ilin on, Fiur 8 is th ront wll on, n Fiur 9 is th riht wll on. Ths iurs lrly monstrt tht th shp hns rtly with humn oy prt. Fiur 6 shp istriution mp Fiur 7 ilin shp istriution mp SE OF PEOPLE IN ROOM onsir lssroom with som popl in th room. In this s, popl who xist in sujt's surrounins t th sujt's thrml rition nvironmnt. Morovr, thrml rition to th sujt rom h room sur is intrrupt y th surrounin ois. In orr to nlyz suh thrml nvironmnt, simultion is xut usin 3 humn oy mol. oy mol is pl in th ntr o th loor, n som popl r rrn in th room roun th sujt. Th shp twn th sujt's humn oy mol n th surrounins is trmin y simultion. Th siz o th room us or this lultion is th sm s in Fiur 5. Simultions r xut or 4 ss: room oupi y 1 prson, room oupi y 9 popl, room oupi y 25 popl, n room oupi y 49 popl. In ll ss, th numr inlus th sujt. ll humn ois r th sm. Fiur 1 is th room pln oupi y th 9 popl, n Fiur 11 is th nrt VRML im in3 o th 9 popl stnin in th room. Fiurs r or th 25 prson s, n Fiurs 14 n 15 r or th 49 prson s. In ition, Fiur 16 is th VRML im o th st 49 prson s. Th shp twn th oy o th sujt pl in th ntr o th room n h sur o th room is lult or ths svrl ss. Fiur 8 wll shp istriution mp Fiur 9 Riht wll shp istriution mp

4 Fiur 1 Pln o room oupi y 9 popl Fiur 11 Room oupi y 9 popl Fiur 12 Pln o room oupi y 25 popl Fiur 13 Room oupi y 25 popl Fiur 14 Pln o room oupi y 49 popl Simultions wr xut or th stnin nu oy n th st nu oy. Ths rsults r shown in Fiurs Fiur 17 is th s o th stnin sujt in th ntr o th room. Fiur 18 is th st sujt. Ths iurs show th shp twn th oy n h sur o th room, n twn h prt o th oy n h sur o th room. Th vrtil xis is shp, n th horizontl xis is oy prts, whrin [oy] mns whol oy, [H] mns h, [] mns ront trunk, [-Trunk] mns k trunk, [R-rm] mns riht rm, [L-rm] mns lt rm, [R-L] mns riht l, n [L-L] mns lt l. For xmpl, in Fiur 17 th shp twn th riht l n th loor is.51. Fiur 15 Room oupi y 49 popl Fiur 16 Room oupi y 49 st popl

5 Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / lin k Riht Lt Shp Ftor / St, Nu / lin k Riht Lt oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 17 Shp / Stnin-1 Fiur 18 Shp / St Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / 8 lin k Riht Lt Othrs Shp Ftor / St, Nu / 8 lin k Riht Lt Othrs oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 19 Shp / Stnin-9 Fiur 2 Shp / St oy Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / 24 H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 21 Shp / Stnin-25 Shp Ftor / Stnin, Nu / 48 lin k Riht Lt Othrs lin k Riht Lt Othrs oy Shp Ftor / St, Nu / 24 H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 22 Shp / St-25 Shp Ftor / St, Nu / 48 lin k Riht Lt Othrs lin k Riht Lt Othrs oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 23 Shp / Stnin-49 oy H -Trunk R-rm L-rm R-L L-L Fiur 24 Shp / St

6 Fiur 25 Shp istriution mp o 48 othrs Fiur 27 Room n popl positions SHPE FTOR N OY POSITION In orr to unrstn th thrml rition nvironmnt o th room oupi y 49 popl, th shp lultion is prorm. This simultion ims t otinin th irn in thrml rition nvironmnt with oy position. Fiur 27 shows th room pln oupi y 49 popl. Shp s twn th sujt n th surrounins tht r th room surs n th popl, xpt or th sujt, r lult. Eh sujt position is init y - n -. For xmpl, oy is pl t - o Fiur 27, n th shp twn th oy n loor is - in th3 rph o Fiur 28. Fiur 26 Shp istriution mp o 48 othrs Ths iurs init th strnth o thrml rition rom h sur o th room to h prt o th oy. omprin th stnin n th st s, th st oy hs somwht lrr loor shp thn th stnin. Fiur 19 is th s o th room oupi y 9 popl (.1 prsons/m 2 ). Th sujt is stnin in th ntr o th room. In this iur, [othrs] in th introutory nots mn humn ois xpt th sujt. Th shp s twn th oy n th othr ois r.3 (stnin) n.2 (st). Fiur 21 is th s o th room oupi y 25 popl (.28 prsons/m 2 ) n th shp s twn th oy n th othr ois r.12 (stnin) n.11 (st). This shp is smllr thn th shp t or twn th trunk or th rm n th othr ois. Fiur 23 is th s o th room oupi y 49 popl. s th nsity o popl riss (.54 prsons/m 2 ), th shp twn th oy n th othr ois inrss. Th oy shp s r (stnin) n.27 (st). Fiur 25 is th shp istriution mp o 48 othr popl on th humn oy sur. Fiur 26 is th sm shp istriution mp or th st sujt. Th olor o th sur, whih hs turn to th ilin n th loor in th humn oy portion, is rk. This inits tht this shp is smllr thn th othr rtions. In Fiurs 28 n 29, in spit o oy position, thr is no lr irn in th shp twn th oy n th loor. In th stnin s, th rn o vlus o shp is out.29 to 3. In th st s, s ompr with th stnin s, shp is lrr y out.3. In Fiurs 3 n 31, th shp twn th oy n th ilin oms smll t th ornr o th oy. In th stnin s, it is out.8 smllr thn th shp t th ntr o room. Thr r w irns o shp twn th stnin oy n th st oy. In Fiurs 32 n 33 th shp twn th oy n th ront wll rss rpily whn th sujt os rom th ront wll to th k wll. Thr r w irns in shp twn th stnin oy n th st oy. Th shp o th stnin oy is.3 t - (ntr) n.19 t -. In Fiurs 34 n 35, th k wll s is opposit th ront wll s. In Fiurs 36 n 37, th shp twn th oy n th riht wll is smll, sin th sujt stys wy th wll. In Fiurs 38 n 39, th shp twn th oy n th riht wll is.26 (stnin) n.25 (st) t -. In Fiurs 4 n 41, th shp twn th sujt n th othrs is lr t th ntr o th room, n smll t th ornr o th room. Ths shpr s (stnin) r.11 t -, t -,.1 t - n.27 t -. Th stnin s nrlly hs shp lrr thn th st s

7 .4.4 shp Stnin, Nu / shp St, Nu / Fiur 28 shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 29 shp s in th room (St) shp ilin Stnin, Nu / shp ilin St, Nu / Fiur 3 ilin shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 31 ilin shp s in th room (St) shp wll Stnin, Nu / shp wll St, Nu / Fiur 32 wll shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 33 wll shp s in th room (St) shp k wll Stnin, Nu / shp k wll St, Nu / Fiur 34 k wll shp s in th room (Stnin) Fiur 35 k wll shp s in th room (St)

8 shp Riht wll Stnin, Nu / 48 Fiur 36 Riht wll shp s in th room (Stnin) shp Riht wll St, Nu / 48 Fiur 37 Riht wll shp s in th room (St) shp Lt wll Stnin, Nu / 48 Fiur 38 Lt wll shp s in th room (Stnin) shp Lt wll St, Nu / 48 Fiur 39 Lt wll shp s in th room (St) shp Othr prsons Stnin, Nu / shp Othr prsons St, Nu / Fiur 4 Othr prsons shp s in th room (Stnin) ONLUSION In orr to unrstn th inoor thrml rition nvironmnt in til, th shp simultion is xut. Shp s r lult y th mtho shown in this ppr. Th lultion rsult is visuliz y VRML. Th shp istriution mp, whih inits th inlun o thrml rition rom th surrounins to th humn oy, is xprss s shin on th 3 humn oy mol. Th simultion is xut or situtions whr th room is oupi y vrious numrs o popl, n th inlun o thrml rition rom th othrs on th sujt is prsnt. In th s o th room oupi y 49 popl, th shp twn th sujt in th ntr o th room n th othrs is. Morovr, th simultion inits th irn in thrml rition nvironmnt pnin on oy position in th room. Fiur 41 Othr prsons shp s in th room (St) REFERENES ohn,f n Grnr,P, Th Hmi-u Riosity Solution or omplx Environmnts, SIGRPH85. Fnr, P.O.,t l., 197. Rition t or th Humn oy, SHRE Trns., Vol.76-II. Mn,M., t l. 22. Shp Ftor Simultion twn Humn oy n Room Usin Sn Lin, Th 1th IEE. Mn,M, t l., 21. ylihtin Simultion o Jpns rhittur Usin ll Sky Mol, uilin Simultion 21. Olsn,.W, t l., Mthos or Msurin n Evlutin th Thrml Rition in Room, SHRE Trns., Vol.95-II. Tn,S., t l. 2, Etiv rition r o humn oy lult y numril simultion, Enry n uilins 32. Ymzki,H., Shp Ftor lultion n omputr Grphis. Th 4th Intrntionl Symposium on th Us o omputrs or Environmntl Eninrin Rlt uilins