Bluetooth-Low-Energy based System for Automatic Public-Transport passengers' Movement data collection

Transcription

1 Bluetooth-Low-Energy based System for Automatic Public-Transport passengers' Movement data collection Yuval Hadas Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, Israel Boaz Ben Moshe Department of Computer Science, Ariel University, Israel

2 The Research Project Ben Moshe, B., Hadas, Y., Levi, H. Energy-Efficient Framework for Indoor and Outdoor Public-Transit Passengers Tracking using Bluetooth-Enabled Devices, the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., 2014

3 Outline Objectives and motivation The research project Technology Preliminary results Benefits

4 OBJECTIVES AND MOTIVATION

5

6 Objective Developing a prototype for data collection system for tacking PT passengers movement based on BLE technology Algorithms Database Alighting Arrival Riding boarding

7 Tracking Technologies and Passengers Trackability Technology AVL APC AFC GNSS BLE Event Arrival at a No No No Partial Yes, accurate stop Boarding No Yes (aggregate) Partial Yes (with AVL) Yes In-vehicle No No No No Yes positioning Alighting No Yes (aggregate) Partial Yes (with AVL) Yes Transferring No No Partial Partial Yes (with IMU) (time/location) Remarks Trip OD not possible Given complete swipe in/ swipe out High energy consumption, less accurate low energy consumption, accurate

8 THE RESEARCH PROJECT

9 Architecture Algorithms Database Alighting Arrival Riding boarding Background Service (smartphone) BLE tag

10 Tasks Modeling PT BLE IT Small scale demonstration (BIU campus) Field test (with a PT operator)

11 PT modeling Data fusion from different sources Passengers location Vehicles location PT routes Stop to route association Event reporting (arrival, waiting, boarding, riding, alighting) Event status (provisional, permanent) Challenges: Participants VS total patronage Near real-time estimation

12 Data collection Data accumulation (smartphone) Data transmission to the server (periodically) Data upload to the DB Data structure: Time Lat Lon Speed MAC RSSI OBJ C:EC:79:FD:58: :9E:19:03:1A:0D :9E:19:03:1A:0D C:EC:79:FD:58: :9E:19:03:1A:0D C:EC:79:FD:58: :9E:19:03:1A:0D C:EC:79:FD:33:4D C:EC:79:FD:33:4D C:EC:79:FD:33:4D :9E:19:03:1A:0D C:EC:79:FD:33:4D

13 TECHNOLOGY

14 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Also known as Bluetooth 4.0 Most smartphones have Bluetooth capability -new ones come with 4.0 (ibeacon in Apple ios7, Android 4.3+) Highly-efficient energy consumption characteristics Range of 50 meters Sufficient accuracy potential in diverse environments Cost-effective deployment model (IoT) Unlicensed Band wireless communication compatibility

15 Power Consumption of Positioning Sensors BLE BT 2.1 WLAN IMU GPS (GNSS) Current (in data sheet) Expected battery life Tested consumption (ma) 1-3(mA) (ma) 5-10 (ma) (ma) 100 days 3-10 days 6-12 hours hours hours 0.5 (ma) 3 (ma) 20 (ma) 12 (ma) 300 (ma) We are interested in overall energy consumption

16 Tags Used

17 Signal strength (static) Many SNR samples are combined into a smooth signal / distance approximation

18 Signal strength (SNR) Signal Strength (dynamic) Distance from beacon (m) The signal from BLE_TAG6 as received on the way to BLE_TAG5

19 In-Bus positioning Two BLE tags were positioned at the front and the rear of a bus A passenger was monitored walking in the bus signals are relatively noisy due to the bus structure and materials composition Yet, front/mid/rear positioning is possible Rear tag Front tag Movement from front door

20 Indoor Positioning A Walking path in an indoor space (up) with corresponding Signal Strength in db (down) -120

21 SOME RESULTS

22 Tags deployment 16 stops 6 vehicles

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24 Passengers RSSI Preliminary results #1 Single passenger tracking Arrive at stop 3 Board Passthrough stop 4 Alight Leave stop bus 240m m 50 Time (min. from 10AM) Passengers waiting at stop Bus departs :01 :02 :05 :06 :07 :08 :09 Time (min. from 10AM)

25 Preliminary results # BS01 BS02 BS03 BS04 BS05 BS13 BS14 BS15 #N/A

26 BS03 BS04 BS05 BS13 BS14 #N/A BS11 BS BS01 BS07 BS08 BS09 BS10 BS16 Preliminary results #3

27 Benefits Improving the quality of data collection Enabling the implementation of advanced PT models Anonymous monitoring Zone based ticket validation VMS obsolete? Multi-language interface Smart card/e-wallet integration Better accessibility for disabled and mobility impaired passengers

28 Thanks!