PERFORMANCE & EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATED BY BIO- DIESEL BLENDS. Jay sagar sah 1,R. Sabarish 2

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1 Volume 116 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu PERFORMANCE & EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DIESEL ENGINE OPERATED BY BIO- DIESEL BLENDS Jay sagar sah 1,R. Sabarish 2 1 UG Student,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai Asst.Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath University, BIHER, Chennai manishkumar.mech@bharathuniv.ac.in, 2 sabarish.mech@bharathuniv.ac.in Abstract: This project aims at studying the performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with a single cylinder. This engine is to run by biodiesel that is made by using Mahua oil (alternative fuel) and fuel blend (10% mahua oil and 90% diesel). Various blends of the alternative fuel are compared against conventional diesel and the B10 oil. The parameters of performance analysis single cylinder diesel engine. The engine was run for some minutes the various load are increased 0, 5, 10, 15kg. The result graph was plotted based on BP,Vs BTE, SEC and emission values Hydrocarbon(HC), Carbon Monoxide(Co), Nitric oxide(nox) and smoke. B10 blend of biodiesel with diesel was found the best suitable blend for engine. Biodiesel is an appropriate inherent source for alternative fuel, with environmental benefits. Nevertheless, the nitrogen oxides emissions have been found slightly higher than the conventional unmodified engine. Keywords: Diesel engine, Renewable energy, injection pressure, Diesel oxidation catalyst, Performance, Emission 1. Introduction MAHUA oil, also known as MOWRAH oil, is obtained from the seeds of two trees: Madhuca indica J.F. Gmelin. syn. Madhuca latifolia (Roxb.) Macbride and Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) Macbride; both belonging to the family Sapotaceae. Madhuca indica grows chiefly in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat and in parts of West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and South India; while Madhuca longifolia grows only in South India. [2-3] Diesel engines are used to power automobiles, locomotives, ships and irrigation pumps. It is also used widely to generate electric power. [4-5]Diesel engines offer higher thermal efficiency and durability. Despite these advantages, the environmental pollution caused by diesel engines becomes a major concern throughout the world. Diesel engines produce smoke, particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen (NOX), oxides of carbon (CO & CO2) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC). Several alternative fuels have been studied to either substitute diesel fuel partially or completely.[1] Alternative fuels derived from biological sources provide a means for sustainable development, energy conservation, energy efficiency and environmental protection. Some of the alternative fuels explored are biogas, ethanol, vegetable oils etc,.[2] The interest in using vegetable oils as alternative fuels for diesel engines originated from Rudolph diesel. He tested the engine using peanut oil over 100 years ago and it continued within the agricultural community as fuel for tractors, pumping water and other agricultural machineries.[4] As an alternative fuel, vegetable oil is renewable and contains less sulfur. The combustion of vegetable oil produces negligible [5]sulphurdioxide emissions and much less toxic emissions. In principle, vegetable oil is carbon neutral; the carbondioxide released by combustion is absorbed back for photosynthesis. Vegetable oil is biodegradable, safe to store and transport and does not cause environmental or health problems. Several vegetable oils of edible nature such as rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, cotton seed oil, palm oil, olive oil etc.[6] and non-edible nature such as jatropha oil, mahua oil, karanja oil have been used as alternative fuel for diesel engines. Diesel fuel additive helps to improve the engine performance, better combustion, reduces the emissions like Nox, Hc & Co and reduce the knocking.[8] One the important thing about diesel fuel additive which clean the fuel injectors of diesel engines. It also helps the improvements of fuel economy and protection from the carrion in the fuel tank.[15] S.Muruganetal carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled by 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent blends of mahua oil(mo) with diesel fuel(df). Results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine fuelled by MO- 161

2 DF blends increased with increase in blend concentration and higher than Diesel. NOx, HC, CO and smoke emissions were found to be higher at higher loads due to high aromatic content and longer ignition delay.[3] So many investigations have been reported in literature with a wide diversity of fuel improve the fuel economy, engine performance and to reduce exhaust emissions. 1.2 Project Objectives The objectives of this project are to analyse the fuel consumption and the emission characteristics such as oxygen (O 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO 2 ), nitrogendioxide (NO 2 ) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in a twin cylinder diesel engine that are using mahua oil(mo) as a biodiesel with fraction of diesel fuel additive is mixed compared to usage of ordinary diesel that are available in market. 1.3 Scope of Study The following scopes of the project are determined in order to achieve the objectives of the project: a) Analysing fuel consumption. b) Analysing the emission characteristics. 2. Blending Procedure of Biodiesel During the course of present study, the base (diesel) was blended with waste mahua oil (MO) and a fraction of diesel fuel additive for the experimental purposes. The blends are defined as the D100, MODI10%, MODI20%, MODI30%, MODI40%, MODI50%. Figure 5.1. Blended fuel ratios 3. Experimental Setup A twin cylinder 4stroke water cooled diesel engine developing about 7.4KW at 1500 rpm was used for the examination purposes.[2] The specification of the engine is mentioned in Table II. Several kinds offuel blends were prepared for the different purpose of engine test.for the testing, calorific value of diesel is assumed to be MJ/kg and the calorific value for Mahua oil is taken to be MJ/kg. The specific gravity for diesel and Mahua oil is 0.82 and 0.92 respectively. Calculated values for Lower Calorific Value are mentioned in table I. The fuel flow rate was measured on volumetric basis using a burette and a stopwatch.[1] For measurement of exhaust emissions (NO, HC, CO, CO2) through exhaust gas analyser and the smoke opacity was determined using Disesl tune smoke meter. MO = MAHUA OIL Thus totally three set of test fuels MODI10, MODI20, MODI30, MODI40, MODI50 were prepared. The test fuels were shown in fig 5.1 Figure 5.2. MAHUA OIL Figure 5.3. Schematic view of experimental set-up 162

3 Table 5.1. Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Specification Manufacturer Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. Type of engine Vertical, 4-stroke,single cylinder, Diesel Engine Bore 87.5 mm Stroke 110 mm Speed 1500 RPM Rated Power RPM Compression 17.5 : 1 Ratio Cooling Water cooling Medium Fuel Injection (Timing) Injection Pressure 27degree BTDC bar Figure 5.4. Single Cylinder Diesel Engine 4. Diesel Engine Construction and Working: Engine construction The main components of a four stroke diesel engine are cylinder,[8] piston, connecting rod, piston rings, crankshaft, camshaft, crank case, inlet and outlet [9]valve, injector, cylinder head, push rod, gudgeon or piston pin, rocker arm, cam follower, valve spring, bearing, etc., The piston reciprocates inside the cylinder. Piston rings are inserted in the circumferential gtooves of the piston. The cylinder head are bolted together.[10] The reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into rotary motion of the crankshaft by means of a connecting rod and crank. [12]The small end of the connecting rod is connected to the piston by a gudgeon pin or piston pin.[13] The big end of the connecting rod is connected to the crank pin. Crank pin is a bearing surface and it is rigidly fixed to the crank shaft.[14] The crank shaft is mounted on the main bearing. The main bearings are housed in the crank case. Cam shaft is driven by the crankshaft through timing gears. The camshaft actuates the inlet and outlet valves.[15] The valve springs are provided to bring back the valves in the the closed position.[16] The oil sump containing lubrication oil is provided at the bottom of the crankcase. Lubricating[17] oil is circulated to the various parts of the engine from the oil sump. An injector is provided in diesel engines to inject the fuel into hot compressed air compressed during power stroke.[19] 5. Working of diesel (ci) engine In four stroke cycle engines, one working cycle is completed in four stroke of the piston or two[20] revolution of the crankshaft. Hence, it is called four stroke engine.[18] It consists of the following four strokes 1. Suction stroke 2. Compression stroke 3. Power or expansion stroke 4. Exhaust stroke The operation are described below. Suction stroke: During the suction stroke, the piston moves from TDC to BDC.[6] The inlet valve is in open condition where as exhaust valve is closed. When the piston moves from top to bottom, the fresh air is admitted inside the cylinder through inlet valve.[7-11] 5.1Compression Stroke: During the compression stroke, both the inlet and exhaust valves are closed. The piston moves from BDC t TDC to compress the air. In case of CI engine, the compression ratio varies from 12 to 18 : 1. The pressure at the end of compression is 3500 to 4000N/m 2. The temperature of the compressed air reaches 600 to 700 o C. 5.2Power Stroke: During the power stroke, both the inlet and exhaust valves are in the closed position. The piston moves from TDC to BDC. The fuel injector opens just before the beginning of the third stroke; it 163

4 injects the fuel in atomized form. Ignition of the fuel takes place automatically by means of high pressure and temperature air. The pressure and temperature further will increasee due to combustion, it pushes the piston towards down. Thus, it produces power stroke. 5.3Exhaust Stroke: During this stroke, piston moves from BDC to TDC. The inlet valve is in closed and the exhaust valve is opens. It blows out the burnt gases from the cylinder. thus one cycle of operation is compeleted and repeated again in the same manner 6. Conclusions The conclusion derived from present experimental investigation to evaluate performance and emission characteristics on twin cylinder diesel engine fueled with diesel MO blends diesel fuel addtivies are summarized as follows. 1. Brake thermal efficiency increased with all blends when compared to the conventional diesel fuel. 2. The Brake specific fuel consumption is decreased with the blends when compared to diesel. 3. CO, CO 2 and HC emissions are slightly decreased with the blends when compred with diesel. 4. From the above analysis the blend shows the better performance compared to other blends 5. Mechanical efficiency increased with all blends when compared to the conventional diesel fuel. 6. In future we do the distillation process for mahua oil we can achieve the better results compared to these results[19-21] References [1] Brindha G., Emerging trends of telemedicine in India, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i- SUPPL5, pp , [2] Vijayalatha S., Brindha G., Emerging employee retention strategies in it industry, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-8, i-2, pp , [3] Karthik A., Brindha G., Green revolution conversion of offline education to online education, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-8, i- 3, pp , [4] Padminii K., Venkatramaraju D., Brindha G., A Study on Quality of Women Employees in Medical Transcription, Journal of Health Management, v-18, i-1, pp-13-20, [5] Gunaraja T.M., Venkatramaraju D., Brindha G., Organizational climate-pharmaceutical professional, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-7, i- 2, pp , [6] Padminii K., Brindha G., Venkatramaraju D., Quality work life â In medical field, International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, v-7, i-1, pp , [7] Gopalakrishnan K., Prem Jeya Kumar M., Sundeep Aanand J., Udayakumar R., Analysis of static and dynamic load on hydrostatic bearing with variable viscosity and pressure, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl.6, pp , [8] Prem Jeya Kumar M., Sandeep Anand J., Gopalakrishnan K., Satheesh B.., Anbazhagan R., Computer modelling of a vehicle system, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl5, pp , [9] Prem Jeya Kumar M., Gopalakrishnan K., Srinivasan V., Anbazhagan R., Sundeep Aanan J., PC modeling and simulation of car suspension system, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-suppl5, pp , [10] Jeykar K., Srinivasan V., Performance characteristics of twin cylinder Di diesel engine operated with three different non edible vegetable oil blends with diesel, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp , [11] Srinivasan K., Gopikrishnan M., Analysis of a reduced switch three phase BLDC drive, International 164

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