ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION by Achieving Fuel Efficiency & Emission Abatement

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION by Achieving Fuel Efficiency & Emission Abatement presented by: Capt. Vinay S. Patwardhan Civic Exchange Ship Emission Conference; Hong Kong; K.H.KOO CHARITABLE FOUNDATION (Hong Kong) TAI CHONG CHEANG STEAMSHIP CO (H.K.) Ltd. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

2 TCC HONG KONG in a leadership role. TCC/ USC Institute to Target Diesel Emissions By Lenora Chu on February 23, :02 AM A Hong Kong shipping executive has pledged up to $4.1 million to fund a research program at USC to reduce emissions and improve combustion efficiency in marine diesel engines. Kenneth Koo of the Tai Chong Cheang Steamship Co. said collaboration between industry and academia is needed to substantially reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and harmful pollutants emitted by conventional two-stroke, single-acting marine diesel engines used by the world s merchant shipping fleets The best way to initiate change is to partner with an institution of higher learning, said Koo, the company s group chairman and CEO, who visited USC on Feb. 17 to sign a memorandum of understanding. Let s come up with the designs that work and bang on the maritime walls of industry. The problem Koo wants to solve is significant. Most of the world s merchant ships, including tankers, container ships and bulk carriers, use large diesel engines that emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide and toxic pollutants. Compounding the problem are the lower-priced, lower-quality fuels typically used by merchant ships, as well as the modest emissions standards for their engines. Koo intends to work with the USC Viterbi School of Engineering to establish the TCC Institute for Emissions Reduction From Marine Diesel Engines. The first phase of research will be conducted at USC, with the goal of producing lab-scale prototype technology that can be scaled up for eventual testing in full-size engines. Our goal is to Reverse, Recover and Reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also conserving fuel and reducing emissions harmful to health and the environment, Koo said. I believe we have a responsibility to be good stewards of the environment, and we are willing to do our part to reduce the impact on climate change caused by our ships...

3 KHK Foundation & TCC GROUP Endeavors Making the Case: Sustainable Development The Planet in peril How did we get here Sustainability Defaults Reckless consumption of finite resources Industrial Growth and insatiable thirst for energy Devastation of eco balance Role of Fossil Fuel Low Grade Fuel & Inefficient Combustion Green House Gases & Emissions CO2 : Land 89% + Ocean & Air 7% + Other 4%

4 TCC INITIATIVE TO COMBAT Fuel Efficiency & Emission Abatement (CSR) TCC GROUP LAUNCHED RESEARCH PROJECT WITH USC CA. USA: Pursuit of Engine (Energy) Efficiency 1) Examine Traditional Fundamentals Of Combustion 2) Examine the Traditional Fundamentals of Ignition: Compression Ignition ; Spark Ignition 3) New Technology: Transient Plasma Ignition (TPI) 4) Achieve (Nearly Perfect) combustion (of unburnt Hydrocarbon) Emission & Particulate Matters (a) Reduce, Reverse, Recover Emissions (b) Examine Post Combustion Treatment Technologies. Modify Marine Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber Regulatory (Class) & Safety Approvals

5 TPI INTEGRATED IN A DIESEL ENGINE Significantly ENHANCE COMBUSTION Significantly REDUCE EMISSIONS

6 ENERGY (In)EFFICIENCY OF ENGINES STEAM ENGINE: efficiency: approx. 20% (source: wikipidia) AUTOMOBILE ENGINE: efficiency: approx. 25% (Spark-Ignition) (source: wikipidia) MARINE DIESEL ENGINE: efficiency: approx. 40% - 45% (compression Ignition) (Source: wikipidia) INTEGRATED Diesel Engine (concurrent C.I. & T. P. Ignition) efficiency: Nearly Perfect...(to full safe current parameters) (Source: TCC/USC Research)

7 FOSSIL FUELS DISTILLATE FUEL (Diesel + Gas Oil) o Cleaner (Low impurities) o Low Flash o Low Viscosity o High Calorific Value RESIDUAL FUEL (waste from refining process) o Low Grade (High Impurities) o High Flash o High Viscosity o Low Calorific Value o Low Efficiency & High Pollution

8 Residual Fuel Standards & Specifications ISO SPECIFICATIONS (HFO) LEGEND ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL SUPPLY EMISSIONS AFTER COMBUSTION IN MARINE DIESEL ENGINE (approx.) GASES SOLIDS RMG-380 GRADE (TYPE) IFO- 380 Nitrogen (70%-75%) (Max) Density at 15 C Kg/CuM 990 Nitrogen Monoxide ( %) (Min) API CO2 (10%-13.5%) (Max) Viscosity at 50ºC CSt CO (Monoxide) 0.2%-2% - 35 (Max) Viscosity at 100ºC CSt 34.8 Hydrogen (0.5%-2%) - 30 (Max) Upper Pour Pt ºC 6 O2 (0.2%-2%) - 60ºC (Min) Flash Point ºC 70ºC 18 (Max) Carbon Residue % wt (Max) Ash % wt Nitrous Oxide (100 ppm) 0.50 (Max) Water % vol 0.05 Water Vapor (10%-12%) (Max) Sulfur % wt 3.28 SO2 (15-60) ppm (Max) Sediment % wt (Max) Vanadium Wt ppm (Max) Aluminum +Silicon ppm 1 RESIDUAL DEBRIS Sodium (Na) ppm 43 Calcium(Ca) ppm 12 Iron (Fe) ppm 9 Lead (Pb) ppm 1 Nickel (Ni) ppm 25 Phos (ph) & Zinc (Zn) ppm 1 each Magnesium (Mg) ppm 4 - Vanadium; Sodium; Aluminum; Ash; Sediments etc (Source Crude + Refining Process) 0%-4%; Hydrocarbon Oxidation (0.5%-1%)

9 GLOBAL SOURCES OF CO2 EMISSION

10 OBJECTIVE & APPLICATIONS OBJECTIVE: Efficiently Convert Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy Preserve & Protect the Environment Ocean Transport 94% International Trade & Commerce APPLICATIONS: A. Main Propulsion; Power Generation. Internal Combustion slow speed 2 stroke Marine Diesel Engine High Speed 4 stroke Marine Diesel Engine B. Emissions & Particulate Matters C. Limitations imposed by inferior fuel & inefficient engine D. Options available

11 OBJECTIVE & APPLICATIONS Development of Plasma Ignition Technology Plasma : Fourth state of matter (learning from nature) Fully ionized gas of low density, approximately equal numbers of positive and negative ions. Electrically conductive, affected by magnetic fields. Burst of electric current passing through plasma, high heat is produced

12 OBJECTIVE & APPLICATIONS OBJECTIVE: Enhance Engine (energy) Efficiency with TPE & TPI APPLICATIONS: Transient Plasma to ignite unburnt hydrocarbon. Controlled release of energy to withstand design parameters

13 OBJECTIVE & APPLICATIONS Enhanced (controlled) Generation of power with TPI

14 Emission Remediation OBJECTIVE: Reduce, Reverse, Recover Emissions: [NOx + SOx.] Plasma Remediation NOx reduction is achieved thru a series of transient plasma generated chemical reactions(*) represented by O 3 + O ; NOx > N 2 + O 2 [(* )TCC/USC Research] Typical pulse parameters: 12 nsec pulse (typical traditional spark is 1msec); 10 to 100 Hz (>1kHz under investigation); 50kV to >100kV, typ. peak current 100A.

15 Plasma Remediation Low-energy transient plasma reduces emissions by over 80% by treating the exhaust gas (Nox) directly Demonstrated to be effective on ship and truck diesel engines and generators

16 TCC FLEET: Engaged in Oceann transportation of Energy Resources on global trade Dry Bulk Carriers: Capesize: DWT each approximately 180,000 Tons Liquid Bulk Carriers: Aframax: Crude Oil Tankers DWT each approximately 115,000 Tons VLCC: DWT approximately 306,000 Tons. Main Propulsion: Internal Combustion (I/C) Two Stroke Diesel Engines MAN BNW 6S70 MC MKVI; BNW 7S80MC MKVI. Power Generation: Daihatsu 6DK20 ; Yanmar 6N21L-EV. Steam Generation: Boilers: AalborgAQ18; Mitsubishi MAC 55B; OSAKA Boilers Incinerator: Korea

17 IMO (MEPC) IMPENDING INITIATIVES Rethink.. INDUSTRY GOALS: ACHIEVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY by: Management Index (EEMI) Operating Index (EEOI) Design Index (EEDI) Slow Steaming (EESS) Plasma Ignition (EEPI) Market Based Instruments (MBI) Carbon Index; Carbon Trading Emission Trading Emission Remediation Clean Hull (Paint); Air Bubble Clean Propeller Evaluate Effects On Emissions

18 Thank you for your attention