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3 LONG BEACH GAS AND OIL AIR EMISSIONS INVENTORY 2005 Prepared for: PORT OF LONG BEACH Prepared by: Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 5386 NE Falcon Ridge Lane Poulsbo, WA 98370

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5 TABLE OF CONTENTS OBJECTIVES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND EMISSIONS INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT Pollutants of Interest Sources of Emissions Stationary Sources Mobile Sources On-Road Mobile Sources Exhaust Emissions Evaporative Emissions Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Harbor Craft SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A - EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES APPENDIX B - EMISSIONS FROM ON-ROAD MOBILE SOURCES APPENDIX C - EMISSIONS FROM OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT APPENDIX D - HARBOR CRAFT EMISSIONS TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Long Beach Gas and Oil Areas of Operation...2 Figure 2: Long Beach Gas and Oil Distribution of Emissions LIST OF TABLES Table 1: 2005 Long Beach Gas and Oil Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year)... 1 Table 2: Long Beach Gas and Oil Stationary Source Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year)...5 Table 3: EMFAC On-Road Motor Vehicle Classes...6 Table 4: Long Beach Gas and Oil On-Road Motor Vehicle Fleet...7 Table 5: Long Beach Gas and Oil On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year) Table 6: Long Beach Gas and Oil Off-Road Equipment Inventory...11 Table 7: Long Beach Gas and Oil Off-Road Equipment Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year)...12 Table 8: Long Beach Gas and Oil Harbor Craft Inventory Table 9: Long Beach Gas and Oil Harbor Craft Equipment Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year) Table 10: Emissions Summary Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

6 LIST OF ACRONYMS USED IN REPORT CARB CO DPM FBU HAP HC LBGO LBU NOx Pb PM SCAQMD SO2 TAC TOG USEPA VOC California Air Resources Board Carbon Monoxide Diesel Particulate Matter Fault Blocks Unit Hazardous Air Pollutant Hydrocarbon Long Beach Gas and Oil Department Long Beach Unit Oxides of Nitrogen Lead Particulate Matter South Coast Air Quality Management District Sulfur Dioxide Toxic Air Contaminant Total Organic Gases United States Environmental Protection Agency Volatile Organic Compound Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

7 OBJECTIVES The objective of this analysis is to quantify the emissions inventory associated with the operations of the Long Beach Gas and Oil Department (LBGO) in a manner consistent with, and complementary to, the Port-wide emissions inventory for the Port of Long Beach. 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2005 emissions inventory associated with the operations of Long Beach Gas and Oil Department is presented in the table below. It is important to note that while the Port of Long Beach s Port-wide emissions inventory focused exclusively on emissions from mobile sources, stationary sources also have a significant impact on air quality. The emissions of stationary sources, which are monitored, regulated and reported by local air quality agencies, are being included here for the sake of completeness. Table 1: 2005 Long Beach Gas and Oil Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year) TOG CO NOx SO 2 PM 10 Stationary Sources On-Road Mobile Off-Road Equipment Harbor Craft Total In-Port Total Out-of-Port Total Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 1 October 2006

8 2.0 BACKGROUND The Wilmington Oil Field is the third largest in the contiguous United States. Thirteen miles long and three miles wide, the field extends from onshore San Pedro to offshore Seal Beach. 6,150 wells have been drilled to date. The field is divided vertically by faults creating separate producing entities called fault blocks. For the purpose of this analysis, the Long Beach Gas and Oil Department (LBGO) emissions inventory includes emissions from oil production from the West Wilmington Fault Blocks (FBU) and the Long Beach Unit (LBU). LBGO operates the FBU and LBU through its two field contractors Thums and Tidelands Oil. Thums is responsible for the LBU and Tidelands Oil is responsible for the FBU (See Figure 1 below). Figure 1: Long Beach Gas and Oil Areas of Operation Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 2 October 2006

9 THUMS, an acronym of the names of the original consortium of five oil companies; Texaco, Humble, Union, Mobil and Shell, conducts oil and gas production operations from an onshore area on Pier J and four artificial islands located between a few hundred yards to1.5 miles offshore in the Long Beach Harbor. Named after the first astronauts who died in the line of duty in the U.S. space program; Grissom, White, Chaffee, and Freeman were built to resemble resort islands in order to blend in with the surrounding coastal environment. Cumulative production from the Long Beach Unit has surpassed 900 million barrels. In addition to the emission directly associated with oil and gas production, Thums uses a number of harbor craft including crew boats and barges to ferry personnel and equipment to and from the islands. Much of the equipment used in Thums operations, including production and drilling rigs, are owned and operated by subcontractors rather than Thums. Tidelands operates from numerous sites in the Long Beach Harbor District including sites at Piers D, F and G. Because these sites are exclusively on-shore, Tidelands utilizes no harbor craft in their operations. Like Thums, the majority of the equipment at Tidelands operation is owned and operated by subcontractors. Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 3 October 2006

10 3.0 EMISSIONS INVENTORY DEVELOPMENT The inventory for LBGO includes those emissions associated with oil and gas production as well as those emissions attributable to the mobile sources owned or leased by LBGO or by their various subcontractors. Geographically, LBGO operations, and therefore emissions, can subdivided into those emissions occurring in-port and those emanating from out-of-port sources. Emissions associated with FBU operations are classified as in-port while 80% those associated with the LBU are considered out-of-port emissions. This estimate is based on the fact that only one of the five areas of operation is located onshore. 3.1 Pollutants of Interest The U.S. Clean Air Act of 1970 provides special consideration to the class of outdoor air emissions referred to as criteria pollutants. These pollutants include ozone, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and lead. Standards for these pollutants are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) with a particular concern for public health. For this inventory, the following are the pollutants of interest. Total Organic Gases (TOG) includes all organic gas compounds emitted to the atmosphere, including the low reactivity, or "exempt VOC", compounds (e.g., methane, ethane, acetone, perchloroethylene, etc). Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas, produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. When carbon monoxide gets into the body, it combines with chemicals in the blood inhibiting the transport of oxygen to cells, tissues and organs. High-level exposure to carbon monoxide can cause serious health effects, including death. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) are produced from burning fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and coal. Nitrogen oxides react with volatile organic compounds to form smog. Nitrogen oxides are also a major component of acid rain. Particulates or Particulate Matter (PM) includes dust, soot and other tiny bits of solid material that are emitted into, and move around in air. Particulates are produced by many sources, including the burning of diesel fuels by trucks and buses, and by industrial processes such as steel making and mining operations. Diesel particulates can cause eye, nose and throat irritation and other health problems. However, it is the adherence of potential cancer-causing substances such as arsenic, benzene and formaldehyde to carbon in diesel exhaust that prompted CARB in 1998 to list diesel particulate matter (DPM) as a Toxic Air Contaminant (TAC). Particulate matter emissions are categorized by particle size where TSP denotes total suspended particulates, and PM 10 and PM 2.5 refer to particles that are 10 microns or less, and 2.5 microns or less in diameter, respectively. Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) is a gas produced by burning coal or other fuels containing sulfur such as diesel. Some industrial processes, including the production of paper and smelting of metals also produce sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide is closely related to sulfuric acid, and plays an important role in the production of acid rain. Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 4 October 2006

11 3.2 Sources of Emissions In general, emissions sources are divided into two broad categories; stationary and mobile. Stationary Sources are places from which pollutants are released that are relatively permanent with respect to place. Stationary sources include power plants, refineries, gas stations, and incinerators. In contrast, Mobile Sources are movable sources of pollution that include cars and trucks, and construction equipment and forklifts. Mobile sources are further divided into two subgroups: On-Road Vehicles, which include cars and trucks, and Off-Road Equipment, which includes both engines and vehicles, such as construction equipment, and forklifts. The LBGO emissions inventory includes both stationary and mobile sources of emissions, used in both on, and off-road applications Stationary Sources The 1990 federal Clean Air Act Amendments established new permitting and reporting requirements for air polluting facilities. Under Title V of the amendments, facilities that have the potential to emit certain amounts of air pollution are required to apply for and obtain an operating permit, report annual emissions, and pay emission fees. LBGO is required to periodically report the emission rates of its stationary sources to the regional air pollution control agency, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). The 2005 stationary source inventory for LBGO is presented in the table below. Table 2: Long Beach Gas and Oil Stationary Source Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year) TOG CO NOx SO 2 PM10 Water Injection Plant A X & Y Tank Farm Water Injection Plant Z Parcel A West Area Thums Long Beach Company Thums Power Plant Total Mobile Sources On-Road Mobile Sources As mentioned above, on-road mobile sources are those self-propelled vehicles which are typically licensed to operate on California s streets and highways. In California, the emissions from on-road mobile sources are estimated using a sophisticated computer simulation model called EMFAC, an abbreviation of the words EMission and FACtor, developed by the California Air Resources Board over 30 years ago. Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 5 October 2006

12 Because California s efforts to lower emissions from on-road and off-road sources predate the establishment of the USEPA, California is the only state in the U.S. allowed to set emission standards which are more stringent than those imposed by the federal government. Likewise, California is the only state allowed to model pollutant emissions in a manner that differs from that of the USEPA. Similar in structure to the federal MOBILE model developed by USEPA, EMFAC is capable of estimating emission rates which are age, vehicle class, fuel type, process, and pollutant specific, and also reflects various assumptions regarding ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity, and vehicle operations such as speed and time at idle. The latest official version of the EMFAC model is version 2.2 which was released publicly in April of This version of the model was used to develop the on-road emission inventory for LBGO. It should be noted that CARB has announced that a new version of EMFAC will be publicly released in November or Vehicles are certified according to usage and weight. Accordingly, the EMFAC model breaks down the on-road vehicle fleet into 13 distinct vehicle categories (See Table 3 below). LBGO and their subcontractors operate a fleet of 55 vehicles including passenger cars, light trucks, medium-duty vehicles, light-heavy, mediumheavy and heavy-heavy duty trucks. A complete listing of the vehicles included in the LBGO fleet is presented in Table 4. Table 3: EMFAC On-Road Motor Vehicle Classes Vehicle Class Abbreviation Description Vehicle Weight 1 PC Passenger Cars All 2 LDT1 Light-Duty Trucks I 0-3,750 3 LDT2 Light-Duty Trucks II 3,751-5,750 4 MDV Medium-Duty Vehicles 5,751-8,500 5 LHDT1 Light-Heavy-Duty Trucks I 8,501-10,000 6 LHDT2 Light-Heavy-Duty Trucks II 10,001-14,000 7 MHDT Medium-Heavy Duty Trucks 14,001-33,000 8 HHDT Heavy-Heavy Duty Trucks 33,001-60,000 9 LHV Line Haul Vehicles 60, UB Urban Buses All 11 MC Motorcycles All 12 SB School Buses All 13 MH Motor Homes All In general, the movement from lighter to heavier vehicle classifications signifies a diminishing percentage of gasoline powered vehicles and an increase in diesel fueled vehicles. Gasoline powered vehicles tend to emit less NOx and PM on a gram per mile basis compared to diesel powered vehicles, however emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide tend to be comparable or higher. Diesel powered vehicles have no starting or evaporative emissions. Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 6 October 2006

13 Table 4: Long Beach Gas and Oil On-Road Motor Vehicle Fleet ID # Class Make Model Year Mi/Yr Days/Yr Starts/Day Fuel O101 MDV Ford F , Gas O102 MDV Ford F , Gas O103 MDV Ford F , Gas O104 MDV Ford F , Gas O105 MDV Ford F , Gas O106 MDV Ford F , Gas O107 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O108 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O109 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O110 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O111 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O112 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O113 MDV Ford F , Gas O114 MDV Ford F , Gas O115 MDV Ford F , Gas O116 MDV Ford F , Gas O117 MDV Ford F , Gas O118 MDV Ford F , Gas O119 LHDT2 Ford F , Gas O120 LHDT2 Ford F , Gas O121 LHDT2 Ford F , Gas O122 LHDT2 Ford F , Gas O123 LHDT2 Ford F , Gas O124 LHDT2 Ford F , Gas O125 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O126 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O127 LHDT1 Ford F , Gas O128 LHDT2 Ford F , Gas O129 MHDT Ford F , Diesel O130 MHDT Ford F , Diesel O131 MHDT Ford F , Diesel O132 MHDT Ford LN , Diesel O133 MHDT Ford LN , Diesel O134 MHDT Ford F , Diesel O135 MHDT Ford F , Diesel O136 MHDT Ford LNT , Diesel O137 MHDT Ford LT , Diesel O138 MHDT Ford LT , Diesel O139 MHDT Ford LNT , Diesel O149 HHDT International Unknown , Diesel O141 HHDT Peterbuilt Unknown , Diesel O142 HHDT Peterbuilt Unknown , Diesel O143 HHDT Mack Unknown , Diesel O144 HHDT GMC Unknown , Diesel O145 HHDT White Unknown , Diesel O146 MDV Chevrolet 3/4Ton P/U , Gas O147 LDT2 Ford Ranger P/U , Gas O148 LDT2 Ford Ranger P/U , Gas O149 LDT2 Ford Ranger P/U , Gas O150 LHDT1 Chevrolet 2500 P/U , Gas O151 LHDT1 Chevrolet 2500 P/U , Gas O152 LHDT1 Chevrolet 2500 P/U , Gas O153 PC Ford Taurus , Gas O154 LHDT1 Chevrolet Astro Van , Gas O155 LHDT1 Dodge Ram , Gas Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 7 October 2006

14 The emissions inventory for LBGO s on-road motor vehicle fleet was calculated for three exhaust and four evaporative processes. Exhaust Emissions are those that emanate from the vehicle s tailpipe as a consequence of incomplete fuel combustion. The three vehicle operation modes that contribute to exhaust emissions are Starting, Stabilized Running and Idle. For the purpose of this analysis, all exhaust emissions were assumed to occur at an ambient temperature of 75 o F and 50% relative humidity Exhaust Emissions Starting Emissions occur as a consequence of vehicle start-up. During starts, emissions are elevated and this condition persists until the catalyst and oxygen sensor(s) warm up to achieve stiochiometric, closed-loop operation. The longer a vehicle sits between starts (referred to as soak time), the longer it takes to achieve closed-loop operation. The per-vehicle starting emissions for the LBGO fleet were calculated using the following equation: Inventory = BER Starts * Starts/Day * Days/Year * Grams to Tons Conversion Where the BER Starts is the vehicle class, age, and soak time specific, gram per start Basic Emission Rate as reported by the EMFAC model. Specifically, the Impact Rate output of the EMFAC model was used in support of this inventory development. For purposes of this analysis, each gasoline powered vehicle in the LBGO was assumed to experience four starting events per operating day and each start was assumed to be proceeded by a thirty minute soak. The days per year estimates of vehicle operation were provided by LBGO. Stabilized Running Emissions are those which occur once the vehicle s emission control system is fully warmed up. In the stabilized mode emissions tend to drop to near optimal levels. Running emissions are affected by vehicle speed and tend to increase at either extreme. The per-vehicle running emissions were calculated using the following equation: Inventory = BER Running *Miles/Year * Grams to Tons Conversion Where BER Running is the vehicle class, age, fuel type and speed specific, gram per mile basic emission rate as reported by the EMFAC model. All running emissions were assumed to occur at an average of 30 miles per hour which tends to be at the lower point of the speed correction factor curve. The miles per year estimates of vehicle operation were provided by LBGO. Idle Emissions are those which occur while the vehicle s engine is running but is under no load. Exhaust temperatures tend to drop during extended periods of idle and the emission control system may function less efficiently as a consequence. The pervehicle idle emissions for LBGO were calculated using the following equation: Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 8 October 2006

15 Inventory Tons/Year = BER Idle * Hours/Day* Days/Year* Grams to Tons Conversion Where the BER Idle is the vehicle class, age, and fuel type specific gram per hour basic emission rate as reported by the EMFAC model. The estimates of hours of idle per vehicle operating-day and operating days per year were provided by LBGO Evaporative Emissions Evaporative Emissions are hydrocarbons that leak or otherwise diffuse through plastic or rubber components or fittings in the vehicle s fuel storage and/or delivery system. These emissions occur whether the vehicle is running or not. In the EMFAC model, evaporative emissions are separated into four mutually exclusive processes according to those factors influencing fuel evaporation. Diurnal Emissions occur as a result of rising ambient temperatures. The EMFAC model utilizes an area specific, twenty-four hour temperature profile in modeling emissions. The Annual Average temperature profile for Los Angeles County was used to estimate the evaporative emission inventory for the LBGO s on-road motor vehicle fleet. This profile suggests nine hours per day of temperature rise and fifteen hours per day of steady or declining temperatures. The per-vehicle diurnal emissions of the LBGO fleet were calculated using the following equation: Inventory Tons/Year = BER Diurnal * 9 Hours/Day*Days/Year * Grams to Tons Conversion Where the BER Diurnal is the vehicle class, age, and fuel type specific gram per hour basic emission rate as reported by the EMFAC model. Hot Soak emissions occur as vapor escapes from the vehicle immediately following a driving event. Although the engine is turned off, these emissions persist because of high fuel and under-hood temperatures. During hot soak, it is the heat of the engine rather than the sun that is the driving force behind fuel evaporation. The per-vehicle hot soak emissions of the LBGO fleet were calculated using the following equation: Inventory Tons/Year = BER Hot Soak * Starts/Day* Days/Year * Grams to Tons Conversion Where the BER Hot Soak is the vehicle class, age, and fuel type specific gram per hour basic emission rate as reported by the EMFAC model. For purposes of this analysis, each vehicle assumed to have a hot soak event associated with each starting event. Each vehicle in the LBGO fleet was assumed to experience thirty minutes of hot soak following each driving event. Resting Losses are permeation emissions which occur when the vehicle is not been operated and the ambient temperature is either constant or declining. Unlike the other three evaporative processes, resting losses are not pressure driven by a heat source, but are caused by permeation through porous materials. The following equation was used to estimate the per-vehicle resting loss emissions for the LBGO fleet: Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 9 October 2006

16 Inventory Tons/Year = BER Resting *15 Hours/Day* Days/Year* Grams to Tons Conversion Where the BER Resting is the vehicle class, age, and fuel type specific gram per hour basic emission rate as reported by the EMFAC model. As stated earlier, the annual average temperature profile for Los Angeles County contained within the EMFAC model assumes fifteen hours per day of temperature decline. Running Losses are evaporative emissions which occur while the vehicle is being operated. Fuel is heated through circulation by the fuel pump and proximity to the hot engine which result in vapor generation that overwhelms the evaporative emissions control system. The following equation was used to estimate the pervehicle running loss emissions for the LBGO fleet: Inventory Tons/Year = BER Running Loss * 4 Hours/Day * Days/Year * Grams to Tons Conversion Where the BER Running Loss is the vehicle class, age, and fuel type specific gram per hour basic emission rate as reported by the EMFAC model. It was assumed that LBGO vehicles were operated for an average of one hour per trip or four hours per day for each day of operation. Table 5 below presents the on-road mobile source emissions inventory for Long Beach Gas and Oil. Table 5: Long Beach Gas and Oil On-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year) Number TOG CO NOx CO 2 SO 2 PM 10 Passenger Cars Light Duty Truck II Medium Duty Vehicles Light Heavy Truck I Light Heavy Truck II Medium Heavy Trucks Heavy Heavy Trucks Total Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Off-Road mobile sources include a wide variety of internal combustion engines and equipment which are not typically associated with on-highway use. The Air Resources Board developed the OFFROAD emissions inventory estimation model separate from EMFAC in that the emissions calculation methodology for off road equipment tends to vary by equipment category. The OFFROAD model is not publicly available, however, documentation exists which provides the emission rates and methodology necessary to reproduce its functioning. This documentation was used in the preparation of the off-road equipment and harbor craft inventories for the Long Beach Gas and Oil operations. Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 10 October 2006

17 The OFFROAD model contains fifteen broad categories of equipment grouped by size, usage and fuel type. These fifteen categories encompass a wide variety of equipment types ranging from weed eaters to locomotives. The general equipment categories used within the OFFROAD model are listed below. Lawn and Garden Light Commercial Equipment Recreational Equipment Industrial Equipment Construction and Mining Equipment Agricultural Equipment Logging Equipment Drilling Equipment Airport Ground Support Equipment Pleasure Craft Commercial and Government Vessels Transport Refrigeration Units Locomotive and Rail Operations Aircraft Agricultural Aircraft The off-road equipment used by LBGO and their subcontractors tend to fall into either the Industrial, Light Commercial, Construction and Mining, Drilling Equipment, and the Commercial and Government Vessels category. A condensed list of the LBGO off-road equipment inventory is provided in the Table 6 below and a comprehensive description is contained in Appendix D. Table 6: Long Beach Gas and Oil Off-Road Equipment Inventory Equipment Number Avg. MYR Avg. hp Avg. Hrs/Yr Avg. LF Gator Generator Pump Air Compressor Backhoe Forklift Swivel Dozer Workover/Drill Rig Aerial Lift Welder Note: MYR is the Model Year and LF is Load Factor The general equation for estimating emissions from off-road equipment is displayed below: Inventory Tons/Year = EF * hp * LF * Hours/Year * Grams to Tons Conversion Where EF is the Emission Factor, hp is the rated horsepower of the piece of equipment and LF is the load factor expressed as the percentage of rated horsepower experienced under average usage. The emission factor itself is expressed as a linear function according to the following equation: Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 11 October 2006

18 EF = ZHR + DR * Cumulative Hours Were the ZHR is the Zero Hour Emission Rate, the emission rate of the equipment when brand new, and the DR is the Deterioration Rate, or the rate of increase in emissions as a function of usage. The off road equipment used by LBGO is predominately diesel-powered. As such, only the running emissions of these pieces of equipment have been assessed. The equipment descriptions and estimates of operation were provided by LBGO. The emission factors and load factors were obtained from the OFFROAD model documentation. The table below presents the off road equipment emissions inventory for LBGO. Table 7: Long Beach Gas and Oil Off-Road Equipment Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year) Equipment Number TOG CO NOx SO2 PM10 Aerial Lift Air Compressor Backhoe Dozer Forklift Gator Generator Pump Swivel Welder Workover/Drill Rig Total Harbor Craft Thums utilizes a fleet of five harbor craft to transport equipment and personnel to and from various job sites and to assist in other routine operations. These vessels, classified as either Towboats or Crew Boats, are each equipped with two propulsion and two auxiliary engines (See table below). The vessel specifications were provided by LBGO and the emissions and load factors were obtained from the OFFROAD model documentation and the 2002 Portwide emissions inventory prepared for the Port of Long Beach by Starcrest Consulting Group. Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 12 October 2006

19 Table 8: Long Beach Gas and Oil Harbor Craft Inventory Vessel Name Class Eng Type Model Yr. Horsepower Hrs/Yr LF Arapahoe Towboat Propulsion Propulsion Auxiliary Auxiliary Cabrillo Towboat Propulsion Propulsion Auxiliary Auxiliary Ford Crew boat Auxiliary Auxiliary Propulsion Propulsion Redondo Towboat Auxiliary Auxiliary Propulsion Propulsion Ranger Crew boat Propulsion Propulsion Auxiliary Auxiliary The equation used to estimate the emissions from LBGO s harbor craft is displayed below: InventoryTons/Year = ER * hp * LF * Hours/Year * Grams to Tons Conversion Where ER is the Emission Rate, hp is the rated horsepower of the engine and LF is the load factor expressed as the percentage of rated horsepower experienced under average usage. The emission rate for harbor craft differs from the emission factor used for off-road equipment in that no deterioration is assumed for harbor craft emissions. Both the propulsion and auxiliary engines used in the LBGO harbor craft fleet are diesel powered. Therefore, only running exhaust emissions were calculated in support of the inventory development. LBGO s harbor craft emissions inventory is presented in the following table. Table 9: Long Beach Gas and Oil Harbor Craft Equipment Emissions Inventory (Tons per Year) Vessel Eng Type TOG CO NOx SO 2 PM 10 Arapahoe Propulsion Auxiliary Cabrillo Propulsion Auxiliary Ford Propulsion Auxiliary Redondo Propulsion Auxiliary Ranger Propulsion Auxiliary Total Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 13 October 2006

20 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The 2005 emissions inventory of Long Beach Gas and Oil operations are dominated by stationary sources for two pollutants, total organic gases (64%) and sulfur dioxide (66%), while off-road equipment contributes the majority of all other pollutants (65% of NOx, 81% of CO and 63% of PM). LBGO s fleet of on-road vehicles and harbor craft contribute only marginally to these totals (less than 10% of any one pollutant). Approximately 40% to 70% of the emissions associated with LBGO operations occur out-of-port depending upon the pollutant of interest. Figure 2: Long Beach Gas and Oil Distribution of Emissions 100% 90% 80% Percent of Total Inventory 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% TOG CO NOx SO2 PM10 In-Port Out-of-Port Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 14 October 2006

21 Table 10: Emissions Summary L O N G B E A C H G A S A N D O I L ( ) T H U M S T I D E L A N D S On-Road Mobile (Tons/Year) On-Road Mobile (Tons/Year) Count Model Year VMT/Year TOG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM10 Count Model Year VMT/Year TOG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM10 THUMS TIDELANDS PC , PC LDT , LDT MDV , MDV , LHDT , LHDT , LHDT LHDT , MHDT MHDT , HHDT HHDT , Total 10 47, , Average (gram/mile) , Average (gram/mile) , Off-Road Equipment Off-Road Equipment THUMS Count Model Year HP-Hours TOG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM10 TIDELANDS Count Model Year HP-Hours TOG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM10 Aerial Lift , Aerial Lift Air Compressor , Air Compressor Backhoe ,284, Backhoe , Dozer Dozer , Forklift , Forklift , Gator , Gator Generator , Generator Pump ,553, Pump , Swivel ,465, Swivel Welder Welder , Workover Rig ,501, Workover/Drill Rig ,084, Total 66 27,829, Total 24 6,840, Average (grams/hp-hr) , Average (grams/hp-hr) , Harborcraft Harborcraft THUMS Count Model Year Hours/Year TOG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM10 TIDELANDS Count Model Year Hours/Year TOG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM10 Towboat , Towboat Crewboat , Crewboat Total 5 31, Total Average (grams/hour) , Average (grams/hour) THUMS In Port TIDELANDS In Port On-Road Mobile On-Road Mobile Off-Road Equipment Off-Road Equipment Harborcraft Harborcraft Total Total THUMS Out of Port TIDELANDS Out of Port On-Road Mobile On-Road Mobile Off-Road Equipment Off-Road Equipment Harborcraft Harborcraft Total Total Total Total Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC 15 October 2006

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23 APPENDIX A EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY SOURCES Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

24 Table A.1: City of Long Beach, Department of Gas and Oil (LBGO) Emissions in Tons/Year Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

25 APPENDIX B EMISSIONS FROM ON-ROAD MOBILE SOURCES Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

26 Table B.1: THUMS On-Road Vehicle List ID # License # Port Equip EMFAC Equipment Equipment Model Annual VMT Starts Hours of PTO Working Days Fuel Use EMFAC Geographical Parameters Type Vehicle Class make Model Year (miles/year) (per day) Usage (hr/yr) (days/yr) or Vendor Factor Area Month/Season EB3204 5V43041 Pickup truck MDV Chevrolet 3/4 Ton P/U , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EM8131 7H59736 Pickup truck LDT2 Ford Ranger P/U , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EM8132 7J14313 Pickup truck LDT2 Ford Ranger P/U , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EM8133 7J14314 Pickup truck LDT2 Ford Ranger P/U , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EG3974 6G45272 Pickup truck LHDT1 Chevrolet 2500 P/U , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EG3975 6G45279 Pickup truck LHDT1 Chevrolet 2500 P/U , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EG3978 6G45281 Pickup truck LHDT1 Chevrolet 2500 P/U , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EG3982 4DWR379 Pickup truck PC Ford Taurus , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual EG3985 4WNX823 Van LHDT1 Chevrolet Astro Van , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual Monthly Pickup truck LHDT1 Dodge Ram , N/A 260 Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual Table B.2: THUMS On-Road Emissions Inventory Vehicle Start Running Evaporative Total Start Running Total Start Running Total Start Running Total Start Running Total Start Running Tires Brakes Total ID # ROG ROG ROG ROG CO CO CO NOx NOx NOx CO2 CO2 CO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 PM PM PM PM PM Fuel gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gal/yr EB , , , , , , , , ,390, ,435, EM , , , ,389, ,417, EM , , , ,772, ,800, EM , , , ,405, ,433, EG , , , , , , , ,899, ,953, EG , , , , , , , , ,651, ,705, EG , , , , , ,504, ,558, EG , , , , , , EG , , , , , , , ,522, ,580, Monthly , , , , , , , Total (lbs/year) , , , Total (tons/year) Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

27 Table B.3: Emission Factors Version : Emfac2002 V2.2 Apr Emission Factors Reactive Organic Gases CO NOx CO2 SO2 Particulate Matter (<=10 microns) Exhaust Hot Soak Diurnal Resting Loss Running Loss Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust Tire Wear Brake Wear Fuel Economy EB EM EM EM EG EG EG EG EG Monthly Starting Emissions (grams/start) ROG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

28 Table B.4: TIDELANDS On-Road Vehicle List ID # ID # Idle EMFAC Equipment Equipment Model Annual VMT Operating days Starts Hours of PTO Fuel Use EMFAC Geographical Parameters hsr/day Vehicle Class make Model Year (miles/year) (days/yr) (per day) Usage (hr/yr) or Vendor Factors? Area Month/Season O101 O1 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O102 O2 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O103 O3 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O104 O4 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O105 O5 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O106 O6 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O107 M1 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O108 M2 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O109 M3 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O110 M4 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O111 M5 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O112 M6 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O113 E1 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O114 E2 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O115 E3 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O116 E4 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O117 E5 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O118 E6 N/A MDV Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O119 CP1 N/A LHDT2 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O120 CP2 N/A LHDT2 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O121 CP3 N/A LHDT2 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O122 CP4 N/A LHDT2 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O123 CP5 N/A LHDT2 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O124 CP6 N/A LHDT2 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O125 W1 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O126 W2 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O127 W3 N/A LHDT1 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O128 W4 N/A LHDT2 Ford F , N/A Gasoline EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O129 BT MHDT Ford F , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O130 BT MHDT Ford F , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O131 BT MHDT Ford F , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O132 BT MHDT Ford LN , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O133 BT MHDT Ford LN , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O134 BT MHDT Ford F , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O135 BT MHDT Ford F , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O136 VT MHDT Ford LNT , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O137 VT MHDT Ford LT , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O138 VT MHDT Ford LT , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O139 VT MHDT Ford LNT , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O149 VT HHDT International Unk , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O141 VT HHDT Peterbuilt Unk , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O142 VT HHDT Peterbuilt Unk , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O143 DUMPTRK 1.00 HHDT Mack Unk , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O144 H2OTRK 1.00 HHDT GMC Unk , Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual O145 SEMITRK 1.00 HHDT White Unk , N/A Diesel EMFAC Los Angeles Annual Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

29 Table B.5: TIDELANDS On-Road Emissions Inventory IDLE EMISSIONS Vehicle Start/Idle Running Evaporative Total Start/Idle Running Total Start/Idle Running Total Start/Idle Running Total Start Running Total Start/Idle Running Tires Brakes Total ID # ROG ROG ROG ROG CO CO CO NOx NOx NOx CO2 CO2 CO2 SO2 SO2 SO2 PM PM PM PM PM Fuel gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gms/yr gal/yr O , , , , , , , , , , ,903, ,948, , O , , , , , , , , , , ,903, ,948, , O , , , , , , , , , , ,472, ,520, , O , , , , , , , , , , ,472, ,520, , O , , , , , , , , , , ,472, ,520, , O , , , , , , , , , , ,472, ,520, , O107 5, , , , , , , , , , , ,691, ,750, O108 5, , , , , , , , , , , ,691, ,750, O109 1, , , , , , , , , , , ,691, ,750, O110 1, , , , , , , , , , , ,691, ,750, O111 2, , , , , , , , , , , ,691, ,750, O112 2, , , , , , , , , , , ,691, ,750, O113 1, , , , , , , , , , , ,881, ,933, O114 1, , , , , , , , , , , ,841, ,892, O115 1, , , , , , , , , , , ,554, ,600, O116 1, , , , , , , , , , , ,554, ,600, O , , , , , , , , , ,576, ,623, O , , , , , , , , , ,788, ,837, O119 5, , , , , , , , , , , ,385, ,443, O120 2, , , , , , , , , , ,385, ,443, O121 2, , , , , , , , , , ,385, ,443, O , , , , , , , , ,385, ,443, O , , , , , , , , ,385, ,443, O , , , , , , , , ,385, ,443, O125 5, , , , , , , , , , , ,987, ,046, O , , , , , , , , ,987, ,046, O , , , , , , , , ,987, ,046, O128 2, , , , , , , , , , ,987, ,046, O , , , , , , , , , ,439, ,446, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,439, ,446, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,439, ,446, , , O , , , , , , , , , ,439, ,446, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,439, ,446, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,439, ,446, , , O , , , , , , , , , ,439, ,446, , , O , , , , , , , , , ,352, ,359, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,352, ,359, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,352, ,359, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,352, ,359, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,093, ,100, , , , , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,093, ,100, , , , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,093, ,100, , , , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,280, ,287, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,319, ,325, , , , O , , , , , , , , , ,342, ,349, , , , , , Total (lbs/yea , , , , , , , , , Total (tons/year) Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

30 Table B.6: Emission Factors Version : Emfac2002 V2.2 Apr Reactive Organic Gases CO NOx CO2 SO2 Particulate Matter (<=10 microns) Starting Emissions (grams/start) Exhaust Hot Soak Diurnal Resting Loss Running Loss Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust Exhaust Tire Wear Brake Wear Fuel Economy ROG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM10 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

31 Table B.7: Emission Factors Idle Emissions (grams/hour) ROG CO NOx CO2 SO2 PM Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

32 [Page Intentionally Left Blank]

33 APPENDIX C EMISSIONS FROM OFF-ROAD EQUIPMENT Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

34 Table C.1: Off-Road Equipment Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

35 Table C.1: Off-Road Equipment (cont) Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

36 Table C.1: Off-Road Equipment (cont) Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006

37 Table C.1: Off-Road Equipment (cont) Starcrest Consulting Group, LLC October 2006