Current Trends Liquid Natural Gas Locomotives

Transcription

1 Current Trends Liquid Natural Gas Locomotives November 21-22, 2013 New York City Len Baran GE Transportation

2 Natural Gas why now? Price US $ per equivalent diesel gallon Price History for Crude Oil, NG, and Diesel Fuel Early LNG program Years Diesel Fuel LNG Crude Oil Price gap between natural gas and diesel fuel has grown dramatically 35 Energy Normalized Price $/MM BTU Diesel Fuel NG Industry consensus is gap has long term sustainability - Indexmundi.com 2

3 Natural Gas Global View Natural Gas Reserves >20 trillion m^3 >3 trillion m^3 >1 trillion m^3 Reserves, price gap and loco demand drive attractiveness 3

4 CNG vs. LNG CNG LNG BTU/Gallon 3000 psi; 73,500btu (#2 diesel=130,000) Energy vs. Diesel 25% 66% Advantages Disadvantages Implications to Rail Unlimited hold times with no fuel loss More mature technology Gas / vapor instead of cryogenic Simple fuel tanks and pressure management System design can be customized for application Cost of compression - energy and maintenance with a compression station Size of storage tanks Possible weight disadvantage Less consistent quality fuel Reduced Range Dwell is lower issue yards Fewer tanks / less space requirements Greater fuel density Lower weight storage The complexity of tanks Pressure and temperature management of fuel to engine is more complex High maintenance cost of cryogenic parts Use the fuel or lose it Reliability is challenging Boil off Range Handling challenges RailTrends 4

5 Benefits of rail LNG technology Using shale gas to power a cleaner, more efficient locomotive Up to 50% reduction on fuel expense 30%+ reduced NOx and PM emissions Increased range due to tender Fuel flexibility 5

6 Natural Gas Emission Levels Componen t Reduction w/ DF Comments NOx ~50% Driven by gas replacement % PM Up to 75% Depends on technology used. CO/HC Potential increase SOx 75% From diesel only GHG (CO2, Methane) Products of incomplete combustion Impacted by crevice volumes Can manage with technology and combustion control % Depending on technology used. Methane slip a concern RailTrends 6

7 Rail industry LNG supply chain LNG tender car LNG locomotive LNG filling station Natural gas pipeline LNG liquefaction station LNG solution includes 5 major segments 7

8 LNG System Requirements General Requirements Safe and Reliable Meet current and future standard Maximize gas substitution Compatible with different technologies Able to use different USA gas qualities Rail Specific Requirements LNG Tender Car Gas Pipeline LNG Liquefaction LNG Filling Supply Gas at different pressure systems Convert LNG to gas at volume needed for all throttle notches and substitution rates On board safety systems to prevent any unsafe situation LNG Locomotive No loss of performance Gas operations transparent to the operator exceptions annunciated On board safety systems to prevent any unsafe situation 8

9 What is Dual Fuel? 100% Diesel Dual Fuel 100% NG Compression Ignition Compression Ignition Spark Ignition Higher cost fuel Lower Cost Fuel Low Cost Fuel Excellent Transient Excellent Transient Poor Transient High Power Density High NOx, PM Lower HC, CO Existing Fuel Processes High Power Density Low NOx, PM HC, CO New Processes Lower Power Density Low HC, NOx, PM, CO New Processes Dual fuel provides a smoother LNG transition 9

10 Locomotive LNG Fuel Technologies Fumigation Port Injection Micro-pilot Direct Injection Description Single point gas injection upstream of intake manifold Full-size, standard diesel injector Gas injection at intake port of each cylinder Full-size, standard diesel injector Gas injection at intake port of each cylinder Smaller diesel injector Gas & diesel injection through same injector High gas pressure to overcome compression Pros Simple system Adaptable for retrofit Low pressure gas ~50% substitution Tier 3 NOx capable Low pressure gas 60% - 80% substitution Tier 4 NOx capable Improved control 95%+ substitution Diesel efficiency DOC not needed 95%+ substitution Cons DOC needed for CO High methane slip Knock control req d Limited substitution DOC needed for CO Does not reach Tier 4 NOx w/o EGR Knock control req d DOC needed for CO Not capable of 100% diesel Knock detection req d Tier 4 Capable Need EGR/SCR for Tier 4 NOx compliance High psi NG Not capable of 100% diesel 10

11 LNG Tender Car and Locomotive Consist Functions & Equipment Functions LNG Storage Convert liquid to gas & control it Create the req d pressure for loco Send gas to the locomotive Detect any leak or fire Communicate with the loco Receive gas from the tender car Burn gas and diesel Control diesel substitution Detect any leak or fire Support tender car system Communicate with the tender car Equipment Vaporizer Computer, control system Pump or pressure system Connections Leak Detection Control system 11

12 Enabling the new shale gas economy GE a market enabler and technology leader Global leader in natural gas liquefaction & compression tech / domain Spanning producer to consumer in the shale gas value chain Providing capital financing & investment during infrastructure build Industry, technical, policy, & environmental engagement Enabling transformational transportation opportunities Drilling Processing Distribution Refueling Shipping Rail Solutions Consumption Stations Applications & ITS GE Oil & Gas GE Transportations 12

13