CONTENTS. Opening Lecture Page. M. Lindmayer, M. Schubert Current limitation by high temperature 1 superconductors and by conducting polymers

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1 CONTENTS Opening Lecture Page M. Lindmayer, M. Schubert Current limitation by high temperature 1 superconductors and by conducting polymers Session I: Coordination with electrical systems H. Schau, D. Stade Requirements to be met by protection and switching 15 devices from the arcing protection point of view O. Bottauscio, G. Crotti, G. Farina Numerical analysis of electrical contacts of control 23 devices protected by fuses H. Bessei, H. Klockhaus, HRC fuses - major design components for low voltage 30 K.-H. Krefter, B. Müller distribution systems J. M. Ackermann Fundamental principles of current limiting fuses 39 protecting molded case circuit breakers Session II: Coordination with electrical systems J. Schönau, F. Noack, R. Brocke Coordination of fuses and overvoltage protection 45 devices in low-voltage mains E. Hnatiuc, Em. Furnica, P. Leonte Possibilities for the extension of use of electrical fuse 53 in fault current limiter devices D. Arato, G. Cantarella U. Haas Advance in short-circuit co-ordination of contactor and 59 motor starters with fuses Thermal system protection of switchgear through high 66 voltage fuse links with integrated temperature limiter under consideration of I EC 420:1990 Session III: Low voltage fuses, high voltage fuses, new types V. R. Smart, M. H. Sheng, Some factors influencing breaking performance of high 71 S. S. Douglas voltage fuse cut-outs Wang Ji-mei D. Brechtken, D. König A. D. Wolny, A. D. Stokes New concept in design of drop-out type fuse with 77 replaceable sand-filled fuse-element and vacuum switch combination High voltage hybrid fuse - a new concept for the full 82 range protection A HV varistor assisted fuse 90 N. Kanakis, J. Mentel, M. Schumann, Innovative fuse-link of high-breaking capacity with high 97 J. Schein, H. Ter, A. Kunde mechanical stability

2 Session IV: Design, testing, standards R. Wilkins Simple improved circuit model for fuse breaking tests 105 A. Hirose, T. Umeda, H. Matsuzaki Breaking test requ miniature fuse-links X. Z. Meng, J. G. J. Sloot, A reliability study of miniature fuses 115 P. van Rietschoten, H. Rijanto J. Scheele Blade-fuse-links 122 D. A. Hallerberg North american standards for low-voltage fuses 127 Session V: Mathematical modelling D. A. Beaujean, P. G. Newberry, Modelling fuse elements using a C.A.D. software 133 M. G. Jayne package A. Baraboi, M. Adam, P. Leonte Modelling of circuit breaking at the fuses working 143 G. A. Cividjian, A. G. Cividjian, Mathematical modelling of thermal processes in 150 N. G. Cividjian vacuum fuses H. Kürschner, A. Ehrhardt, Calculation of prearcing times using the finite element 156 G. Nutsch, I. Harrison, A. Boerner, method T. Mickley L. Fernandez, C. Canas, J. Llobell, A model for pre-arcing behaviour simulation of H.V. 162 J. Curiel, J. Aspas, F. Ruz, full-range fuse-links using the finite element method F. Cavalle Session VI: Semiconductor protection R. D. Harrison, I. Harrison, Thin film fuse link 169 A. F. Howe T. Lipski, M. Pikon A comparison of current interruption by sand Si0 2 and 176 sand Si0 2 / gas SF 6 fuses X. Z. Meng, J. G. J. Sloot, Ageing mechanism of fuses for semiconductor 180 H. U. Haas protection A. Wilkinson, R. Wilkins, Voltage rating of fuses for the protection of 188 B. Al-Baharna regenerative DC drivers Session VII: Materials and manufacturing methods A. Avila R., A. Juarez T., Interrupting performance of power expulsion fuses 193 C. Pozos P. renewed C. Garrido, J. Cidras Study of different materials as fuse element 201 B. Fröchte Bonding in fuse industry 207 F. Haberey, M. Heek, M. Wendt Microcrimping of fuse-elements and terminations of 213 sub-miniature-fuse links

3 Session VIII: Fuse operation K. Cwidak, T. Lipski New results on the post-arc fulgurite resistance of 219 H.B.C. fuses K. Jakubiuk, K. Cwidak An analytical model of post-arc fulgurite resistance of 223 H.B.C. fuses S. Duong, C. Schaeffer, Distribution of high-frequency currents through the 229 R. Deshayes, J. L. Gelet elements of a fuse S. Aral, S. Hamada Experimental investigation of capillary arc phenomena 236 J. C. Gomez, P. M. McEwan Experimental investigation of wall-stabilised arc 243 mechanisms of wires in fuse filler L. Cheim, A. F. Howe Spectroscopic measurement of fuse arc temperature 251 P. Bezborodko, J. Fauconneau, Experimental set up for spectroscopic measurements 259 R. Pellet of plasma arcs in fuses A. Ehrhardt, W. Rother, The dielectric reignition of electric fuses at small 265 K. Schumann, G. Nutsch overcurrents K. Jakubiuk Two-stage mechanism of striated disintegration of 273 fuse-wire

4 INDEX OF AUTHORS Page No. Page No. Ackermann, J. M. Adam, M. Al-Baharna, B. Arai, S. Arato, D. Aspas, J. Avila, R. A. Baraboi, A. Beaujean, D. A. Bessei, H. Bezborodko, P. Boerner, A. Bottauscio, O. Brechtken, D. Brocke, R. Canas, C. Cantarella, G. Cavalle, F. Cheim, L. Cidras, J. Cividjian, A. G. Cividjian, G. A. Cividjian, N. G. Crotti, G. Curiel, J. Cwidak, K. Deshayes, R. Douglas, S. S. Duong, S. Ehrhardt, A. Farina, G. Fauconneau, J. Fernandez, L. Fröchte, B. Furnica, Em. Garrido, C. Gelet, J. L. Gomez, J. C. Haas, H. U. Haberey, F. Hallerberg, D. A. Hamada, S. Harrison, I. Harrison, R. D. Heek, M. Hirose, A. Hnatiuc, E. Howe, A. F. Jakubiuk, K. Jayne, M. G. 39 Ji-mei, Wang Juarez, A. T Kanakis, N Klockhaus, H König, D Krefter, K.-H. 30 Kürschner, H Kunde, A Leonte, P. 53, Lindmayer, M Lipski, T. 176, Llobell, J Matsuzaki, H. 109 McEwan, P. M Meng, X. Z. 115, Mentel, J Mickley, T Müller, B Newbery, P. G Noack, F Nutsch, G. 156, Pellet, R ,223 Pikon, M. 176 Pozos, C. P Rijanto, H Rother, W. 265 Ruz, F , 265 Schaeffer, C Schau, H Scheele, J Schein, J Schönau,J Schubert, M. 1 Schumann, K Schumann, M Sheng, M. H Sloot, J. G. J. 115,180 Smart, V. R ,180 Stade, D Stokes, A. D Ter, H , Umeda, T van Rietschoten, P ,251 Wendt, M. 213 Wilkins, R. 105, ,273 Wilkinson, A Wolny, A. D. 90

5 OPENING LECTURE

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