Battery Electric (BEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV) in Norway

Transcription

1 Battery Electric (BEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV) in Norway Asbjørn Hagerupsen Norwegian Public Roads Administration

2 Norwegian EV policy history

3 About 4% of total fleet are BEVs.

4 Battery Electric vehicle (BEV) EV market share development in Norway.

5 Plug-in Hybrid vehicle in Norway marked share

6 Electrification one important. measure to reach climate targets Norway plans to become carbon neutral by The average CO2-emission from new cars shall not exceed 85 g/km in 2020 Proposed National Transport plan: From 2025 only Zero emission passenger vehicles shall be sold.

7 Progress towards 85 g/km target in 2020

8 Why are EV sales taking off in Norway?. EVs are attractive to buy EVs are attractive to own EVs are attractive to use

9 Norwegian context/basis for success Incentives matching different user needs No purchase/import taxes (1990)* Exemption from 25% VAT on purchase (2001) Low annual road tax (1996) No charges on toll roads or ferries (1997 and 2009) Free municipal parking (1999) Access to bus lanes (2005) 50 % reduced company car tax (2000)* Exemption from 25% VAT on leasing (2015) *Partly also for PHEV`s Total cost 465 mill euro pr. year

10 Value of local BEV incentives Free tollroads, Free parking, Reduced rate on ferries, Acess to bus lanes. Average value: 2000 Euro/BEV/year BEV owners save twice as much as PHEV/ICEV owners spend on toll roads and parking

11 How did EVs get so many incentives? How did EVs get so many incentives? 1990s: Remove economic barriers to get testing started 2000s: The dream of an EV industry in Norway 2010s: Climate policy Bottom-up pressure, not top-down measure. New pressure groups came to and contributed Was not expensive for the government in the beginning Easier not to collect a tax Always one more incentive needed to get the market going.

12 Incentives - what will happen in coming years The incentive package will be revised and adjusted parallel with the market development in coming years. The tax incentives will stay in place to 2018 and then be revised. From 2017 the local governments will decide the incentives such as access to buss lanes and free municipal parking.

13 . Progressive distributional effects from BEV incentives. People with ordinary incomes gets the opportunity to buy environmentally friendly vehicles The household income for working owners of BEVs, PHEVs and ICEVs that bought their car in 2011 and later, is the same Exemption from a high registration tax in Norway gives BEVs a competitive price, i.e. an alternative for families Local incentives make daily life easier for households with children and time pressure

14 . Different buyers, additional effects

15 Charging infrastructure The European Clean Power for Transport directive recommends that there should be one public available charging point for every 10 electric cars by With an increasing market share from 22% in 2015 to 30% in 2020, the Norwegian EV population may by 2020 reach This shows that there should be around public charging points available by In 2015 there were only approximately charging points complying with EU standards. For longer distance trips, a well-organized charging network has to be in place. The Norwegian Government has launched a program to finance the establishment of at least two multi standard fast charging stations every 50 km on all main roads in Norway by 2017

16 Number of publicly charging positions

17 Charging stations

18 Range is not a showstopper Winter Only 27% have avoided trips Range was too short Public charging infrastructure insufficient Only 6% have aborted trips Miscalculated range Faulty infrastructure Source: Norwegian PEV consumer survey, TØI Page 18

19 Cars sold in 2016.

20 TOP 5 bestselling BEV models (M1) in Norway 2017 BMWi3 18,7% Volkswagen e-golf 16,% Nissan Leaf 14,9% Tesla Model X 10,2% Renault Zoe 9,8% Others 29,8%

21 Awareness Visibility In Oslo area EVs are seen everywhere and everyday At work At school At kindergarden At shopping centers At a red light In front of you Friends have them Some municipalities have more than 5% EVs in total fleet EVs have a special number plate: EL EVs at car dealerships Very visible in advertising in Newspapers and TV

22 HIGH POLITCAL (AND ROYAL!) SUPPORT. Early EV industry since 1990s (Pivco/Think, Kewet/Buddy)

23 Conclusion Powerful purchase and user incentives drives up demand Larger early adopter groups than other countries Sales spreads out from hot spots around cities New models accelerates sales High level of awareness and visibility Long EV history Word of mouth and the media are information channels People have positive experiences and tell their friends Cars are used in everyday traffic, average yearly distance