TURBOCHARGER AT LOW SPEED AND HIGH SPEED IN FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE. Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai-73. Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai-73.

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Volume 116 No. 16 2017, 131-135 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.

1 Volume 116 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu TURBOCHARGER AT LOW SPEED AND HIGH SPEED IN FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE K.P.R. Athiyaman 1, Mohammed Shabirullah 2 1 UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai vignesh.mech@bharathuniv.ac.in, 2 mohammedshabirullah.mech@bharathuniv.ac.in Abstract: The progress of automobiles for transportation has been intimately associated with the progress of civilization. The automobile of today is the result of the accumulation of many years of pioneering research and development. An attempt has been made in this project; the exhaust gas is used to rotate the turbine with blower arrangement. Exhaust gas is used to rotate the blower and this air is given to the ignition input supply. Our fore most aim in selecting this project is to use efficiency turbo charging. It is also good with regard to economic considerations and engine efficiency. 1. Introduction The output of the engine exhaust gas is given to the input of the turbine blades, so that the pressurized air produced. This power, the alternate power must be much more convenient in availability and usage. The next important reason for the search of effective, unadulterated power are to save the surrounding environments including men, machine and material of both the existing and the next forth generation from pollution, the cause for many harmful happenings and to reach the saturation point[1-3]. The most talented power against the natural resource is supposed to be the electric and solar energies that best suit the automobiles. The unadulterated zero emission electrical and solar power, is the only easily attainable alternate source. Hence we decided to incorporate the solar power in the field of automobile, the concept of many Multi National Companies (MNC) and to get relieved from the incorrigible air pollution. What is turbo-charging? 2. Turbo Super Charger Turbo-charging, simply, is a method of increasing the output of the engine without increasing its size. The basic principle was simple and was already being used in big diesel engines. European car makers installed[4-7] small turbines turned by the exhaust gases of the same engine. This turbine compressed the air that went on to the combustion chamber, thus ensuring a bigger explosion and an incremental boost in power. The fuel-injection system, on its part, made sure that only a definite quantity of fuel went into the combustion chamber. What the turbo-charger does? What the turbo-charger was does is that it simply increases the volumetric efficiency of the engine. To give you an example: a 1,500 cc engine that produced, say, 60 bhp when it was normally aspirated, benefited at times with a 10- to 20-per cent power boost depending on the kind of turbo-charger used. Normally, the manufacturer would have had to resort to a bigger displacement in the engine, or design and develop an all-new engine to get more power from the same unit[8-11]. BMW was the first to use turbo-charging in a production passenger car when they launched the 2002 in The car was brilliantly packaged too and paved the way for a simply magnificent 'Turbo Era' in the automotive world. Swedish giant Saab took its cue from this and its ensuing 900 series was one of the most characteristic turbo cars of its time. Intercoolers the latest turbo's they are used by most of today's turbo-diesel engines to make the compressed air denser. It works like this - on starting, exhaust gases spin the turbine and thus activate a compressor that pressurizes the air. This pressurised air from the turbo-charger is then sent through a duct to an air-cooled intercooler, which lowers the temperature of the intake charge and thus increases its density. The air-cooled intercoolers receive air through separate intakes and that explains the small scoops and louvers usually found on the hoods of turbo-charged cars. 131

2 Modern turbo-diesel engines also make use of a temperature-sensitive, motor-driven fan which boosts airflow at low engine speeds or when the intake air temperature is high. Though there are diesel engines that 'earn' a turbo-charger mid-way through their life, the usual practice is to design and develop an engine with a turbo-charger in mind. Then, as and when a turbocharged model is added to the stable, the engine can adapt to it without any additional strengthening and cooling of engine parts. A well-engineered, turbocharged diesel engine offers better fuel efficiency (at times by 15 per cent), better overall performance (better torque and high-end power), reduced noise (compared to normally aspirated diesel engines) and minimum engine maintenance (owing to better combustion of diesel fuel). Turbo looses steam Multiple valves and double-overhead camshaft designs developed reasonable performance without the complication of turbo-charging, and these methods were politically correct too since they consumed less fuel. Consequently today there are only a few petrol-powered road cars that still use turbo-chargers for enhanced performance[12-15]. Computers soon started playing an even bigger role in cars. Engine management systems linked to fuelinjection systems meant getting more out of the engine was even easier. For example, one can buy chips that can boost power by 100 bhp for some Japanese cars, such as the Nissan Skyline. Moreover, on-road speeds were being restricted all over the world. Though most of the sports cars today are capable of doing more, they are restricted electronically not to exceed 250 kmph even in autobahn-blessed Germany. Turbo-charging lost its edge towards the end of the '80s and today this technology is used only in select performance cars. Porsche, for example, is all set to build a turbo-charged version of its all-new 911 (watercooled) with added performance. Turbo engines were banned in Formula One too with the idea of restricting the performance of the cars (and thereby making them safer too). There are many who consider this a backward step in the world of Formula One, which is considered to represent the 'tomorrow' of automotive technology. But if one analyses the performance of normally aspirated cars in F1 today, (3,500 cc nonturbo), they perform as well, if not better, than the turbo cars of the early '80s[16-18]. So, there are no full stops in technology. While road cars and even sports and racing cars are going in for more efficient engines, better metallurgy and wilder-than-ever electronics to get their engines to perform at an optimum level without sacrificing the performance edge, turbo-chargers still continue to serve the same purpose they were invented for... albeit more so with diesel engines. 3. Working There are only two strokes involved namely the compression stroke and the power stroke, they are usually called as upward stroke and downward stroke respectively. 3.1Upward Stroke During this stroke, the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center, compressing the charge-air petrol mixture in combustion chamber of the cylinder, at the time the inlet port is uncovered and the exhaust, transfer ports are covered. The compressed charge is ignited in the combustion chamber by a spark given by spark plug. 3.2Downward Stroke The charge is ignited the hot gases compress the piston moves downwards, during this stroke the inlet port is covered by the piston and the new charge is compressed in the crankcase, further downward movement of the piston uncovers first exhaust port and then transfer port and hence the exhaust starts through the exhaust port. As soon as the transfer port open the charge through it is forced in to the cylinder, the cycle is then repeated[19-20]. 4. Experimental or Materials and Methods Today, the turbocharging of petrol engines is no longer primarily seen from the performance perspective, but is rather viewed as a means of reducing fuel consumption and, consequently, environmental pollution on account of lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Currently, the primary reason of using turbochargers is the reduced consumption and emission of harmful gases. A turbocharger, often called a turbo, is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust flow of an engine. A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared axle. The turbine inlet receives exhaust gases from the engine causing the turbine wheel to rotate. This rotation drives the compressor, compressing ambient air and delivering it to the air intake manifold of the engine at higher pressure, resulting in a greater mass of air entering each cylinder[21]. In some instances, compressed air is routed through an intercooler before introduction to the intake manifold Turbo-charging, simply, is a method of increasing the output of the engine without increasing its size. The basic principle was simple and was already being used in big diesel engines. This turbine compressed the air that went on to the 132

3 combustion chamber, thus ensuring a bigger explosion and an incremental boost in power. The fuel-injection system, on its part, made sure that only a definite quantity of fuel went into the combustion chamber. The objective of a turbocharger is the same as a supercharger; to improve upon the size-to-output efficiency of an engine by solving one of its cardinal limitations. A naturally aspirated automobile engine uses only the downward stroke of a piston to create an area of low pressure in order to draw air into the cylinder through the intake valves. Because the pressure in the atmosphere is no more than 1 bar (approximately 14.7 psi), there ultimately will be a limit to the pressure difference across the intake valves and thus the amount of airflow entering the combustion chamber. This ability to fill the cylinder with air is its volumetric efficiency. Because the turbocharger increases the pressure at the point where air is entering the cylinder, a greater mass of air (oxygen) will be forced in as the inlet manifold pressure increases. The additional oxygen makes it possible to add more fuel, increasing the power and torque output of the engine. 5. Working Principle The progress of automobiles for transportation has been intimately associated with the progress of civilization. The automobile of today is the result of the accumulation of many years of pioneering research and development. The output of the engine exhaust gas is given to the input of the turbine blades, so that the pressurized air produced. This pressurized air is given to the carburetor intake air system. The efficiency of the engine is improved by using this type of turbo charging. This power, the alternate power must be much more convenient in availability and usage. The next important reason for the search of effective, unadulterated power are to save the surrounding environments including men, machine and material of both the existing and the next forth generation from pollution, the cause for many harmful happenings and to reach the saturation point. Specification of four stroke petrol engine: Type Cooling System Bore/Stroke Four strokes 50 x 50 mm Air Cooled Compression Ratio 6.6: 1 Maximum Torque 0.98 kg-m at 5,500RPM Figure1.Layout of the Project 6. Result and Conclusion This project is an attempt to reduce our dependency on foreign oil and reduce the tailpipe emission from automobiles and this was an attempt to design and implement this new technology that will drive us into the future. Use of production turbo super charger will reduce smog-forming pollutants over the current national average. The first hybrid on the market will cut emissions of globalwarming pollutants by a third to a half and later modes may cut emissions by even more. We have designed and fabricated a prototype of the Turbocharger was implemented in Two-wheeler,In which the efficiency of the Engine can be increased.thus we have developed a method to increase the efficiency of the engine and at the same time to control the Emissions from the engine. The experimental setup of block diagram is shows the arrangement of turbocharger in two-wheeler. This type of engine will be more efficient than existing engines. This work is an attempt to reduce our dependency on foreign oil and reduce the tailpipe emission from automobiles and this was an attempt to design and implement this new technology that will drive us into the future. Use of production turbo charger will reduce smog forming pollutants over the current national average. The first hybrid on the market will cut emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half and later modes may cut emissions by even more. Piston Displacement 98.2 cc References 133

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PERFORMANCE & EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATED BY BIO- DIESEL BLENDS. Jay sagar sah 1,R. Sabarish 2

Volume 116 No. 16 2017, 161-166 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu PERFORMANCE & EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATED BY