ts-ih-,l-lh- >kj[k.m flfoy lsok eq[; ijh{kk v/;;u lkexzh iw.kzr% la'kksfèkr,oa v ru

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1 ts-ih-,l-lh- >kj[k.m flfoy lsok eq[; ijh{kk v/;;u lkexzh iw.kzr% la'kksfèkr,oa v ru Hkkjrh; lafoèkku] jktuhfr,oa yksd ç'kklu ç ui= & IV Prepared by

2 PUBLISHED BY Allahabad (U.P.), India Mobile : subscriptiondevelopindia@gmail.com Website : Edition : 2019 Aims We conduct Study Material Programme, All India Correspondence Courses, Test Series Programmes for various competitive exams. All things prepared by our expert faculties. Our aims to provide quality of comprehensive materials in a single place at your home according to your requirement. Notes Prepared by All study notes of DEVELOP INDIA GROUP prepared by our expert team and revised time to time. We have published these notes with carefully, but we can t take gaurantee for human as well as printing mistakes. If you want to give your feedback you can write us subscriptiondevelopindia@gmail.com Terms & Conditions If you want to buy any kind of study materials/previous year question papers, you can contact us. Privacy Policy & Copywrite All matter compile in this notes from various sources believed to be reliable. We published very carefully to this matter, its authors can not take guarantee the occuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither Media nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions or damage arising out of use of this information. No part of this notes may be reproduce or transemitted without the written permission of the All right reserved. Refund is not available. Note : All disputes will respect to this publication shall be subject to jurisdiction of the courts, tribunals and forums of Allahabad, India. CORPORATE OFFICE Media Allahabad (U.P.); India Mobile : s : subscriptiondevelopindia@gmail.com, developindiamediagroup@gmail.com Website : 2

3 Hkkjrh; lafoèkku] jktuhfrd,oa yksd ç'kklu Hkkjrh; lafoèkku,sfrgkfld vkèkkj] fodkl] fo"ks krk,a] la'kksèku] egùoiw.kz çkoèkku vksj cqfu;knh lajpuk Hkkjrh; lafoèkku,sfrgkfld vkèkkj Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk fuekz.k vusd,sfrgkfld?kvukvksa ij fuhkzj FkkA fczfv'k dky ds nksjku fodflr y{k.kks a us lafoèkku fuekz.k dh i`"bhkwfe fufezr dha ;s y{k.k fueufyf[kr gsa % jsx;qysfvax,sdv] 1773 bl,sdv ds rgr lalnh; fu;a=.k dk vkjehk gqvka caxky dk xouzj] xouzj tujy cuk fn;k x;ka bl izdkj okjsu gsflvax~l izfke xouzj tujy cuka enzkl vksj cecbz izslhmsalh caxky ds vèkhu gks xbza blus Hkkjr es a dsanzhñr 'kklu iz.kkyh dk vkjehk fd;ka dydùkk es a,d mppre U;k;ky; dk izkoèkku fd;k x;ka blds izfke eq[; U;k;kèkh'k lj,fytkg beis cusa fiv~l bafm;k,sdv] 1784 bl vfèkfu;e dks jsx;qysfvax,sdv dh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, ikfjr fd;k x;ka blds }kjk Hkkjrh; ekeyksa dks fczfv'k ljdkj ds izr;{k fu;a=.k es a dj fn;k x;ka deiuh ds 'kkldh; fudk; vfkkzr~ funs'kd eamy ds Åij Ng lnl;h; ^fu;a=d eamy* dk xbu fd;k x;ka Hkkjr ea=h] foùk ea=h] pkj izhoh dkmaflyj lnl;ksa dks Hkkjrh; ekeyksa dk vk;qdr cuk;k x;ka fiv~l,sdv dh O;oLFkk 1857 rd pyrh jgha 1813 dk pkvzj,sdv deiuh ds Hkkjr esa O;kikfjd,dkfèkdkj ¼pk; dks NksM+dj½ dks lekir dj fn;k x;k vksj fczfv'k fuokfl;ksa dks Hkkjr ls O;kikj djus dh NwV nh xbza deiuh dh okf.kft;d vk; dks {ks=h; jktlo ls i`fkd dj fn;k x;ka LFkkuh; Lok;Ùk'kklh lalfkkvksa dks djkjksi.k dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka Hkkjrh;ksa dh f'k{kk ij 1 yk[k #i;s okf"kzd O;; djus dk izkoèkku fd;k x;ka èkez fohkkx ¼,DyhftvksfLVdy fohkkx½ dh LFkkiuk dh xbza bl,sdv es a uhfr&funs'kd rùoksa ds cht ns[kus dks feyrs gsaa 1833 dk pkvzj,sdv ;s fczfv'k Hkkjr es a ds anzh;dj.k dh vksj vafre pj.k ekuk tkrk gsa deiuh ds O;kikfjd vfèkdkj dks iw.kzr% lekir dj fn;k x;k vksj og iz'kklfud lalfkk dh Hkwfedk fuhkkus yxha caxky dk xouzj Hkkjr dk xouzj tujy cuk fn;k x;ka fofy;e casfvd Hkkjr ds izfke xouzj tujy cusa xouzj tujy ds ifj"kn es a,d pksfkk lnl; fofèk lnl; ds :i es a tksm+k x;ka ykwmz esdkys izfke fofèk lnl; cusa ckwecs] enzkl dh ljdkjksa dks foèkk;h vfèkdkj ls oafpr dj fn;k x;ka blesa ;g izkoèkku fd;k x;k fd dsoy tue] tkfr] oxz] èkez ;k tuelfkku ds vkèkkj ij fdlh dks fdlh in ;k lsok ls oafpr ugha fd;k tk,xka ykwmz esdkys dh vè;{krk es a izfke fofèk vk;ksx dk xbu fd;k x;k vksj IPC, CrPC vksj CPC dk fuekz.k fd;k x;ka igyh ckj bl vfèkfu;e es a Hkkjrh; lafoèkku es a of.kzr ewykfèkdkjksa ds cht ns[kus dks feyrs gsaa 1853 dk pkvzj,sdv bl,sdv ds }kjk xouzj tujy dh dk;zikfydk,oa foèkk;h 'kfdr;ka i`fkd dh xb±a Hkkjr ds fy, vyx foèkku ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk dh xbza 3

4 Why should read Develop India Study Material? Msosyi bafm;k xzqi v/;;u lkexzh dks D;ksa i<+uk pkfg,\ 1- (DIG) is India s largest complete study materials provider website. Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) Hkkjr dh lcls cm+h v/;;u lkexzh çnkrk osclkbv gsa 2- (DIG) prepared their study materials in the guidance of highly qualified and experience mentoring specialist- Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) us lq;ksx; vksj vuqhkoh lykg fo'ks"kkksa ds ekxzn'kzu es a viuh v/;;u lkexzh rs;kj dh gsa 3- (DIG) study materials have been prepared strictly according to revised syllabus- Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) v/;;u lkexzh iw.kzr;k la'kksf/kr ikbîøe ds vuqlkj rs;kj dh xbz gsa 4- Only aim behind preparing these study materials is to provide study material to those students, who are unable to attend coaching classes in mega cities- bu v/;;u lkefxz;ksa dks rs;kj djus dk mís'; dsoy mu Nk=ksa dks v/;;u lkexzh çnku djuk gs] tks egkuxjksa es a dksfpax Dyklsl es a Hkkx ysus es a vlefkz gsaa 5- All kind of facts & data in this material have been collected from authentic sources- bl lkexzh esa lhkh çdkj ds rf;ksa vksj MsVk dks çkekf.kd lzksrksa ls,d= fd;k x;k gsa 6- All kind of data is updated in quarterly in our study notes- gekjh v/;;u lkefxz;ksa es a lhkh çdkj ds vkad³ksa dks frekgh esa vimsv fd;k tkrk gsa 7- (DIG) study materials have been prepared in simple language so that student can memorize easily and better understand- Msosyi bafm;k xz qi (DIG) v/;;u lkexzh ljy Hkk"kk es a rs;kj dh xbz gs rkfd Nk= vklkuh ls vksj csgrj <ax ls le> ldsa 8- Complete syllabus of preliminary and main exam has been covered in this study material- çkjafhkd vksj eq[; ijh{kk dk iwjk ikbîøe bl v/;;u lkexzh es a 'kkfey fd;k x;k gsa 9- All important and relevant points have been highlighted in bold, underline and italic ways- cksym] js[kkadu vksj bvsfyd rjhds ls lhkh egroiw.kz vksj çklafxd fcanqvksa dks gkbykbv fd;k x;k gsa 10- We have prepared our study materials with trained, talented, experienced team for each subject. They are supported by subject experts- geus çr;sd fo"k; ds fy, çf'kf{kr] çfrhkk'kkyh] vuqhkoh Vhe ds lkfk vksj fo"k; fo'ks"kkksa ds ekxzn'kzu es a v/;;u lkexzh rs;kj dh gsa 11- Once you will read these study materials, you will surely find 70 to 80 % questions in next coming examination-,d ckj tc vki ;s v/;;u lkexzh i<+ ysaxs] rks vkidks fuf'pr :i ls vkus okyh ijh{kk es a 70 ls 80% ç'u feysaxsaa 12- So BUY TODAY and secure your future- blfy, vkt gh [kjhns a vksj viuk Hkfo"; lqjf{kr djsa- Call us for more details :

5 Hkkjrh; foèkku ifj"kn es a {ks=h; izfrfufèkro dk fl)kar izfrikfnr fd;k x;ka foèkkulhkk }kjk ikfjr foèks;dksa ij xouzj tujy dh vuqefr vfuok;z dj nh xbz rfkk mls ohvks ikoj Hkh nh xbza deiuh ds dezpkfj;kas dh fu;qfdr ds fy, ;ksx;rk iz.kkyh dks eku;rk nh xbza 1858 dk Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e bls ^,sdv QkWj n csvj xouzesav QkWj bafm;k* dgk x;ka deiuh dk 'kklu lekir fd;k x;k vksj Hkkjrh; lùkk fczfv'k rkt dks ns nh xbza Hkkjrh; ekeyks a dk izhkkjh fczfv'k eaf=eamy dk lnl; gksrk Fkk] ftls Hkkjr ea=h dgk x;ka mldh lgk;rk ds fy, 15 lnl;h; ifj"kn cukbz xbza Hkkjr ea=h ¼lfpo½ fczfv'k laln ds izfr mùkjnk;h gksrk FkkA xouzj tujy dk uke cnydj ok;ljk; dj fn;k x;ka bl izdkj ykwmz dsfuax Hkkjr ds vafre xouzj tujy vksj izfke ok;ljk; cusa 1861 dk Hkkjrh; ifj"kn~ vfèkfu;e 1861 bz- es a *izfke Hkkjrh; ifj"kn~ vfèkfu;e* ikfjr fd;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fueufyf[kr Fkha % ok;ljk; dks vè;kns'k tkjh djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka ok;ljk; dh ifj"kn es a Hkkjrh; izfrfufèk;ksa dks ukfer djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka igyh ckj Hkkjrh;ksa dks foèkk;h dk;ks± es a layxu fd;k x;ka xouzj tujy dks ladvdkyhu volfkk es a foèkku ifj"kn~ dh vuqefr ds fcuk gh vè;kns'k tkjh djus dh vuqefr ns nh xbza ;s vè;kns'k vfèkdkfèkd 6 ekl rd ykxw jg ldrs FksA 1892 dk Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vfèkfu;e bl vfèkfu;e dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fueufyf[kr Fkha % bl vfèkfu;e us Hkkjr es a izfrfufèkro iz.kkyh ;k izfrfufèk ljdkj dh 'kq#vkr dha okf"kzd ctv ij ppkz djus dh vuqefr nh xbza dqn 'krks± ds vèkhu ljdkj ls iz'u iwnus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vfèkfu;e] 1909 ¼ekyZs&feaVks lqèkkj½ ekys Z&feaVks lqèkkj dk y{; 1892 ds vfèkfu;e ds nks"kks a dks nwj djuk rfkk Hkkjrh; jktuhfr es a c<+rs gq, mxzokn rfkk Økafrdkjh jk"vªokn ls mriuu flfkfr dk lkeuk djuk FkkA bl vfèkfu;e dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a fueufyf[kr Fkha % vizr;{k fuokzpu ds fl)kar dks eku;rk nh xbza lkeiznkf;d izfrfufèkro iz.kkyh dh 'kq#vkr dh xbz] ftles a eqflye leiznk; ds fy, vyx fuokzpd eamy dk fuekz.k fd;k x;ka lkoztfud egùo ds fo"k; ij cgl dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka ifj"kn ds Hkkjrh; lnl;ksa dks iwjd iz'u iwnus dk vfèkdkj fn;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e ds }kjk Hkkjr lfpo dh ifj"kn rfkk Hkkjr ds ok;ljk; dh dk;zdkfj.kh ifj"kn es a lozizfke Hkkjrh; lnl;ks a dks lfeefyr fd;k x;ka nks Hkkjrh; ds-lh- xqirk rfkk ls ;n gqlsu fcyxzkeh dks baxysam flfkr Hkkjr ifj"kn es a fu;qdr fd;k x;ka Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e] 1919 ¼ek.VsX;w,oa pselqksmz lqèkkj½ ;g ekmavqksmz ;kstuk ij vkèkkfjr Fkk] ftls 1921 ls Hkkjr es a ykxw fd;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e ds }kjk mùkjnk;h 'kklu dh LFkkiuk dk iz;kl fd;k x;ka izkarksa es a }Sèk 'kklu dh LFkkiuk dh xbz] ftlds rgr izkarh; ljdkj ds nks Hkkx gks x, % 1- vkjf{kr % ftldk iz'kklu xouzj vius }kjk euksuhr lnl;ksa ds ekè;e ls djrk FkkA 2- glrkarfjr % ftldk iz'kklu xouzj] foèkkueamy ds fuokzfpr lnl;ksa ds }kjk cuh eaf=ifj"kn dh lgk;rk ls djrk FkkA LFkkuh; Lo'kklu izkarh; rfkk glrkarfjr fo"k; cuk;k x;ka dasnz esa f}lnukred foèkkueamy dh LFkkiuk dh xbz] ftugas foèkkulhkk rfkk jkt; ifj"kn dk uke fn;k x;ka dasnzh; foèkkulhkk dk dk;zdky rhu o"kz dk Fkk vksj ;s iwjs Hkkjr ds fy, dkuwu cuk ldrh FkhA Hkkjr esa izr;{k fuokzpu iz.kkyh dh LFkkiuk dh xbza ok;ljk; dh ifj"kn es a Hkkjrh; lnl;ksa dh la[;k c<+kdj rhu dj nh xbza egkys[kk ijh{kd ds in dk l`tu fd;k x;ka bl vfèkfu;e ds }kjk fl=;ksa dks erkfèkdkj fn;k x;ka usg: fjiksvz 5

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