Methanol as an Alternative Marine Fuel. 6th Chemical & Product Tanker Conference. London 12th March 2014 Ulf T Freudendahl

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1 Methanol as an Alternative Marine Fuel. 6th Chemical & Product Tanker Conference. London 12th March 2014 Ulf T Freudendahl

2 The Immediate Challenge g NOx/kWh IMO NOx Technical code NOx Tier II (Global) 12 NOx Tier III (NOx emission control areas) rpm

3 Alternatives other than MGO or HFO + Scrubber Natural Gas has potential to be a very important energy source for marine propulsion H H C H H Methanol is also an efficient energy carrier with high potential for marine propulsion and with possibilities to be renewable O H C H H H

4 Rules and regulations for transportation of gases and low flashpoint liquids International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk. The IGC Code International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk. The IBC Code

5 Existing Rules & regulations for low flash point fuels. IMO Res MSC.285(86). INTERIM GUIDELINES ON SAFETY FOR NATURAL GAS-FUELLED ENGINE INSTALLATIONS IN SHIPS. The IGF-Code. Adresses only natural gas as fuel. LR. Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Natural Gas Fuelled Ships. Adresses natural gas and natural gas in combination with oil. DNV. Gas Fuelled Ship Installations. Adresses natural gas as fuel and gives opening for other fuels after special consideration. Other Class Societies Rules.

6 The DRAFT INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SAFETY FOR SHIPS USING GASES OR OTHER LOW FLASH POINT FUELS (IGF CODE). Under development. Intended fuels: Natural Gas (LNG) CH4 IGF Code Part A-1 Propane C3H8 Butane (i and n) C4H10 Propane/Butane mixtures Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH IGF Code Part A-2 Methyl alcohol CH3OH IGF Code Part A-2 Hydrogen H2 Dimethyl-ether CH3OCH3

7 Preamble General & Def. Goal & funct. req. General requir. Ship deasign and arr. Fuel containment syst material & gen pipe design Bunkering Fuel supply to consumers Power generation Fire safety Explosion protection Ventilation Electrical installation Control, monitoring & safety syst Alternative design Manufacture, workmanship & test Training an op requirement Op requirements (bunkering) Draft IGF Code. Gap LNG - Methanol GAP Matrix LNG and Methanol A A A A A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 A-1 B B B ) Valid for LNG as well as methanol Partly valid for methanol or valid after interpretration Not valid for methanol Additional requirements for Methanol

8

9 LR has Rules in draft. Provisional Rules and Regulations For the Classification of Methanol Fuelled Ships Estimated to be finished March To be under LR Technical Committe in November 2014

10 LNG, Methanol and required infrastructures.

11 LNG Fuelled vessels. Newbuildings. LNG-carriers. Long and excellent experience. Glutra. Jan Now 42 ships in operation and 44 confirmed orders.

12 OSV Viking Energy Installation of the LNG storage tank Stainless steel vacuum insulated thermo tank provided by CRYO AB Volume 220 m 3 Design pressure 9 bar Refuelling ton LNG every 10th day 12

13 Conversion from HFO to LNG. BIT VIKING. 2 x 500 m3 cryogenic tanks on deck

14 Methanol fuelled newbuildings 8 x dwt Chemical Tankers on order. MAN S50ME-B9.3-LGI Two stroke high pressure gas (methanol) engine

15 Conversion to Methanol: 1 +??

16 LNG Terminal Nynäshamn m3. Inagurated 2011

17 LNG Feeder Tanker for Liquefied Gas

18 LNG Bunkering barge. Tanker for Liquefied gas

19 LNG Bunker Vessel. A small gas carrier.

20 Methanol can be stored in tanks similar to tanks for petroleum products.

21 Methanol tank at Perstorp ton per year

22 Ships for transport of methanol. IBC Code Ship type 3 A ship type 3 is intended to transport products with sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards and which require a moderate degree of containment to increase survival capability in damaged condition. Location of tanks: No requirement Out of 753 chemicals listed in the IBC Code, 327 chemicals can be transported in type 3 ships. Methyl alcohol require no more than a type 3 ship.

23 Tanker for Oil and Chemicals

24 Bunker vessel oil & methanol Tanker for Oil and Chemicals

25 Ships other than chemical carriers - transporting methanol DNV Pt 5 Sec 8 B 102. Where not bound by bottom shell plating or pump room, the tanks shall be surrounded by cofferdams.

26 Double walled High pressure fuel pipes Ballast tank converted to methanol fuel tank High pressure pump room Transfer pump room

27 Methanol in integral tanks and service tank on deck

28 Fuel storage onboard and ashore. LNG storage require expensive fuel containment systems. Methyl alcohol is far less complicated to store.

29 Engines

30 Source: WÄRTSILÄ

31 Source: WÄRTSILÄ

32 ME-LGI BFIV mounted in bushing Example of two BFIV mounted in a bushing in the cylinder cover. The LGI block will contain: control valve for LF fuel injection, sealing booster activation valve, forced suction valve activation valve, LGI purge valve and LF fuel inlet/outlet valves. NB: The control valve will not be mounted on top of the BFIV as shown above

33

34 The Great Challenge Established targets 2C Target of global temperature increase COP 15 meeting December 2009 in Copenhagen organized by United Nations Framework on Climate Change UNFCCC 50-85% Global GHG emission level in 2050 of todays level in order to reach 2C target according to Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change IPCC % EU target for CO2 emission reduction by 2050 Complication All scenarios from IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) shows that GHG emission will increase not decrease

35 CO2 + 3H2 = CH3OH + H2O Carbondioxid to Methanol Methanol

36 Power to methanol CO2 + H2 = CH3OH + H2O

37 Special Gas Carrier - Transport of CO2

38

39 Jan-01 Aug-01 Mar-02 Oct-02 May-03 Dec-03 Jul-04 Feb-05 Sep-05 Apr-06 Nov-06 Jun-07 Jan-08 Aug-08 Mar-09 Oct-09 May-10 Dec-10 Jul-11 Feb-12 Sep-12 Apr-13 Nov-13 Jun-14 Jan-15 Aug-15 Mar-16 Oct-16 May Methanex European Posted Contract Price (MEPCP) /MWh Methanol projection Bunkerindex - Gothenburg MGO /MWh Bunkerindex - Gothenburg IFO 380 LS /MWh 0

40 Methyl alcohol - Methanol More than 90 Methanol plants in Asia, North & South America, Europe, Africa & Middle East Combined production of around 75 mill ton a year The total methanol trade is around 52 mill ton a year The heat value of methanol is around 50% of that for MGO.

41 Methyl Alcohol - Methanol 1. Methanol is a liquid and needs neither cryogenic nor pressure tanks. 2. Methanol can be stored ashore in similar tanks as oil products. 3. Bunker barges will be small chemical carriers for methanol compared to small gas carriers for LNG. 4. Conversion kits for 4-stroke diesel engines to dual fuel engines (HFO/MGO Methanol) exists. The HFO/MGO is used as pilot fuel. (5 10%) 5. Two stroke dual fuel engines for methanol exists. 6. Conversion to methanol will be considerably less expensive than conversion to LNG

42 Summary 1. Methanol is a clean low flash point fuel fullfilling upcoming requirements. Rules and regulations exist to a large extent and are under further development. In many parts similar as for LNG. The existing methanol industry can coop with an increase in demand of 20 mill ton on short notice.

43 Summary The requirements to fuel storage is very simple compared to LNG. 2. Methanol can be stored in inerted integral tanks surrounded by cofferdams above water line and with single skin below water line. 3. Methanol can be stored in double bottom tanks. Single skin is acceptable. Methanol is totally dilutable in water.

44 Thank you for listening.

Compact State of the Art Methanol as a Marine Fuel. Göteborg 8th May 2014 Ulf T Freudendahl

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