LPG. Future-proof with ME-LGIP Dual fuel done right, again. Thomas S. Hansen Promotion & Customer Support 2rd October 2018

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1 Glimpse the future

2 LPG Future-proof with ME-LGIP Dual fuel done right, again Thomas S. Hansen Promotion & Customer Support 2rd October 2018

3 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine First ME-LGIP order EXMAR, Belgian energy-supply-chain provider ,000 m 3 VLGCs (very large gas carriers) Hanjin Heavy Industries, Philippines Charter: EQUINOR MAN B&W 6G60ME-LGIP Mk. 9.5 main engines EXMAR and MAN Energy Solutions initiated investigation of LPG retrofit in 2009 HAZID completed in 2012 First inquiry from EXMAR in 2014 Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

4 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Orders including options and engines in service No. of engines Engine type Mk. Gensets 5 S 90 ME-C-GI G 90 ME-C-Gl 9.5, S 80 ME-C-GI S 70 ME-C-GI 7, 8.2, x 9L28/32 DF 148 G 70 ME-C-GI 9.2, 9.5, x 7L35/44 DF 5 L 70 ME-C-GI x 9L28/32 DF 2 S 60 ME-C-GI S 50 ME-C-GI 8.2, G 50 ME-C-GI x 7L28/32 DF / 4 x 5L28/32 DF 4 G 45 ME-C-GI X 5L23/30 DF / 8 x 8L23/30 DF 11 G 50 ME-B/ME-C LGIM 9.3, 9.5, S 50 ME-B-LGIM G 60 ME-C-GIE G 50 ME-C-GIE G 60 ME-C-LGIP 10.5 Total dual fuel engines including options Total power main engine Total dual fuel two-stroke in service 244 engines 4.9 GW 55 engines Methane Ethane Methanol LPG Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

5 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Regulation a driving factor for engine development Today, focus is on SO x and NO x : NO x reduction is achieved with EGR and SCR SO x reduction is achieved with MGO, LFSO, scrubber, LNG, methanol and LPG In the future, we will see a growing focus on CO 2, methane slip and VOC: 40% reduction of carbon intensity per transport work by 2030 and 70% by 2050 compared with % reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ocean shipping by 2050 compared with 2008 Reduction of methane slip emissions Diesel cycles Reduction of VOC emissions ME-LGIP Our dual fuel done right engine technology is well suited to support such goals Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

6 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Why consider LPG as a fuel? LPG is widely accepted Meets SO x requirement (max. 0.1 % sulphur) Potential fuel cost savings (cheaper than MGO) Similar in first cost when compared to a downstream SO x scrubber solution Speculation in future fuel cost variation An easy retrofit solution ME-C engines can potentially be retrofitted Limits the risk of oil spills, especially important when operating in sensitive marine areas Using LPG as the primary fuel means a reduction of EEDI of up to 13% or up to 20% higher engine power with retained EEDI Savings in both time and fees for fuel bunkering, and fewer port calls Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

7 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine New fuels - emissions NO x SO x PM CO 2 LNG 20-30% 90-99% 90% 24% LPG 10-15% % 90% 13-18% Methanol 30-50% 90-97% 90% 5% Ethane 30-50% 90-97% 90% 15% Compared with Tier II engines on HFO Based on estimates Tier III can be met with EGR or SCR Note: For methanol, Tier III can be met by blending with water Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

8 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Two-stroke market Dual fuel contracting of total contracting % - DF Engines of Total Two-Stroke Contracting 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % - DF Engine Development of Two-Stroke Shipbuilding Contracting (#Ships) Vessel Contract Year Tankers VLCC's Bulkers Container vessels LNGC LPGC (LPG as Fuel) Total Jan 2018 Source: FMS/Dept EELC Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

9 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Two-stroke market Dual fuel contracting of total contracting Highest thermal efficiency Lowest unburned hydrocarbons Largest range of available fuel types Best controlled combustion under all dynamic and ambient conditions Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

10 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Gas mode and cylinder lubrication of the ME-LGIP Gas mode >10% Pilot oil consumption <3% Recommended to switch from low-bn to 1% Se Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

11 How will STX HI test the first ME-LGIP engine for VLGC? LGIP Test Facility Arrangement Master Plan for 1 st 6G60ME-C9.5 LGIP FVT Single wall Pipe LFSS

12 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine ME-LGIP auxiliaries process overview Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

13 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine LR1 tanker ME-LGIP auxiliaries Low-flashpoint fuel supply system - PU Knock-out drum Fuel storage tank Fuel prep room Fuel storage Fuel valve train Nitrogen purging system Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

14 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Possible to increase SMCR with dual fuel engines The following equation is derived from the EEDI equation and the assumptions stated: PP MMMMMM,gggggg = PP MMMMMM,oooooo CC FF,oooooo LLLLLL gggggg CC FF,gggggg LLLLLL oooooo 3 2 Numerical example based on an oil powered vessel that just complies with EEDI with an SMCR of 10,000 kw: PP MMMMMM,LLLLLL = 10,000 kkkk = 12,260 kkkk Assumptions: Propulsion power follows propeller law (P = k x n 3 ) Engine efficiency is the same in oil and gas mode Gas tank energy content > 50% of total fuel tank energy content (so gas is considered the primary fuel)

15 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine LSHFO, HFO and scrubber vs. LPG Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

16 The new MAN B&W ME-LGIP engine Volatile organic compounds as fuel on crude oil carriers VLCC & shuttle tankers Advantages of the ME-LGIP: Lower VOC emissions Lower fuel oil costs Lower engine exhaust emissions VOC is emitted to the atmosphere during buoy loading VOC is collected and ready to be used as engine fuel in ME-LGIP Rene Sejer Laursen ME-LGPI event

17 Pioneering LGIP Technologies Confirmed at Research Centre Copenhagen (RCC)

18 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Gas Engine Technologies Development MAN B&W ME-LGIP engines are dual fuelled by LPG ME-LGIP with P for propane Propane C3H8 Propane is normally the main content in LPG The ME-LGIP engine development are based on latest dual fuel engine developments: ME-LGIM with methanol as dual fuel ME-GI with methane or ethane as dual fuel Butane C4H10 Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

19 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept Cylinder cover with LPG injection valve and gas block Valve control block: ELWI-valve (fuel pressurization) ELGI-valve (injection timing) Hydraulic accumulator Hydraulic and sealing oil connections Double wall gas piping: LPG inlet LPG return Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

20 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept Simulation of injection profiles: Constant pressure and different temperatures results in delay of injection Injection delay Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

21 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept Simulation of injection profiles: Constant pressure and different temperatures results in delay of injection Different composition of LPG results in delay of injection Injection delay Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

22 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept Simulation of injection profiles: Constant pressure and different temperatures results in delay of injection Different composition of LPG results in delay of injection Solved by independent control of cut-off shaft in FBIV No injection delay Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

23 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept Function in steps: ELWI activates and boost pressure increases and non-return valve opens LPG continues filling and pressurizing against cut-off shaft ELGI valve activates hydraulic pressure and lifts the cut-off shaft spindle to open LPG injection Hydraulic Oil ELWI Gas Hydraulic Oil ELGI Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

24 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept Function in steps: Boost pressure increases and non-return valve opens LPG continues filling and pressurizing against cut-off shaft ELGI valve activates hydraulic pressure and lifts the cut-off shaft spindle to open LPG injection Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

25 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept LPG Test Rig Setup in RRC LPG injection profiles LPG testrig set-up Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

26 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - LGIP Injection Concept Preparations for operation on LGP at Research Centre Copenhagen Tightness- & function test on each cylinder unit at Research Centre Copenhagen Research engine at Research Centre Copenhagen equipped for LPG operation Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

27 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Engine Control System (ECS) ECS Dual fuel control components - One control system capable of handling all dual fuel configurations ECS Dual fuel control components Pilot Control FBIV HC Supervision Fuel Quality Control (FQA) Specified Dual Fuel Gas Channel Supervision Sealing Oil Combustion Supervision Fuel Circulation Control Additional Additional Additional Functions Functions Functions Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

28 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Engine Control System (ECS) ECS Dual fuel control components - One control system capable of handling all dual fuel configurations GI Configuration Pilot Control FBIV HC Supervision Fuel Quality Control (FQA) Specified Dual Fuel Gas Channel Supervision Sealing Oil Combustion Supervision Fuel Circulation Control Additional Additional Additional Functions Functions Functions Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

29 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Engine Control System (ECS) ECS Dual fuel control components - One control system capable of handling all dual fuel configurations LGI-P Configuration Pilot Control FBIV HC Supervision Fuel Quality Control (FQA) Specified Dual Fuel Gas Channel Supervision Sealing Oil Combustion Supervision Fuel Circulation Control Additional Additional Additional Functions Functions Functions Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

30 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Performance Test Results Performance Results: Comparison of diesel and LPG at 75% load Cylinder pressure Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

31 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Performance Test Results Performance Results: Comparison of diesel and LPG at 75% load Cylinder pressure Heat release Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

32 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Performance Test Results Performance Results: Comparison of mean indicated pressure at 75% Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

33 The New MAN B&W ME-LGIP Engine LGIP Technologies Confirmed at RCC - Performance Test Results Performance Results: DO pilot and LPG injection at 50% load Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

34 Conclusion The MAN B&W LGIP engine: - Worlds first and only Dual Fuel Marine LPG engine Meet current and future SOX regulations Lower total cost of operation Switch between HFO, MGO or LPG with no performance loss Efficient and reliable low speed, two-stroke engine Simple retrofit solution - Can be ordered with immediate effect - First order announced of VLGC 6G60ME-LGIP for Exmar - First retrofit order announced of 4 + options VLGC 6G60ME-C for BW Gas Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

35 Disclaimer All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions. Thomas S. Hansen - ME LGIP engine 10/2/

36 Thank you very much! René Sejer Laursen Promotion & Customer Support Phone: rd September 2018