As an example of the type of analyses included

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1 2. COMPONENT DETALS 2.1 Drillstring Options Figure 2 indictes the two configurtions of the drillstrings under study; nd Tble 1 provides the mjor dimensions for these strings designed to drill 311 mm (12-1/4 in) borehole to 4 km depth. t is suggested tht use be mde of drilling string connections or couplings bsed on the new ntegrl Joint Connections (JC) premium csing designs (Klementich et l. 1993). Tble 1. Drillstring pipe sizes selected for study; () Dul-wll, (b) multi flow pth. () DUAL-WALL DRLLSTRNG Quntity Outer Pipe nner Pipe Outer Di.: (in.) 9-5/8 Wll Thickness: (in.) Unit Mss: Steel Are: (sq in.) 20.9 Totl String Mss: 1.5 X lb, (b) MULTPLE FLOW PATH DRLLSTRNG Quntity Outer Pipe nner Pipe Outer Di.: (in.) Wll Thickness: (in.) Unit Mss: 39.0 Steel Are: (sq in.) Totl String Mss: 6.5 X lb, 2-7/ Note: Hi Press Tubes re 1.0 in. OD Std, with 20 KS Rting. As n exmple of the type of nlyses included within this study, Figure 3 shows the clcultion results for the potentil optimiztion of dul-wll drillstring, with outer pipe dimeter of 200 mm (9-5/8 in), for nitrogen (ir) drilling. The dshed curves of bottom hole pressure vs flow rte indicte the flow necessry to lift cuttings nd some inflow of Fig. 3. Optimiztion nlysis for dul-wll drillstring; nitrogen flow - pressure drop necessry to clen hole. wter nd re prmeterized for vrious inner pipe dimeters. The trde-off of reduced pressure on the reservoir nd flow volume (compressor cpcity nd cost) nd the pressure requirements to clen nd unlod the hole re illustrted. t seems tht n optimum dimeter for the reverse circultion pipe D is between 50 nd 75 mm. Further nlyses for these multi-flow-pth strings should be undertken, especilly therml nd het trnsfer simultions for the MultiCon system reltive to cooling of BHA nd provisions for specil downhole sensors. Further study of use of tretment fluids in the nnulus would be very desirble. 2.2 Percussion Hmmer Drills There hve been innovtive hmmer development projects in Austrli, Cnd, Chin, Germny, Jpn, Russi, nd recently, two in the USA of interest for potentil ppliction to the AGDS design. The two in the USA re illustrted in Figures 4 nd 5. An ir (nitrogen) tool (Bui 1995)hs the vluble fetures of downhole indexing nd cn therefore be steered or "nvigted". Hydrulic hmmers of new, innovtive designs re under development by NOVATEK, nc. (Pixton nd

HYDRAULC PERCUSSON HAMMER Design Gols Preliminry Specifictions TEM APPROX. VALUE Fig. 4. Steerble percussion ir hmmer with downhole indexing (Smith nt'l., nc.).

2 141 connector sub steering tool telemetry module -Exhust fbw pssgewy collr - Stbilizer Bent ngle 2.3 m (7 ft) nd rottionl motion NOTE: Shnk tor Fig. 5. Hydrulic geotherml hmmer with prllel flow nd high power fetures (Novtek Rotting 216 mm in.) Di. Tble 2. Hydrulic Percussion Hmmer Specifictions nd Fetures. HYDRAULC PERCUSSON HAMMER Design Gols Preliminry Specifictions TEM APPROX. VALUE Fig. 4. Steerble percussion ir hmmer with downhole indexing (Smith nt'l., nc.). Hll 1995) with tools of 216 mm (8-1/2 in) nd 311 mm (12-1 in), the ltter specificlly designed nd developed for high-temperture, geotherml drilling pplictions; Figure 5. Tble 2 is summry of the desirble fetures nd the estimted performnce chrcteristics for the AGDS hmmer Bit Di.: TC (Cutter) Di.: No. of T C Stroke Energy: Tool Length Tool Di.: Tool Mss: Tool Bit Life: Source: A. Sperber (1994) ** Men Time Between Filures 311 mm (12 1/4 in) 10 to 12 mm 2 to 4 KJ 2m 197 mm 700 hours

3 DESRABLE FEATURES OF Unique Nitrogen Source PERCUSSON HAMMER Opertion Vrible mpct Frequency Prllel By-Pss Flow Self Strting Vlve Anti-Clogging & Self-Clening Few Moving Prts No Sels Use with HEAVY Mud Operting Depth to 4 km 400 C Temperture Rting The use of nitrogen, in plce of ir, hs severl dvntges for geotherml drilling. The primry benefit the gret reduction in corrosion, very if the gol of drilling is to be effectively chieved. Figures 8 nd 9 give the lyout of new nitrogen source, where the nitrogen derived from the exhust mnifold of diesel engine. Figure 9 gives the performnce of severl models of this source (Bugh 1994). 2.3 Other BHA Components The sketch in Figure 6 shows the conceptul design for the BHA proposed for the AGDS BHA. t will be necessry, for exmple, to hve thruster (often termed "bumper sub") to control the force on the percussion tools. One such design concept shown in Figure 7. This design needs to be developed for both hydrulic nd ir (nitrogen) service. f t - i TO Fig. 6. Conceptul design for BHA elements. Fig. 7. Conceptul design of thruster.

4 3. CONCLUSONS 143 The pst two yers hve seen the formtion of 'design tem' tht hs provided serious critique, input, literture, nd mny helpful contcts. The concepts for the AGDS system hve progressed to more mture stte, nd is on the verge of fesibility design. Commercil sources for some of the elements suitble to be pplied nd reserch nd development projects, for the needed percussion hmmers especilly, re underwy. The potentil sponsors for ny further AGDS development hve s yet not been identified. But it seems tht continued volunteer effort might offer progress tht cn be of interest to potentil funding sources. Perhps n evlution of the vrious subcomponents cn be sustined s they ech might hve more immedite use in current drilling projects. 0 t 34 0 Fig. 9. Nitrogen source performnce chrcteristics. 5. REFERENCES Bugh, B.F. (1994) Service Rdoil Tool Co., Corporte Brochure, Houston, H.D. (1995) "Steerble Percussion Air-Drilling System", Smith nt'l., nc., Corporte Report, April, 25 pp. 13. Fig. 8. Diesel exhust nitrogen source unit (Bugs 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthors thnk the other members of our AGDS 'design tem' for their continued interest, feedbck, nd mny useful reviews of vrious spects of this AGDS concept. Severl commercil firms hve grciously supplied performnce informtion for their equipment or components. Of prticulr vlue hs been the shring of R D results nd plns for the percussion hmmer projects. Klementich, E.F.,Morey, S.C., Pyne, M.L., W.T., Bouche, K.J.K. (1993) "Development nd Acceptnce Testing of Flush Joint Csing Connection with mproved Properties", SPE No , 68 ATCE, October, Houston, TX USA, Drilling Vol. pp (1994) Corporte Brochure, Telejet Technologies, nc., Dlls, USA. Pixton, D.S.nd Hll, D.R.(1995) "Development of New Genertion, Mud-Driven Hmmer System", Nt'l. Advnced Drilling nd Excvtion Technologies News, Vol. 3, No. 1, September, pp 5.

5 Rowley, J.C.(1993) "Geotherml Drilling: History nd Technology mprovements", Proc. 15th New Zelnd Geoth. Workshop, Aucklnd, NZ, November, pp Advnced GeothermlDrilling System:Component Options nd Limittions", Drilling Tech. Symposium, PD-Vol 65, Jnury, Houston, Rowley, J.C. (1994) "Design Concept for An Advnced Geotherml System", Drilling Tech. Symposium Proc., PD-Vol. 55, Jnury, New Orlens, LA USA, pp Rowley, J.C.,Sito, S. nd Long, R.(1995) "An Rowley, J.C., Sito, S. nd Long, R. (1995) "An Advnced GeothermlDrilling System", Proceedings World Geotherml Congress 1995, My, Florence, tly, Sperber, A. (1994) Personl communiction.

RESEARCHES ON THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE WAVE COMPRESSOR ON THE INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE SUPERCHARGED ENGINES

Bulletin of the Trnsilvni University of Brşov Vol. 8 (57) No. 1-2015 Series I: Engineering Sciences RESEARCHES ON THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE WAVE COMPRESSOR ON THE INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE AT THE SUPERCHARGED