4.1 BROAD DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT

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1 CHAPTER 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION This chapter firstly provides a broad description of the proposed N2 Wild Coast Toll Highway, followed by a detailed description of the proposed construction activities that would be undertaken during the Initial Construction Period (normally the first three years) of the concession. A general overview of the envisaged major construction activities to be undertaken during the balance of the concession period, or such a period that may be offered or negotiated during the tender process, is also provided. SANRAL has pointed out that the proposed project may be amended as a result of public input, the economics of the project and specific requirements from the road authorities arising from the Declaration to Toll process and the Tender process. The description presented in this chapter is the most up-to-date position of the proposed project as it is currently planned. 4.1 BROAD DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT The proposed N2 Wild Coast Toll Highway extends over a total distance of approximately 560 km between the N2 Gonubie Interchange (near East London in the Eastern Cape) and the N2 Isipingo Interchange (south of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal) (refer to Figure 1.1). It is proposed that the design, construction, financing, operation and maintenance of the proposed highway be undertaken as part of a 30-year Concession Contract. The key components of the proposed project include: Upgrading and widening of existing road sections (of the N2 and R61) included within the proposed project (approximately 470 km); New road construction within two greenfields sections (approximately 90 km); Construction of nine new bridges; Upgrading and/or construction of new road interchanges and intersections; and Construction of associated structures (such as toll plazas, pedestrian overpasses and animal underpasses). SANRAL has indicated that the proposed project aims to provide a national route that improves access and linkage to the east coast region of South Africa while reducing road-user costs and optimising safety, comfort and socio-economic benefits, through the following: Upgrading and/or construction of the route to an appropriate design speed (90 to 120 km/h) for the majority of its length, while maintaining a minimum of 60 km/h design speeds in short sections such as mountain passes (e.g. the Kei Cuttings); Construction of a two-lane single carriageway with wide shoulders, while dual carriageways and/or climbing lanes would be constructed where warranted by traffic volumes and safety requirements; Construction and maintenance of appropriate safety devices such as fencing and vehicular/pedestrian/livestock over- or underpasses and walkways while maintaining an attractive road reserve along the length of the route; Consolidation and formalisation of accesses onto the proposed toll highway in order to ensure road user safety (in terms of sight distances and provision of traffic turning lanes); Rehabilitation and overall improvement of the road surface along existing sections of the route; Installation and maintenance of road signage, road furniture and roadside emergency facilities; and Provision of a well-maintained road reserve along the length of the proposed route. CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-1 December 2009

2 The proposed route alignment (refer to Figure 1.1) would connect major economic centres, including East London, Butterworth, Mthatha, Lusikisiki, Port Edward, Port Shepstone and Durban, and would be approximately 75 km shorter than the existing N2 route between East London and Durban via Mount Frere, Kokstad and Harding. Approximately 80 % of the proposed route would utilise existing road sections, as follows: Existing N2 between the Gonubie Interchange and Mthatha; Existing R61 between Mthatha and Ndwalane; Existing R61 between Ntafufu River and Lusikisiki; and Existing R61 and N2 between the Mthamvuna River and the Isipingo Interchange. The following grade separation interchanges are proposed: Komga Interchange; Ndabakazi Interchange; Elliotdale Interchange; Viedgesville Interchange; Ndwalane Interchange; Ntafufu Interchange; Lusikisiki Interchange; R61 (Mthamvuna) Interchange; Port Edward Interchange; Southbroom Interchange; and Adams Road Interchange. District road intersections would be upgraded along the entire route in order to provide turning slots and improve safety. Village and informal accesses would be closed and feeder roads constructed to provide access at new, safe and appropriate access points, with a minimum spacing of approximately 1 km between these accesses. Fencing, cattle grids, underpasses, overpasses, sidewalks and frontage roads would be constructed, where required, in order to improve safety and provide grade separation accesses across the route. Public transport lay-byes would be provided where required and where it would be safe and possible to do so. It is anticipated that such lay-byes would be provided at least at the existing major intersections. SANRAL has indicated that the exact location and number of underpasses, overpasses and public transport stopping points would be finalised in consultation with directly affected communities during the detailed design phase. New road construction is proposed between Ndwalane and Ntafufu, and between Lusikisiki and the Mthamvuna River (greenfields sections). Intersections (possible future interchanges) are proposed at all locations where the proposed toll highway would cross existing district and access roads. Within the new road sections, major bridge crossings are required at eight deeply incised gorges, namely the Mzimvubu, Msikaba, Kwadlambu, Mthentu, Mnyameni, Kulumbe, Mpahlane and Mzamba rivers. The proposed project would include seven mainline toll plazas and 24 ramp (interchange) toll plazas. Mainline toll plazas are proposed as follows: To the north-east of the Kei River cuttings, just outside Ngobozi the Ngobozi Toll Plaza; In the Bashee Bridge region, close to the Candu River the Candu Toll Plaza; In the vicinity of Ndwalane the Ndwalane Toll Plaza; Immediately north of the Mthentu River the Mthentu Toll Plaza; The existing Oribi Plaza between Izotsha and Umtentweni; CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-2 December 2009

3 Just north of the Park Rynie Interchange the Park Rynie Toll Plaza; and Just south of the Isipingo Interchange the Isipingo Toll Plaza. Ramp toll plazas are proposed as follows: Proposed Ndwalane Interchange (southern ramps); Shelly Beach Interchange (existing Izotsha ramp plazas); Marburg Interchange (existing Oribi northern and southern ramp plazas); Umtentweni Interchange (existing Umtentweni ramp plazas); Pennington Interchange (southern ramps); Park Rynie Interchange (southern ramps); Scottburgh Interchange (northern ramps); Umkomaas Interchange (northern ramps); Adams Road Interchange (southern ramps); Moss Kolnick Interchange (southern ramps); and Joyner Road Interchange (southern ramps). According to SANRAL, the Concessionaire would be required to provide a high standard of traffic accommodation during the construction phase. It is anticipated that the toll plazas would be built towards the end of completion of the proposed road upgrading/construction. 4.2 DESCRIPTION OF INITIAL CONSTRUCTION WORKS The Initial Construction Works refers to proposed construction activities that would be undertaken during the Initial Construction Period (normally the first three years) of the concession. The description of the initial works below has, for convenience, been divided into seven sections Section 1: Gonubie Interchange to Ngobozi This section is illustrated in Figure 4.1. The length of this section is approximately 80 km. The existing N2 road between the Gonubie Interchange and the Great Kei River is generally in a fair to good condition. Short sections that showed marked deterioration had been recently repaired. Major rehabilitation (see Plate 4.1) and widening would be carried out where Improvements to sight distance and road-user safety would include the provision of climbing lanes where required (to provide faster vehicles with passing opportunities i.e. improved capacity and Level of Service (LOS)) and improvements to selected at-grade intersections along the route. A formal interchange is to be constructed at the existing Komga Intersection (see Figure 4.2). The section of the route between the Great Kei River and Ngobozi (via the Kei Cuttings) has been recently reconstructed. The need for additional safety improvements would be investigated and implemented as As part of the proposed rehabilitation and upgrade of the section, basic construction activities would include resurfacing of the road, replacement of guard rails, signage and road markings, provision and maintenance of fencing along the length of the road, provision of pedestrian walkways, where required, construction of over- and/or underpasses for local accessibility (see Figures 4.3 and 4.4), and provision of safety features (e.g. lighting, where required). CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-3 December 2009

4 All construction activities are proposed to take place within the existing road reserve, with the exception of the proposed Komga Interchange and the mainline toll plaza at Ngobozi. Plate 4.1: A section just north of the Gonubie Interchange in need of rehabilitation A detailed description of the proposed construction activities per road section between the Gonubie Interchange and Ngobozi is provided in Table 4.1. Table 4.1: Proposed construction activities per road section between the Gonubie Interchange and Ngobozi Gonubie Interchange to Mooiplaas (31 km) Mooiplaas to Komga (20.4 km) Komga to Great Kei River (10.5 km) Original construction in 1961/1966; freeway section constructed in Resealed in Portions resealed in 2003/ Original construction in 1961/1963. Resealed in Major rehabilitation scheduled for 2006/ Original construction in Upgraded in Resurfacing scheduled for Rehabilitation, where Resurfacing. Upgrading of intersections, where Repairing of structures, as Replacement of guard rails, signage and fencing, where Rehabilitation. Widening to make provision for climbing lanes, where Repairing of structures, as Resurfacing. Upgrading of intersections, where Construction of Komga Interchange. Repairing of structures, as CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-4 December 2009

5 Great Kei River to Ngobozi (16 km) Original construction Full length reconstruction completed Construction of mainline toll plaza at Ngobozi. Community access roads. SANRAL s preferred Toll Plaza locality It is proposed to construct a mainline toll plaza north-east of the Kei River crossing, just outside Ngobozi the Ngobozi Toll Plaza (see Figure 4.5). No alternative toll plaza locations have been identified in this section of the proposed toll highway (see Chapter 5 for the discussion on factors determining suitability of toll plaza locations) Section 2: Ngobozi to Mthatha (Ngqeleni) This section is illustrated in Figure 4.6. The length of this section is approximately 145 km. The existing N2 road between Ngobozi and Mthatha is generally in a poor to fair condition. It is envisaged that pavement rehabilitation would be required, together with upgrading to improve road-user safety (e.g. the addition of climbing lanes and improvements to intersections). A number of gradeseparated interchanges are proposed at major intersections, while unauthorised intersections would be re-routed via community access roads to upgraded, safe at-grade or grade-separated intersections see Figures 4.7 and 4.8. In addition, safety improvements are required for pedestrians and livestock such as pedestrian walkways and over- and underpasses. As part of the proposed rehabilitation and upgrade of the section, basic construction activities would include resurfacing of the road, replacement of guard rails, signage and road markings, provision and maintenance of fencing along the length of the route and provision of safety features (e.g. lighting, where required). Major safety and traffic flow upgrades are proposed for Butterworth and Dutywa (see Plates 4.2 and 4.3). All proposed initial construction works would take place within the existing road reserve, with the exception of the interchanges, intersection upgrades, community access roads, safety and access upgrades in Butterworth and Dutywa and the mainline toll plaza near the Candu River (see Plate 4.4). The section of the route through Mthatha up to the Ngqeleni Intersection (approximately 15 km) would be upgraded to a four-lane dual carriageway road. The Corana and Mthatha river crossings would require additional bridges. A detailed description of the proposed construction activities per road section between Ngobozi and Mthatha is provided in Table 4.2. CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-5 December 2009

6 Plate 4.2: The town of Butterworth where major safety and traffic flow upgrades are proposed Plate 4.3: The town of Dutywa where major safety and traffic flow upgrades are proposed including the construction of a second carriageway CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-6 December 2009

7 Plate 4.4: The area in which the construction of the Candu mainline toll plaza near the Candu River is proposed Table 4.2: Proposed construction activities per road section between Ngobozi and Mthatha (Ngqeleni) Ngobozi to Butterworth (18.2 km) Main Street through Butterworth (1.4 km) Butterworth to Ibika (8.8 km) Ibika to Dutywa (24.2 km) Original construction Resealed in 1981 and Rehabilitated 2002/ Originally rehabilitated and widened in Resealed in Overlay 2002/ Originally rehabilitated and widened in Resealed in Rehabilitated 2002/ Original construction in Reconstructed in 1992 (various maintenance activities in the interim). Upgrading of the Ndabakazi Intersection (see Figure 4.9). Upgrade of section between Ndabakazi and Butterworth to a four-lane undivided road. Provision of pedestrian walkways and guard rails, where Upgrade of through-road to support traffic flow and safety (such as median and pedestrian barriers, restricted turning movements, restricted parking in through-road, improved access to taxi pick-up points, provision of lighting, traffic signals, etc.). Upgrading of intersections, including widening of road where Upgrade of section between Butterworth and Msobomvu Intersection to a four-lane undivided road. Replacement of guard rails, signage and fencing, where Repairing of structures, where Resurfacing. Repairing of structures, as Community access roads. CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-7 December 2009

8 Main street through Dutywa Municipal Area (1.2 km) Dutywa to Candu River (26.6 km) Candu River to Viedgesville (38.5 km) Viedgesville to Mthatha (12.9 km) Mthatha (Ultra City) to Ngqeleni (14.5 km) 60 Original construction in Reconstructed in Portion of main street realigned through Rein Street Original construction in Resealed in (80 at Viedgesville) Original construction in Widened and reconstructed in Mthentu cuttings resealed in Original construction in Widened and reconstructed in Widened and reconstructed in Resurfaced in Traffic flow and safety upgrades (such as median and pedestrian barriers, restricted turning movements, restricted parking in through-road, improved access to taxi pick-up points, provision of lighting, traffic signals, etc.). Construction of mainline toll plaza near the Candu River. Resurfacing. Widening, where Replacement of guard rails, signage and fencing, where Repairing of structures, as Provision of pedestrian walkways and guard rails, where Community access roads. Resurfacing/rehabilitation. Widening to 12.5 m and to make provision for climbing lanes, where Upgrading of intersections, where Repairing of structures, as Provision of pedestrian walkways and guard rails, where Community access roads. Construction of Elliotdale Interchange (see Figure 4.10). Rehabilitation. Construction of Viedgesville Interchange (see Figure 4.11). Widening to make provision for climbing lanes, and fourlane undivided road where Upgrading of intersections, where Repairing of structures, as Provision of pedestrian walkways and guard rails, where Community access roads. Widening to four-lane dual carriageway, rehabilitation and resurfacing as Upgrading of intersections, where Implementation of one-way system at Madeira and Sprigg Streets. Improved signage, lighting, etc. New carriageway bridges at Corana and Mthatha rivers. SANRAL s preferred Toll Plaza locality SANRAL s preferred mainline toll plaza in this section is located in the Bashee Bridge region, close to the Candu River the Candu Toll Plaza (refer to Figure 4.4 and Plate 4.4). An alternative toll plaza location approximately 1 km west of the preferred locality has been considered, but was excluded based on poor sight distance and road geometrics. CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-8 December 2009

9 4.2.3 Section 3: Mthatha (Ngqeleni) to Ndwalane This section is illustrated in Figure The length of this section is approximately 72 km. The existing R61 between Mthatha and Ndwalane traverses rugged terrain. Existing cuts and fills often show geotechnically unstable characteristics. Improvements to road-user safety and riding quality would include repair of the existing road, widening of the road surface and upgrading at selected locations (e.g. the provision of climbing lanes and improvements to intersections and new intersections at various points along the route). Community access roads and vehicular, pedestrian and livestock under- and overpasses would be constructed where Improvements to access points and the provision of pedestrian and taxi facilities would be undertaken along the section from Ngqeleni via Libode to Ndwalane, where numerous villages and rural communities abut the road. Sections of dual carriageway would be constructed at principal congregation points such as the St Barnabas Hospital and Thombo. The pass through the Tutor Ndamase mountainous area is in an area of geotechnical instability and erosion, and would require additional safety measures such as slope stability measures and retaining walls at unstable cuttings. As part of the proposed rehabilitation and upgrade of the section, basic construction activities would include widening and resurfacing of the road, replacement of guard rails, signage and road markings, provision and maintenance of fencing along the existing route, provision of pedestrian walkways, where required, construction of over- and/or underpasses (approximately 25) for local traffic, pedestrian and livestock access and provision of safety features (e.g. lighting) where All initial construction works would take place within the existing road reserve, with the exception of short sections requiring widening, intersection upgrades, vehicular overpasses and interchanges (see Figure 4.13). Measures to stabilise cuts and fills may also require additional land outside the existing road reserve. A detailed description of the proposed construction activities per road section between Mthatha and Ndwalane is provided in Table 4.3. Table 4.3: Proposed construction activities per road section between Mthatha (Ngqeleni) and Ndwalane Mthatha (Ngqeleni) to Libode (23 km) Libode to Ntlaza (8.1 km) Original construction during late 1970s. Resealed in Original construction in 1982/1983; 3 km section rehabilitated in 2001 and remaining section resealed. Widening and resurfacing. Upgrading of intersections, where Improvement of access control. Widening and construction of climbing lanes, where Widening and rehabilitation. Upgrading of intersections, where Climbing lanes, where Provision of pedestrian and taxi facilities, where Construction of dual carriageway at St Barnabas Hospital (2 km). CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-9 December 2009

10 Ntlaza to Mgwenyana (15.7 km) Mgwenyana to Thombo (16.2 km) Thombo to Ndwalane (9.5 km) in steep sections in rolling sections. Original construction in 1986/ Original construction in 1983 and Repair to fill failure in Original construction in 1989/1990. Widening and resurfacing. Construction of climbing lanes, where Upgrading of intersections, where Implementation of slope stability measures, where Possible construction of alternative mainline toll plaza (Ntlaza). Widening and surface rehabilitation. Addition of climbing lanes, where Upgrading of intersections, where Implementation of slope stability measures, where Construction of dual carriageway at Thombo (2 km). Widening and resurfacing. Bridge widening at Mngazi River. Provision of pedestrian and taxi facilities, where Upgrading of intersections, where Implementation of slope stability measures, where SANRAL s preferred Toll Plaza locality SANRAL s preferred mainline toll plaza is located at Ndwalane (see Section 4.2.4) the Ndwalane Toll Plaza. An alternative toll plaza location in the vicinity of the Ntlaza Mission, near the Tutor Ndamase Pass, has been identified (see Section 5.5) Section 4: Ndwalane to Ntafufu River This section is illustrated in Figure The length of this section is approximately 16.5 km. This section begins approximately 10 km inland of Port St Johns and would bypass the existing Mzimvubu Pondoland Bridge. It would involve the construction of a new road to national road standards between Ndwalane and Ntafufu (see Plates 4.5 to 4.12). A major high-level bridge crossing would be required over the Mzimvubu River (see Plate 4.9). The alternative alignments between Ndwalane and the Ntafufu River being considered during this phase of the EIA process are presented in Section 5.3 and assessed in Part C, Chapter 10. The proposed new road would comprise a two-lane single carriageway highway, with climbing lanes where required (see Figure 4.15) and a minimum design speed of 100 to 120 km/h. The width of the road would generally be a minimum of 12.4 m (2x3.7 m lanes and 2x2.5 m paved shoulders) within a road reserve of 80 m. CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-10 December 2009

11 Plate 4.5: Ndwalane Village, close to the location of the proposed Ndwalane Interchange Plate 4.6: Affected area of the proposed road alignment between Ndwalane and the Mzimvubu River CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-11 December 2009

12 Plate 4.7: Affected area of the proposed road alignment between Ndwalane and the Mzimvubu River (the proposed toll highway would be aligned across the gravel road) Plate 4.8: Affected area of the proposed high-level bridge across the Mzimvubu River CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-12 December 2009

13 Plate 4.9: Ntafufu Village, Ntafufu River and local access road A detailed description of the proposed construction activities for the road section between Ndwalane and the Ntafufu River is provided in Table 4.4. Table 4.4: Proposed construction activities for the road section between Ndwalane and Ntafufu River Ndwalane to Ntafufu River (16.5 km) New road section. Construction of new road to national toll road standards. Construction of new bridge across the Mzimvubu River. Construction of new interchanges at Ndwalane (see Figure 4.16) and Ntafufu (see Figure 4.17). Over- and underpasses, interchanges, fencing, road signs and guard rails. Construction of new mainline toll plaza and ramp plazas at the proposed Ndwalane Interchange. SANRAL s preferred Toll Plaza locality It is proposed to construct a mainline toll plaza in the vicinity of Ndwalane the Ndwalane Toll Plaza (see Figure 4.18). This toll plaza would toll future long-distance through-traffic on the proposed toll highway and traffic to/from Lusikisiki from/to Mthatha. Ramp plazas are proposed on the southern ramps of the proposed Ndwalane Interchange. CCA Environmental (Pty) Ltd 4-13 December 2009