LNG. DME Ethane. Coal Slurry MSAR. Biofuel ULSFO (Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel Oil) Methanol Glycerine Hydrogen

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1 LPG Gasoline HFO LNG Marine fuels beyond LNG Methanol as an alternative? Date and time 7th June 2017 at 3 pm Place Maritime centre for research and innovation Elsfleth DME Ethane Distillates Biofuel ULSFO (Ultra Low Sulphur Fuel Oil) Methanol Glycerine Hydrogen Coal Slurry MSAR Kjeld Aabo Customer support MAN Diesel & Turbo Copenhagen, Den MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 1 >

2 Design and R&D Copenhagen, Denmark Design of Two- Stroke Engines Production of Spare Parts PrimeServ Academy R&D Center Diesel House Employees ( ) : 1,250 MAN Diesel & Turbo Dorthe Jacobsen Future fuels and lubes pre- and post < 2 >

3 Two-stroke Marine Engine Manufacturing by Licenseesr MAN B&W two-stroke engines from the 30 to 95-cm bore sizes have a total power range from 1,560 kw to 82,440 kw, with units that vary in height from 5,912 to 16,156 mm. MAN Diesel & Turbo Dorthe Jacobsen Future fuels and lubes pre- and post < 3 >

4 Two-stroke Low Speed Engines Marine engines All available as dual fuel engine. Designated ME-GI or ME-LGI MAN Diesel & Turbo < 4 >

5 Technology Trends for New Ships Mega CV, VLCC, VLOC, VLGC vs smaller vessels? Hull Line Optimising vs Propeller Speed Optimising? Global Sulphur Cap - Gas, High S or Low S Fuel? With or Without TIII Equipment? Digitalisation on the way Better Efficiency and Lower Cost is called for. MAN Diesel & Turbo GGK Company Presentation 2016 < 5 >

6 New IMO emission regulation Sulphur SECA and NOx NECA controlled areas. SECA: Max. 0.1% sulphur in the fuel after 1st. of Jan NECA: Max. 3.4 g NOx / kwh after the 1st. of Jan MAN Diesel & Turbo < 6 >

7 MAN Diesel & Turbo: As Provider of engine Technology we need to : Design engines able to run on all commercially available marine fuels. LNG, LPG, Methanol, Ethane and. Develop technology for retrofit, so ship owners can change fuel type through the lifetime of the ship. MAN Diesel & Turbo Dorthe Jacobsen Future fuels and lubes pre- and post < 7 >

8 What Fuel will be used in 2020 and Beyond? MC/ME/-C engine Single Fuel: MGO MC/ME/-C engine Diesel fuels: HFO/MDO + Scrubber ME-GI / ME-LGI engine Dual Fuel: LNG/Ethane and MGO LPG / MeOH.. Three basic options available for different levels of fuel flexibility. MAN Diesel & Turbo Dorthe Jacobsen Future fuels and lubes pre- and post < 8 >

9 Methanol Biofuel LPG Influencing Factors on Fuel Choice CAPEX and OPEX Fuel price Legislation Fuel choice Distillates Heavy fuel ULSFO LNG Ethane Sustainability of fuels Flexibility (dual fuel) Logistics MAN Diesel & Turbo Dorthe Jacobsen Future fuels and lubes pre- and post < 9 >

10 Fuel Types Residual Distillates ULSFO Methane Methanol LPG Ethane Biofuel (2 nd +3 rd gen.) MAN Diesel & Turbo supports all MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 10 >

11 Fuel price development $/GJ 40 Fuel prices MGO (Rotterdam) 20 Methanol (US)* HFO (Rotterdam) * US Export prices LNG (US)* Propane (US)* Data retrieved end March 2017 Source: Børsen, Bunkerindex, EIA & Methanex MAN Diesel & Turbo SAKL/EELCC < 11 >

12 A dual fuel hat trick 3 x World s first duel fuel driven ships equipped with MAN B&W engines World s first NG driven ocean going ship Owner: TOTE Ship type: Container ship Capacity: 3,100 Teu Dual Fuel engine type: 8L70ME-C8.2-GI In service 2015 World s first methanol driven ocean going ship Owner: MOL Ship type: Methanol carrier Capacity: 50,000 dwt Dual fuel engine type: 7S50ME-B9.3-LGI In service 2016 World s first ethane driven ocean going ship Owner: Hartmann Schifffahrt Ship type: LEG Carrier Capacity: 36,000 M 3 Dual Fuel engine type: 7G50ME-C9.5-GIE In service 2016 MAN Diesel & Turbo < 12 >

13 Remaining Oil Reserves BP (2010): Oil consumption: 4028 x 10 6 tonnes/year Oil production: 3913 x 10 6 tonnes/year World reserves: 188,8 x 10 9 tonnes/year Years of consumption: /4 028 = 47 years Proven reserves in billions of barrels, Source Oil & Gas Journal MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 13 >

14 Fuel Price development Predictions from some specialists MAN Diesel & Turbo GGK Company Presentation 2016 < 14 >

15 Alternative Fuels NOx SOx PM CO 2 LNG 20-30% 90-97% 40-90% 24% LPG 10-15% 90-97% 40-90% 10% Methanol 30-50% 90-97% 40-90% 5% DME* 30-50% 100% 40-90% NA Compared with Tier II engines on HFO * based on expectations MAN Diesel & Turbo < 15 >

16 Clean LNG supply Coming to Liner Ports within 3-5 Years MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 16 >

17 Methanol Demand Applications Feedstock: Abundant/Sustainable Market: Large/Diverse Courtesy of Methanex MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 17 >

18 Methanol Infrastructure is Well Positioned to supply the global marine industry Courtesy of Methanex MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 18 >

19 ME-LGI Fuel properties Below table shows the properties of some different liquid gas fuels with Diesel as a reference. Compared to Diesel the viscosity of the fuels is much lower hence lubrication, of the moving parts, will be necessary. In general the flash point is below 60⁰C except for Diesel. At atmospheric conditions LPG and DME is in the gas phase. Fuel LPG* DME Methanol Ethanol Diesel Liquid density (kg/m3) Lower heating value (MJ/kg) Boiling temperature(⁰c at 1bar) -43-(-1) Vapour pressure (bar at 20⁰C) <1 Critical temperature (⁰C) Kinematic viscosity (cst at 20⁰C) Bulk modulus (bar at 50⁰C and PSupply) * LPG is a mixture of primarily Propane (left) and Butane (right). MAN Diesel & Turbo < 19 >

20 ME-GI engine GI components MAN Diesel & Turbo < 20 >

21 Dual fuel concept ME-GI vs. ME-LGI Difference between ME-GI and ME-LGI Only the fuel injection and fuel supply system. ME-GI : High pressure supply system Common rail type injection Necessary injection pressure 300bar (Methane) -380bar (Ethane) Fuel types: Methane, Ethane ME-LGI : Low pressure supply system ME type injection, i.e. concept similar to conventional HFO injectors Necessary injection pressure bar Using pressure booster to lower the supply pressures Fuel types: Methanol, Ethanol, LPG, DME MAN Diesel & Turbo < 21 >

22 ME-GI Concept Combustion Concept 1 Direct injection of pilot oil and gas Yellow = pilot oil Blue = gas 2 Conventional slide fuel valve Gas fuel valve 4 4 Gas distribution channel Gas block Gas chain link double-walled pipes 6 MAN Diesel & Turbo LRJ/LDR < 22 >

23 ME-LGI Hydraulic supply LGI FBIV High-pressure fuel pipes LGI block LFL Supply ELFI Hydraulic accumulator FBIV MAN Diesel & Turbo LSS < 23 >

24 ME-LGI FBIV Injection principle with LFL Principle Hydraulic oil in Hydraulic oil out LFL LFL fuel valve LFL 8-40 bar supply pressure Slide valve Ready LFL boosting & injection LFL suction MAN Diesel & Turbo LSS < 24 >

25 What is the ME-GI Engine? The ME-GI is derived from the industry standard M series of engines More than 22,000 M engines in service Diesel-cycle high fuel efficiency ~50% versus much lower for other engine types High fuel flexibility burns all gas grades without derating. Burns all fuel types High reliability same as fuel engines No derating because of knocking danger Negligible Methane GHG slip No Formaldehyde formation in exhaust MAN Diesel & Turbo GGK Company Presentation 2016 < 25 >

26 ME-GI / ME-LGI Gas Fuel Mode Port to port in dual fuel mode Fuel oil only mode Operation profile as conventional engine Dual fuel operation mode No fuel slip No knocking problems Insensitive to gas fuel Unchanged load response News: Reduced pilot oil amount 5% 3% Reduced min. load on gas 10% load MAN Diesel & Turbo RSL-LSP < 26 >

27 Requirement: Fuel Gas Supply System & Liquid Fuel Gas Supply System ME-GI Medium Natural gas 300 Delivery pressure (barg) Ethane gas Delivery pressure tolerance ±2.0bar Delivery temperature 45 ±10 C ME-LGI Medium LPG 50 Methanol & Ethanol 8 Delivery pressure tolerance ±0.5bar Delivery temperature 45 ± 10 C Delivery pressure (barg) MAN Diesel & Turbo < 27 >

28 FGSS for Different Fuels Initially Installed Equipment ME-GI Available Initially for NG and installed Ethane equipment ME-LGI Available for LPG and Methanol MAN Diesel & Turbo KEA < 28 >

29 Pictures Eltronic GVT FAT test completed MAN Diesel & Turbo < 29 >

30 Pictures Alfa laval LPG supply system FAT test completed MAN Diesel & Turbo < 30 >

31 Reference List - MAN B&W Dual Fuel 2 stroke Diesel Engines 165 x ME-GI, LNG 9 x ME-LGI Methanol 3 x ME-GI Ethane ME-GI (Gas Injection) & ME-LGI (Liquid Gas Injection) ME-GI = Dual Fuel Done Right MAN Diesel & Turbo OG-LS GGK Company Presentation 2016 < 31 >

32 Dual fuel Gas engine reference list Engine type ME-GI No. of vsl. No. of opt. vsl. No. of eng. Engine Mk Gas Ship Type Cap. Unit Owner Builder Yard Hull no. Delivery year L 70 ME-C 8.2 GI Container 3100 TEU Tote Maritime Doosan NASSCO TOTE6495/ L 28/32 DF GenSets Doosan Teekay LNG G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM Hyundai partners S 90 ME-C 10.5 GI Container 3600 TEU Matson Hyundai DSME Aker Philadelphia "APSI DW2407/08/11/16/ 17/53/54/55/61# APSI 029/ G 50 ME-C 9.5 GI Container 1431 TEU Brodosplit Brodosplit Brodosplit 476 (477, 478, 499) L 28/32 DF GenSets Not decided 4 5 L 28/32 DF GenSets Not decided Knutsen OAS G 70 ME-C 9.2 GI LNG tanker CBM Hyundai HHI-SBD 2733 /2734 # Shipping S 70 ME-C 8.2 GI Con-Ro 2400 TEU Crowley MES VT Halter 2022, L 28/32 DF GenSets STX-E S 50 ME-C 8.2 GI LPG tanker CBM Navigator Gas Hyundai Jiangnan H G 70 ME-C 9.2 GI LNG tanker CBM Elcano MES Imabari 8177/ 8188 # L 35/44 DF GenSets MAN S 70 ME-C 7 GI LNG tanker CBM Nakilat MDT NKOM (Retrofit) S 50 ME-C 8.2 GI LNG PCTC 3800 SSC* UECC KHI NACKS NE212/ G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM BW Gas Doosan DSME G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM SK Shipping Doosan Samsung H.2435/H.2436 #1+2 SN2153/4P1, SN2153/4P SSC*: standard sized cars MAN Diesel & Turbo 05/08/2016 RASA/LSP < 32 >

33 Dual fuel Gas engine reference list Engine type ME-GI No. of vsl. No. of opt. vsl. No. of eng. Engine Mk Gas Tier III Ship Type Cap. Unit Owner Builder Yard Hull no G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM Korea Line Corp. "KLC" Hyundai G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM Hyundai LNG Doosan DSME G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM Sea Tankers Doosan DSME G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM Maran Gas Hyundai DSME DSME H.2449/H.2450 #1+2 H.2451/H.2452 #1+2 H.2447/H.2448 #1+2 DW2456/57/58/ 59 # G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI EGR LS LNG tanker CBM BP Doosan DSME 2441/2/3/4/5/ G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM Chandris Doosan DSME H.2460/H.2464 # G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LP SCR LNG tanker CBM Flex LNG Doosan Samsung 2107/2108 # G 70 ME-C 9.5 GI LNG tanker CBM Teekay LNG partners Hyundai HSHI S856/ G 45 ME-C 9.5 GI Bulk Carrier DWT ESL Shipping STX Qingshan QS / L 23/30 DF GenSets CMP 8 8 L 23/30 DF GenSets CMP G 50 ME-C 9.5 GI Product tanker DWT POSCO-ILSHIN Hyundai HMD HMD Delivery year Total ME-GI engine Total DF Gensets 148 Engines 53 Gensets Total Dual fuel - GI, LGI & GI/E 165 engines Total power main engine - GI, LGI & GI/E 3.02 GW MAN Diesel & Turbo 05/08/2016 RASA/LSP < 33 >

34 Dual fuel Methanol engine reference list Engine type ME-LGI No. of vsl. No. of opt. vsl. No. of eng. Engine Mk Gas Ship Type Cap. Unit Owner Builder Yard Hull no. Delivery year S 50 ME-B 9.3 LGI Methanol Carrier DWT Mitsui O.S.K Lines MES Minami Nippon M-750/752/ G 50 ME-B 9.3 LGI Methanol Carrier DWT Westfal-Larsen Hyundai HMD HMD2503/ G 50 ME-B 9.3 LGI Methanol Carrier DWT Marinvest Hyundai HMD HMD2504/ Total ME - LGI engine 9 Engines Total Dual fuel - GI, LGI & GI/E 165 engines Total power main engine - GI, LGI & GI/E 3.02 GW MAN Diesel & Turbo 05/08/2016 RASA/LSP < 34 >

35 Dual fuel Ethane engine reference list Engine type ME-GI / Ethane No. of vsl. No. of opt. vsl. No. of eng. Engine Mk Gas Tier III Ship Type Cap. Unit Owner Builder Yard Hull no. Delivery year G 50 ME-C 9.5 GI/E Ethane Gas Carrier CBM Hartmann Schiffahrt/ Ocean Yield MES Sinopacific Offshore S1034/S1035/ S G 60 ME-C 9.5 GI/E EGR LS Ethane Gas Carrier CBM Jaccar/ Hartmann HHI DSIC G85K- 01/02/03/04/ Total ME - GI/E engine 8 Engines Total Dual fuel - GI, LGI & GI/E 165 engines Total power main engine - GI, LGI & GI/E 3.02 GW MAN Diesel & Turbo 05/08/2016 RASA/LSP < 35 >

36 NO x Reduction Technologies Available Methods Possible NO x Reduction 0% 50% 100% After Treatment SCR, HP or LP EGR, HP or LP Primary method Emulsion fuel Water injection Engine tuning Tier III SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction System; EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation System Combination of Methods also being pursued MAN Diesel & Turbo GGK Company Presentation 2016 < 36 >

37 Tier III NO x Control Technologies Tier III compliance for MAN B&W two-stroke engines EGR On-Engine SCR High-Pressure SCR Low-Pressure Use of low-sulphur fuels is standard for all three technologies. Optional version for HFO use for EGR and HP SCR. MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 37 >

38 What will we see in 2020 and beyond at the Marine Marked.? More use of Scrubbers and HFO together. Many different residuals/diesel 0.5% sulphur fuel-oils. More vessels using LNG, LPG, methanol, ethane But how much depends on price and availability. Challenges with new fuels, and we need to be prepare and ready to adapt designs, lubes, auxiliary systems, We need to be alert to new Fuels and prepare new CIMAC Fuel recommendations and ISO standards will be a period of uncertainty before the fuel winners and losers become clear. MAN Diesel & Turbo Future Fuels < 38 >

39 All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions. MAN Diesel & Turbo GGK Company Presentation 2016 < 39 >