Gerasimos Theotokatos DNV GL Reader of Safety of Marine Systems

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GL Reader of Safety of Marine Systems Department of Naval

1 Towards the development of a systematic method for Ship Propulsion System Energy Management Gerasimos Theotokatos DNV GL Reader of Safety of Marine Systems Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering (NAOME) Sion, 24 October 2017

University of Strathclyde, History Andersons Institute, founded in 1796 by executors of Prof John Anderson s (1726-96) estate The

2 University of Strathclyde, History Andersons Institute, founded in 1796 by executors of Prof John Anderson s ( ) estate The University of Strathclyde...a place of useful learning... Equal educational opportunities One of the largest universities in Scotland

University of Strathclyde 3 rd Largest university in Scotland 22,000 students Awarded Royal Charter in 1964 World top 250 University (QSWU ranking 2015) UK

of Humanities and Social Sciences Business School Architecture Biomedical engineering 8 Departments Chemical and Process Engineering Civil Engineering Design,

3 University of Strathclyde 3 rd Largest university in Scotland 22,000 students Awarded Royal Charter in 1964 World top 250 University (QSWU ranking 2015) UK Top 20 Research Intensive University (REF2014) UK Top 10 research intensive Engineering Faculty 4 Faculties Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Science Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Business School Architecture Biomedical engineering 8 Departments Chemical and Process Engineering Civil Engineering Design, Manufacture and Engineering Management Electronic and Electrical Engineering Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering

University of Strathclyde NAOME Department Formation The Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering (NAOME) was formed in 2001 through the

University of Glasgow, which have been involved in teaching and research in naval architecture since 1881 (1 st chair in Naval Architecture).

4 University of Strathclyde NAOME Department Formation The Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering (NAOME) was formed in 2001 through the merger of the Department of Ship and Marine Technology at the University of Strathclyde and the Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering at the University of Glasgow, which have been involved in teaching and research in naval architecture since 1881 (1 st chair in Naval Architecture). Academic/Technical staff & Researchers 10 Professors 4 Readers 3 Senior Lecturers 6 Lecturers 25 academics 2 Teaching Fellows (one senior) 6 Technical staff 130 Researchers & PhD students

framework to support and nurture safety culture Complex system safety & security Dynamic barrier management Intact & damage

5 University of Strathclyde Maritime Safety Research Centre Life-Cycle Risk Management Cost-effective measures of risk reduction Sustainable cost-effectivesafety-improvement for new and existing ships and offshore assets Development of a modern regulatory framework to support and nurture safety culture Complex system safety & security Dynamic barrier management Intact & damage stability of cruise ships Safety culture Fire protection & prevention Blackout prevention LSA Evacuation Accidents Navigational practices

6 Presentation challenge Modelling Simulation Optimisation Synthesis, Design Control strategies Fuels After-treatment systems Waste heat recovery Regulations Energy Efficiency Energy management Hybrid systems Autonomous systems Big Data, small data, any data Digital twins Internet of things Digital revolution (IN4.0)

7 Marine Systems Ship/Marine asset: An entity (system) of complex systems Complexity is a challenge 7

Marine Systems Research In-house Modelling platforms Alternative propulsion systems

Evaporator Economizer Drum OUT_FF INP_u compressor OUT_u Ntc Qcomp INP_d OUT_d Sum_in

Thermodynamic Systemscavenging receiver OUT Sum_out engine cylinders INP_u OUT_u PID

Sum_out OUT_d OUT_u INP_u Qturb Ntc OUT_d INP_d OUT_FF fixed fluid exhaust ambient

HRSG Economizer Evaporator Superheater 3x Auxiliary Engines - generators Turbogenerator

propeller T2 Ship systems (JOULES) Systems engineering approach DSS for Voyage

8 Marine Systems Research In-house Modelling platforms Alternative propulsion systems Reduction Gear Main Engine Turbogenerator fixed flluid ambient HRSG Superheater Evaporator Economizer Drum OUT_FF INP_u compressor OUT_u Ntc Qcomp INP_d OUT_d Sum_in time Open Thermodynamic turbine Systemexhaust receiver engpar To Workspace Open Thermodynamic Systemscavenging receiver OUT Sum_out engine cylinders INP_u OUT_u PID governor Nord FR Neng pscav FR OUT_shaft Neng OUT_d INP_d Nord schedule Sum_in OUT_u Sum_out OUT_d OUT_u INP_u Qturb Ntc OUT_d INP_d OUT_FF fixed fluid exhaust ambient Life-Cycle Energy Management (REFRESH, MOVE, ISEMMS) Funnel Reduction Main Engine Gear HRSG Economizer Evaporator Superheater 3x Auxiliary Engines - generators Turbogenerator Drum T1 Q_comp N_tc Q_turb T/C shaft Engine crankshaft INP_eng Neng INP_load Neng OUT propeller T2 Ship systems (JOULES) Systems engineering approach DSS for Voyage management & maintenance planning (E- GREENSHIP, REFRESH) LNG fuelled ships (LNG- COMSHIP) ClearBal prototype system design/building 8

9 Marine Systems Research LNG fuelled open ferry safety systems design (LNG-COMSHIP) Ship electrical systems availability for Safe return to Port Machinery Risk & Reliability Analysis (INCASS) CFD Analysis of marine engines 9

10 Marine Systems Research Modelling of DF engines (steady state and transient) Load increase 40% to 80% with fuel change gas to diesel 77% load with fuel mode change diesel to gas 10

11 Marine Systems Research Modelling of 2-s DF engines (steady state and transient) Parametric Investigation and optimisation

12 Marine Systems Research MOVE software Hybrid systems

13 Need for Energy Management? Reduce operating cost Mitigate Climate Change Regulatory compliance Shipping sustainability Green shipping Enhance corporate reputation

14 Energy Management A challenging task Baldi F. (2016)

15 Energy Management A systematic method is required Data analysis Assessment of measurements quality List of required parameters Prediction of not measured parameters Energy/Exergy Analysis

16 Energy Management Towards the development of a systematic method 1. Data collection 2. Preliminary analysis 3. Data analysis 4. System modelling 5. Simulation results 6. Simulation results analysis 7. Identification of Energy & fuel savings initiatives 8. Decision support/making 9. Control Actions

17 Energy Management

propeller curves Most frequent operating points

18 Data Analysis Measurement Quality Steady state vs. transient operation Operating profile Most frequent propeller curves Most frequent operating points Parameters processing Data quantitative assessment (trends/uncertainty)

19 Case studies 1. VLCC 2.5 years log books records in spreadsheet 1 record per day 2. Container vessel 4 months -fully automated monitoring system 1 record per 4 h 3. Bulk Carrier 1 month - Sensors 1 record per 10 min

20 Statistical Analysis Results VLCC

21 Statistical Analysis Results Containership Better quality of the data fit

22 Statistical Analysis Results Bulk Carrier Better quality of the data fit

23 Measurements quantitative assessment VLCC Containership

24 Measurements quantitative assessment VLCC Containership

25 Engine Room Components Modelling Mapping the engine parameters in the whole operating envelope Comparison with baseline and monitored data Prediction of nonmonitored parameters, e.g. engine air flow

26 Required Parameters Set 1 (preferable) Required Measured Parameters Main Engine Shaft Power & SFOC Checklist Set 2 (Minimum required) Required Measured Parameters Main Engine Shaft Power & SFOC Checklist Set 2 Main Engine & Turbocharger RPM Engine Room Ambient Temp. Cooling Water Inlet Temp. Compressor Air Outlet Temp. Scavenge Air Cooler Air Outlet Temp. Scavenge Air Cooler Water Outlet Temp. Lube Oil Inlet Temp. (after L.O. Coolers) Main Engine & Turbocharger RPM Engine Room Ambient Temp. Cooling Water Inlet Temp. Compressor Air Outlet Temp. Scavenge Air Cooler Air Outlet Temp. Scavenge Air Cooler Water Outlet Temp. Lube Oil Inlet Temp. (after L.O. Coolers) Not monitored components are modelled to predict their performance Turbocharger Scavenge Air Cooler Lube Oil & Jacket heat flows Lube Oil Outlet Temp. (@sump) Jacket Water Inlet Temp. (before the cylinders) Lube Oil Outlet Temp. (@sump) Jacket Water Inlet Temp. (before the cylinders) Set 1 Turbocharger Inlet Temp. Turbocharger Outlet Temp. Compressor filter pressure drop Scavenge air cooler pressure drop Scavenge air receiver pressure Exhaust gas collector pressure Turbocharger Inlet Temp. Turbocharger Outlet Temp. Compressor filter pressure drop Scavenge air cooler pressure drop Scavenge air receiver pressure Exhaust gas collector pressure turbocharger is modelled Model results compared with measurements to detect inaccuracies, and predict the airflow Exhaust gas back pressure Exhaust gas back pressure

27 Energy and Exergy Analyses Energy mapping Exergy mapping comparison with the baseline case or sea trials Identification of energy efficiency improvements comparison with the baseline case Identification of components with high losses for closer monitoring

28 Energy Analysis Results VLCC For the 3 MF operating points of the 2 MF Propeller Curves Baseline from MAN Dieel & Turbo CEAS

29 Exergy Analysis Results VLCC For the 3 MF operating points of the 2 MF Propeller Curves Baseline from MAN Diesel & Turbo CEAS Idot = Exergy Destruction

30 Exergy Analysis Results VLCC For the 3 MF operating points of the 2 MF Propeller Curves Baseline from MAN Diesel & Turbo CEAS Irreversibility Share = Exergy Destruction

31 The way forward

32 For further enquires:

Marine Engine/ Ship Propulsion System Simulation

Marine Engine/ Ship Propulsion System Simulation Gerasimos Theotokatos Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Marine Engineering University of Strathclyde November 2015 SIMULATION OF MARINE DIESEL ENGINE