Michael Kontopoulos. Machines and Mechanisms for Art and D.I.Y. Machine Project, 2010

Transcription

1 Michael Kontopoulos Machines and Mechanisms for Art and D.I.Y. Machine Project, 2010

2 WHAT WE LL COVER: -Simple Machines -Machine Elements (Gears, etc.) -Compound Machines -Linkages -Automata -Artists who make machines

3 What s with the keynote? I thought we were gonna do stuff...

4 So...Who are you people?

5 CONCEPTIONS OF MACHINES Industrial, Functional Mechanically extended man VS. Creative, Critical

6 Input Output

7 TRANSFORMATION OF FORCE / ENERGY -Internal Combustion -Steam Engine -Stirling Engine

8 YES YES YES YES YES YES Is a computer a machine? It has no moving parts... It does no work (physics)

9 Evolution of Transistors -> ->

10 Vannevar Bush THE MEMEX A mechanical approach to computing and data.

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12 The domestication of machines linked to an image of prosperity and perceived happiness

13 Machines in the abstract.

14 NON-TRADITIONAL MATERIALS Bernie Lubell (Interactive Wooden Machines)

15 NON-TRADITIONAL MATERIALS Theo Jansen (Organic Motion, Creatures) CLIP

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17 AUTO-DESTRUCTIVE MACHINES Jean Tinguely (Abstraction in Machine Thinking) CLIP

18 AUTO-DESTRUCTIVE MACHINES M. Kontopoulos Machines that Almost Fall Over CLIP

19 GADGETS / MUSICAL / WEARABLES Maywa Denki ( The Nonsense Machines )

20 CHALLENGING USEFULNESS Rube Goldberg (Absurdist Mechanisms)

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22 Ok... Now some serious stuff.

23 MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE The factor by which a mechanism multiplies FORCE or TORQUE applied to it.

24 TORQUE The tendency of a force to turn an object about an axis. And, a terrible movie >

25 Torque depends on 3 factors: 1. Length of the lever arm 2. Force applied 3. Angle between lever and axis.

26 SIMPLE MACHINES. Back to High School! Except it won t suck this time... And less math...

27 LEVERS

28 F1 x D1 = F2 x D2 F1 = 100kg D1 = 1ft F2 = 5kg D2 = 20ft 100 x 1 = 5 x 20 They balance!

29 First Class Lever Second Class Lever Third Class Lever

30 WHEEL AND AXLE

31 Ubiquitous Water-Bucket Example

32 (T)MA = ROUTER / RINNER OR = 2ft TMA = 24in / 6in = 4 IR = 6 inches

33 YOU ARE A MACHINE

34 La Mettrie L Homme Machine One of the earliest to propose the metaphor of man as machine. French Physician and Philosopher Cartesian Dualism, The Enlightenment, Materialism

35 Arms, Legs, Fingers and Toes are all types of Levers. LINK

36 BLOCK AND TACKLE

37 Anatomy of a Block

38 (T)MA = # of Segments from Moving Block TMA = 1 TMA = 2 TMA = 4

39 Block and Tackle Configurations * TMA =

40 GEARS

41 Some Gear Terminology A GEAR TRAIN Follower Idler Gears Driver

42 Some Gear Terminology (cont) COMPOUND Gear Train Follower Driver

43 DRIVER FOLLOWER GEARED UP Larger driver and smaller follower. Increase in speed, but not torque. GEARED DOWN Smaller driver and larger follower. Decrease in speed, but increased torque. DRIVER FOLLOWER

44 Backlash: A certain amount of play built in. So things move smoothly. Slop: Too much backlash. Friction: Insufficient backlash.

45 Pitch Diameter

46 (T)MA = # Teeth in Follower / # Teeth in Driver or Follower : Driver Follower = 24 Driver = 8 TMA = 3/1 = 3 Reverse Them: One turn of the DRIVER moves the FOLLOWER 1/3 of the way around (or 120 ) One turn of the DRIVER moves the FOLLOWER around 3 times.

47 Gear Ratio: Single Gear Train Ratio = 24/40 = 3/5 or 3:5

48 Gear Ratio: Compound Gear Train Multiply the gear ratios. TMA = F1/D1 x F2/D2 D2 F2 D1 F1 Ratio = 24/40 x 24/40 = 3/5 x 3/5 = 9/25

49 GEAR LAB.

50 CHARLIE CHAPLAN MODERN TIMES v=avnqif89pek&feature=related GREGORY WITT MICROSCOPE microscope.html

51 Antikythera Mechanism

52 Orrery

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54 Astronomical Clocks Prague

55 Buying Gears Online: What to look for Pressure Angle: The angle at which pressure is handed off to the next gear in the train or 20 (usually 20) Pitch Diameter: The imaginary circle where two gears mesh. Number of Teeth in the gear. Pitch: The # of Teeth divided by the Pitch Diameter. IN ORDER FOR GEARS TO MESH PROPERLY, THEY MUST HAVE THE SAME PRESSURE ANGLE AND PITCH. From the McMaster Carr catalog: These gears will fit together, b/c they have the same pitch (16) and a Pressure Angle of 20.

56 Calculating Pitch Online Gear Template

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