Exhaust Systems and Emissions. Source: BMW

Transcription

1 Exhaust Systems and Emissions Source: BMW January 2014

2 Contents Testing of Exhaust Systems Hot Gas Bending Cycle Test Measurements of Mass Flow Rates Structure High Temperature Oven DPF Development Urea Injection Systems Catalyst Development Emissions Thermal Imaging Stream Lab January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 2

3 Testing of Exhaust Systems Vehicle-Compliant Setup Engine Engine fitting position Transmission Engine carriers and mounting brackets Exhaust Gas Systems No mechanical modifications Original suspension components Leveling according to vehicle coordinates Stiff construction of mounting suspension January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 3

4 Testing of Exhaust Systems Vibration Analysis Measurement system Müller-BBM Up to 160 channels simultaneously Vibration, strain, acoustics, temperature, analog variables 3 measurement systems for 220 V and 12 V operation January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 4

5 Testing of Exhaust Systems Vibration Analysis Measurement system Müller-BBM, (max. 160 channels, setup with 3-axis miniature sensors) January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 5

6 Amplitude [mm] Testing of Exhaust Systems Vibration Analysis Frequency [Hz] January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 6

7 Engine Drehzahl Speed [1/min] [rpm] Temperatur [ C] Temperature [ C] Testing of Exhaust Systems Thermal Shock Testing on Engine Test Bench Phase of Hot Operation: Operating points with maximum exhaust gas temperature (dynamic driving cycles) Phase of Cold Operation: Standstill or idle (cooling down with or without test bench blower) Phases of coasting with overrun cut-off (internal cooling of catalysts and mufflers) Drehzahl Engine Speed Monolith T-Monolith Temp. T-Abgas Gas Temp. T-Oberfläche Surface Temp Runtime Zeit [s] [s] January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 7

8 Testing of Exhaust Systems Thermal Shock Testing / Hot Gas Generator Gas temperature : Max C Operating supplement Exhaust gas mass flow rate Exhaust gas back pressure : Natural Gas : Up to 1200 kg/h : Max. 500 kpa Truck Application : Increase of Mass Flow Rate via Interconnection January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 8

9 Hot Gas Reverse Bending Cycle Testing 2-Axis Stimulation Traction : Max. 15 kn/cyl. Amplitude : mm Vibration frequency : Max. 100 Hz Gas temperature : Max C Fuel : Diesel Exhaust gas mass flow rate : Max. 250 kg/h January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 9

10 Temperature Temperatur [ C] [ C] N 2, N2 O 2 / [l/min], O2 [l/min] H / 2 O H2O ml/min] [ml/min] High Temperature Oven Preconditioning Stabilization DPF regeneration DPF and catalyst ageing Artificial atmosphere Temperature Temperatur N2 N Technical data: Up to 1200 C Usuable space: 50x50x70 cm Injection of N 2, O 2 and H 2 O H 2 O H2O O 2 O Runtime Laufzeit [h] [h] Temperature Characteristics at DPF Preconditioning January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 10

11 DPF Development DPF Testing / Ageing Regeneration behaviour at different soot and ash accumulation conditions Regeneration options under worst-case conditions January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 11

12 Temperature [ C] [ C] DPF Development Soot Accumulation Cycles according to customer specification Automated ageing and regeneration cycles Event-related program sequence via Inca communication Runtime Zeit [s] Temperature Gradients during Uncontrolled Regeneration January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 12

13 Engine Drehzahl Speed [1/min] [rpm] Engine Drehmoment Torque [Nm] DPF Development Ash accumulation cycles with accumulation-related regeneration 1800 Engine Drehzahl Speed 3600 Characterization according to defined ash accumulation Rating of regeneration behaviour Certification according to ECE, US and further guidelines Drehmoment Engine torque Runtime Laufzeit [sec] [s] Section of ETC Cycle January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 13

14 Temperature Temperatur [ C] [ C] N [1/min] Engine Speed [rpm] Urea Injection Systems Engine Speed Motordrehzahl Nozzle Ventiltemperaturen Temperatures Runtime Laufzeit [s] Temperature Characteristics at Top of DeNox Nozzle January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 14

15 Urea Injection System Equipment of Exhaust Gas System with several DeNox Injectors Cooling Element of a DeNox Injector with Thermocouples January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 15

16 Catalyst Development Catalyst Testing Development of driving cycle with lambda leaps Air injection for increase in temperature Testing of several samples within one exhaust line Exhaust gas analysis via 2- line exhaust gas measurement device Catalyst Ageing of several Samples within one Exhaust Line January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 16

17 Lambda [-], O Lambda [-] / 2 [%] O2 [%] Air Quantity Luftmenge [l/min] Temperature Temperatur [ C] [ C] Air Luftmenge Quantity [l/min] [l/min] Catalyst Development Measuring Cycles with additional Air Injection and Lambda Leaps Luftmenge Air Quantity Katalysatortemperaturen Catalyst Temperatures O2 O Lambda Runtime Laufzeit [s] Luftmenge Air Quantity Runtime Laufzeit [s] [s] January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 17

18 Thermal Imaging Thermal Imaging of Exhaust Gas Components Temperatures at Nominal Output January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 18

19 Stream Lab Adjustment of exhaust mass flow rate and exhaust gas back pressure Optimization of geometry of flow Spatial twist and tumble measurement Maximum mass flow rate: 400 kg/h Tippelmann Test Bench January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 19

20 Contact KST Motorenversuch GmbH & Co. KG Bruchstraße D Bad Dürkheim Telefon : Fax : info@kst-motorenversuch.de Internet : Bad Dürkheim January 2014 Exhaust Gas System.ppt Slide 20