China E-Mobility. Speech
|
|
- Alexander Singleton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 China E-Mobility Speech Suzhou, April 12, 2018
2 The speaker of Today Speaker Alex Xu Global Partner, Vice President of Roland Berger Great China Company Founded in 1967 in Germany by Roland Berger > More than 16 years of management consulting experience > Independent director of A-share listed manufacturing company > Helped China's major energy group develop European photovoltaic expansion plan > Helped leading investment agencies to conduct systematic research and benchmarking of China automotive industry > Helped China's leading low-carbon business district formulate its energy development strategy > 50 offices in 36 countries, with around 2,400 employees Nearly 220 RB Partners currently serving ~1,000 international clients 14 offices in Asian Pacific Source: Roland Berger 2
3 EV(or electrification) is most important trend in the automotive industry which we are discussing today Source: Roland Berger 3
4 Regulation CO2 legislation CO 2 legislation keeps the push on xev development CO 2 legislation: Light vehicle GHG emissions/fuel consumption GHG emissions/fuel consumption (CO 2 ) Europe USA Japan China > CO 2 emissions target 1) > CAFE 2) > Fuel efficiency targets 3) > CAFC 4) (phase IV) > Additional ZEV regulation > Add. potential fleet xev CARB target share % % % 115 n.a % Methodology > Baseline for indicator rating is CO 2 -legislation in 2025 In case 2025 CO 2 targets remain as planned, the score is set at 3 points In case legislation in the region decided on changing CO 2 targets, today's scoring is adjusted by 1 point for each 5% change (up- and downwards) tbd Indicator rating: to base-line % less strict than baseline 10% less strict than baseline 5% less strict than baseline Baseline 5% stricter than baseline 10% stricter than baseline 1) Weight-based corporate average 2) Footprint-based corporate average; converted to NEDC 3) Weight-class based corporate average; showing JC08 4) Weight-class based per vehicle and corporate average Note: GHG = greenhouse gases Source: Press research, ICCT, Roland Berger 4
5 Global EV/PHEV sales - forecasts Therefore, strong growth is expected across all regions in xev sales by 2025 xev sales forecast for major xev markets, China ['000 units] Europe ['000 units] 20% CAGR 25% % 5,447 13% HEV 40.2% +32% 22% PHEV 35.3% BEV 33.7% 21% 9% 65% 69% 21% 56% 23% USA ['000 units] Japan ['000 units] 34% CAGR 71% % 4, % 8% BEV 19.7% 13% PHEV 24.5% 1,069 1% 2% % 70% 16% 78% HEV 28.9% 98% 4,793 3% 37% 61% ,688 5% 6% 88% HEV PHEV BEV BEV PHEV HEV CAGR % 39.5% 33.6% CAGR % 35.2% 9.5% Comments > China is expected to remain the leader in xev sales globally by 2025 as well > Strong growth is expected in all geographies for xevs, aim for sustainable transportation and reducing the emissions would be the key push in all geographies for xevs > Declining costs of Li-ion batteries would increase the attractiveness of xev for customers > However, development of charging infrastructure would be necessary to sustain demand in the market XX% Expected penetration by Source: Expert Interviews, Roland Berger 5
6 China deep dive China announced ambitious BEV/PHEV plans and pushes for domestic EV and cell manufacturing Current activities in China Target sales of EV/PHEV [% of total sales] Core activities EV/PHEV vehicle park [m vehicles] 0.5 >5 >20 > % % % 1.5% > Subsidies Direct EV subsidies Vehicle registration process Free of purchase tax > Push domestic EV/PHEV vehicles OEM specific CO2e targets OEM specific NEV credit ratio targets 1) > Drive domestic battery cell production White list of battery cell supplier whose cells are eligible for NEV subsidies currently exclude Korean cell manufacturer Likely Korean cell manufacturer will be added 1) Effective from 2018/4/1, NEV credit ratio targets in 2019 is 10%, 2020 is 12% Source: MIIT; Roland Berger 6
7 China NEV market forecast By scenario We have developed three scenarios of BEV/PHEV market forecast till 2025 We expect sales to vary from 3,382k to 6,231k China NEV market forecast till 2025E [k units, NEV sales, Passenger Vehicles] [k units] 2025 NEV penetration E CAGR E CAGR Comments E 3,157 2,469 1, E 6,231 4,721 3, E Optimistic Base Conservative 21.6% 16.3% 11.7% 40% 34% 27% 25% 24% 20% Note: In China definition, HEV(hybrid) is normally not counted as part of EV plan, which is different from some countries So in this model, we only count BEV/PHEV > Three scenarios have been developed based on different regulatory environment and OEM's reaction, which is the key driver for BEV/PHEV sales in China > Base case reflects a realistic OEM response to CAFC and BEV/PHEV Credit mechanism Most likely scenario Source: Public information, Expert interview, Roland Berger 7
8 China market forecast base scenario Under base scenario, China BEV/PHEV markets are expected for a strong growth, BEV will take major shares China NEV market forecast by PHEV/BEV Passenger Vehicles [k units] NEV Penetration 1) 0.1% 23 Subsidy driven market > Strong subsidy > Plates in restricted cities > No purchase tax 0.4% % 2.4% 1.1% % 76% 19% 24% % % 33% Product driven market > Fastly retreating subsidy > Dual credits requirements > Higher tech. requirements 4.8% 1,205 66% 34% 6.1% 1,587 66% 34% 7.6% 2,014 68% 32% 9.0% 2,469 70% 30% 11.1% 3,085 71% 29% 13.5% 3,829 73% 27% 16.3% 4,721 75% 25% BEV PHEV CAGR '15-20E 50% 48% 55% CAGR '20E-25E 24% 27% 18% COMMENTS > PHEV is expected to increase its share after 2017 with ambitious PHEV product launch plan of JV/import OEMs > BEV will remain major share in the long run Supportive policies in favor of BEV (e.g. more credits accumulated for BEV models) Economics cost of BEV will be further reduced to be lower than PHEV E 2023E 2024E 2025E Source: Expert interview, IHS database, CAAM; Roland Berger 8
9 Backup In 2017, China is the largest automotive market with some emerging players, which attract much attention Top 20 by country and by OEM group, light vehicle production 1) Production 2017e vs [%] 2) Avg. 2.0% By production country Brazil Mexico Iran Russia Turkey France Italy India Czech Republic Indonesia South Korea Thailand Germany Slovakia Spain United Kingdom Winners Japan China By OEM group Dongfeng Geely Changan BMW Suzuki Tata Honda Daimler PSA FCA Great Wall SAIC-GM-Wuling BAIC Mazda Ford GM Hyundai Winners VW R-N Toyota -10 Canada United States Losers Losers Total production 2017e [m units] 1) Incl. light commercial vehicles; 2) Year-on-year growth rate Source: IHS, Lazard, Roland Berger 9
10 Policy & Regulation Demand Supply The seven key factors are expected to be the main driver of China xev market development in the next 3-5 years Key xev market drivers 1 New xev models > The major OEMs take much effort in new xev planning and are expected to launch more xev products within the near 3-5 years BEV PHEV 2 Consumer demand > More consumers have the opportunity to know EV manufacturers and consider to purchase their products, esp. PHEV models 3 Cost effectiveness > Will the subsidy not be removed in 2020, BEV is more cost-advantageous than ICE models; Otherwise, BEV's TCO is expected to catch up 2-3 years later 4 Policies > China government will leverage different kinds of regulation tool to push xev market move forward 5 Subsidy > Government will continue xev subsidy till 2020, and BEV subsidy expected to phase out slower than PHEV's 6 CAFC and xev credit > CAFC and xev credit dual management is designed as successor to subsidy to keep the xev market growing after 2020 from top level 7 Infrastructure > Government has defined a clear target for charging pile construction in 2020, and physical constraints and commercial environment are also the key factors to affect infrastructure development Source: Roland Berger 10
11 1 New EV models The major OEMs take much effort in new xev planning and are expected to launch more xev products within the near 3-5 years EV Model pipeline Sales vs. supply [Unit: k units] Price range in RMB10K RB sales forecast Market supply forecast ,205 1, ,587 1, ,014 2, ,469 2,584 Source: Desk research; Roland Berger 11
12 Brand premium 1 New EV models Besides traditional OEMs, there are new entrants with focus ONLY on EV OEM clustering on xev sector High 1 ICE-oriented International 2 Electrified International 5 New Entrants 3 Local PHEV-focused 4 Local BEV Pioneer Low ICE-dominated PHEV-majority Powertrain Strategy BEV-focused Source: Desk research, Roland Berger analysis 12
13 2 Consumer demand With the market gradually developed, consumers get to know the xev manufacturers and consider to purchase their products Customer needs Awareness Acceptance 46% 44% 37% 31% 29% 25% 21% 19% 16% 14% 12% 9% 2% 1% BYD Toyota Audi VW Honda BMW Chery MB Nissan Already bought/will buy Consider buying Wait till few accepts Still early to decide Not clear Source: JD Power; Roland Berger 13
14 MSRP Purchase tax Subsidy Total Fuel Insurance Maintenance Total Price Purchase tax Subsidy Total Electricity Insurance Maintenance Total 3 Cost effectiveness Cost effectiveness of EV will improve, which fundamentally supports the market growth Roewe RX5 / erx5 TCO comparison [Shanghai, 2017 & 2020] Roewe RX5 (ICE) [k, RMB] Roewe erx5 (EV) [k, RMB] 5-year Cost Payback ,000 km/yr One-time cost Annual operating cost One-time cost Annual operating cost ICE EV th year 2020 with subsidy 2) 15,000 km/yr nd year 2020 without subsidy 15,000 km/yr th year Source: Desk research, expert interview, Roland Berger 14
15 5 Subsidy National PV NEV subsidy is expected to continue promoting EV sales strongly but gradually phasing out National PV NEV subsidy [ ] Declining national PV NEV subsidy level from 2015 to 2020 [k CNY/unit] 2018 no subsidy Notice on Adjusting the Subsidy Policies on the Promotion and Appl. of NEV MIIT, MOF, Central Office 22 0 BEV: 100km R < 150km BEV: 150km R < 200km BEV: 200km R < 250km BEV: 250km R< 300km BEV: 300km R< 400km BEV: 400km R PHEV(incl. EREV): R encouragement 20% Central (national) government further lower (declining rate of 20% is applied 2016 vs. 2017) the subsidy level among different endurance mileage category and across BEV and PHEV segment 50% Municipal (local) government subsidy shall not exceed 50% of the subsidy from the central government (previously under most frequent case, central subsidy : municipal subsidy = 1:1, local government also offers other expense cut and subsidy on usage) Source: Desk research; Roland Berger 15
16 6 CAFC / xev credits CAFC and xev credits are in place in order, indicating a higher xev market penetration CAFC 1) and xev credit management Government target: industry average fuel consumption ( E) [L/100km] Method: credit management ( E) Trends towards CAFC credit xev credit Punishments for OEMs with total negative credits or negative xev credits: > Suspend new product approval which cannot meet FC target > OEM will be fined if target not met Impact > Government is expected to issue more aggressive management method to ensure achievement of stricter fuel consumption target E 2025E 2030E > In order to reach credit target, OEMs need to Adjust product portfolio, e.g. - Develop / localize xev models in China - Increase share of energy saving models Enhance fuel efficiency of engine 1) Corporate (OEM dependent ) average fuel consumption Source: MIIT, CAFC and xev credit management method, Roland Berger 16
17 7 Infrastructure To support xev market development, government actively introduced relevant policies with support of SOE grid companies Infrastructure policies interpretation Topic Central government planning Regional implementation Total number Price Standard Grid > Plan to construct 400 k charging piles and 2 k change station to set up power supply network by end of 2015 > State Grid plans to construct fastcharging network by 2020 based on fourvertical & four-horizontal high way network, covering 19,000 km > Formulate energy pricing standard and service fee standard > Encourage parking fee deduction > Complied with German standard and improved facility compatibility > State Grid announced to open and distributed grid connection project and other major measures to better serve EV charging facility market > Southern Grid also develops similar plan with dedicated subsidiary to invest in the infrastructure > Beijing: New estates must equip 18% parking place with charging piles > Shanghai: There must be one public charging facility spot every 5 km 2 downtown area. By end of 2015, Shanghai plans to build over 6,000 charging piles across the city to support over 10,000 EVs > Wuhan: xev is expected to charge for free in the appointed charging spots > Hefei, Nanjing, Hebei, Foshan, Jiangxi: Formulated charging service fee related standard > Suzhou: Subsidy for charging facilities service provider, 15% of the construction fee Wider and more interconnected charging network for xev market development Further eliminate consumers range anxiety for future development of continuous driving, long-distance driving and high-speed driving Source: Desk research; Roland Berger Analysis 17
18 Beyond aforementioned drivers, some investors believe that fundamental change in automotive ecosystem will favor EV growth Geographic shift Mobility solutions Automated driving Alternative fuels Fuel cells Low cost brands Emissions regulations Lightweighting Powertrain electrification 1. New Mobility Changing customer behavior (sharing vs. owning) New mobility mix and new business models/players 4. Electrified Compliance with future emissions regulations Electrification landscape incl. infrastructure Automotive disruption 2. Autonomous Technology and regulatory progress High customer value and improved safety 3. Digitalized Connectivity AI Evolution of digital technologies and culture Connectivity New retail ICE advancement Robotaxi world Start-up OEMs Non-traditional entrants Source: Roland Berger Analysis 18
19 There are different scenarios on the future, but one thing is clear that the ecosystem will be more complicated Ecosystem change Market is more complicated, and more challenging Past Tier 1 Tier 1 OEM OEM Traditional supplier OEM Tier 1 Traditional OEM Future Tier 1 traditional supplier Tier 1 xxx xxx OEM OEM xxx OEM xxx traditional OEM Consumer electronics Apple Tier 1? Softwa re Google Huawei Platform Car DIDI sharing? Tech giant Zipcar Tesla? Service provider New OEM Next EV New OEM Comments > New entrants are not necessary to become new OEMs, but looking for new value chain position > Mobility platform operator will likely have more power in defining products and control the major value chain > Technology giant could cooperate with OEMs and operators to explore extra value Source: Roland Berger Analysis 19
20 Under the push of new technology and business models, many new players entered auto industry with different objectives Overview of new entrants Objectives Non car manufact urer Car manufact urer Focus on hardware 1) Mobility Service Platform 和谐富腾 Competency Start ups Focus on software Comments The new entrants are mainly 2 groups: > Startup EV players > Tech giants MSP 1) Tech giants focusing on producing AD vehicles New technology supplier focusing on EV core tech, AD relate tech, connectivity etc. Source: Roland Berger analysis 20
21 The trend of electrification results in significant impact on components and hence machinery OEMS Key impacts Growing electric vehicle market Impact on selected components and resulting impact on machining capacity for: Electrical and Electronics Interior Chassis 1 Powertrain 2 Body & Structure 1 > Casting > Forging/Forming > Machining > Surface treatment > 2 Powertrain Body & Structure > Tools/Machining > Metal sheet forming > Die casting > Extrusion > GFK/CFK production > Welding/Joining > Painting > Source: Roland Berger 21
22 1 Powertrain First, xev powertrain components have new production capacity requirements Detailed analysis of component change ICE Capacity impact on machine level BEV New components Required > Electric motor > Battery > Power electronics (inverter, charger, DC/DC) > High voltage wiring Ceased components Not required anymore > Combustion engine and auxiliaries > Fuel tank and supply > Exhaust system > Multi-stage transmission and clutch Combustion engine E-Motor Gearbox Differential Clutch Battery Very high CNC machine demand no CNC machine demand 1) CNC: Computerized Numerical Control Source: Roland Berger 22
23 1 Powertrain Growth rates in relevant markets for conventional powertrain components expected to turn negative before 2025 Example: Market value growth, [CAGR %] Engine 4% 2% Exhaust (incl. Aftertreatment) 5% 2% -1% -4% Fuel system (tank, filter, pump, pipes) Multi stage transmission 3% 1% 4% 1% 0% -2% year CAGR [%] Growth of vehicle production Source: Roland Berger component model 23
24 1 Powertrain while electrified powertrain components will further see strong growth rates Example: Market value growth, [CAGR %] E-motor 34% Battery 47% 17% 14% 3% 2% Inverter Other power electronic 30% 29% 22% 19% 13% 14% year CAGR [%] Growth of vehicle production Source: Roland Berger component model 24
25 2 Body & Structure In xevs weight reductions gain in importance to ensure drivability OEMs are willing to pay a partial premium per kg weight reduction Focus areas for lightweight construction in a passenger car Conventional ICE vehicle Electric vehicle 0 Market feedback "Electric vehicles are fairly balanced due to the low center of gravity caused by the batteries. Therefore, weight reduction measures are implemented in all parts of the car", Market expert "To improve driving dynamics, the focus for weight reduction of conventional cars is put close to the engine. This offers potential for further hollow parts in the drivetrain", Market expert "The center of gravity needs to be in the lower center of the car, therefore side shafts are a popular part for the use of hollow components", Market experts Relative importance for lightweight material substitution High Low Source: Daimler; Roland Berger 25
26 2 Body & Structure Light weighting is more than just light weight material Many opportunities for advanced production technologies Methods towards light weighting (overview) Optimized material Optimized parts design New technologies Optimized car design Substitution of conventional materials with innovative lightweight materials : > Ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) instead of steel > AL/MG cast components > CFRP instead of metal > Coated components Optimized design within specifications: > Load-capable design of control arms > Optimized beads and topology of sheet metal parts > Multi-material solution > Aluminum-Space-Frame New innovative and efficient manufacturing technologies: > Tailored products > Laser welding (instead of fitting) > Hybrid forging for complex powertrain parts > Prepreg stamping for Fiber reinforced plastics New innovative module, system or car design: > Direct fitting into the chassis > Integral design and functional integration > Redundancy of joining technologies Alternative materials New innovative design and production technology Source: Roland Berger 26
27 2 Body & Structure Al cast components are key components of multi-material solutions in vehicle bodies High growth rates beyond 2025 expected Market development for selected body & structure components Doors & closures Shock tower IP beam Front end carrier Mg/Al die casting Al die casting Mg/Al die casting Al die casting >100% 78% ~100% 44% 14% 14% 10% 46% 14% 17% 29% 13% '10-'15 '15-'20 '20-'25 '10-'15 '15-'20 '20-'25 '10-'15 '15-'20 '20-'25 '10-'15 '15-'20 '20-'25 5-Year CAGR [%] Growth of vehicle production [%] Source: Roland Berger 27
28 Segments 2 Body & Structure Casted AL structural components will be used in many upper segment cars Selected OEM's usage of casted AL structural components by 2020 Illustrative Considered OEMs with casted AL structural components Potential additional OEMs with casted AL structural components A/B not covered not covered not covered (especially Cadillac) C not covered not covered Further OEMs with niche application D E/F BEV No application Small content per vehicle (1-2 component, e.g. front shock towers) Medium content per vehicle (e.g. front and rear shock towers) High content per vehicle (> 4 components) Very high content per vehicle Source: IHS; EuroCarBody; Roland Berger 28
29
New-Energy Vehicles: Unfolding in China J.D. Power China Mobility Disruptors Survey Series. March 2018
New-Energy Vehicles: Unfolding in China J.D. Power China Mobility Disruptors Survey Series March 2018 1 OVERVIEW Propelled by growing public concerns about the environment and incentive policies, the enthusiasm
More informationTHE ELECTRIC VEHICLE REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON PEAK OIL DEMAND
THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON PEAK OIL DEMAND INDONESIAN GAS SOCIETY JAKARTA 20 TH NOVEMBER JUNE 2016 - SELECTED SLIDES JON FREDRIK MÜLLER PARTNER HEAD OF CONSULTING ASIA-PACIFIC When
More informationElectromobility. Regulations, Vehicles, and Markets. Mainz, 30 January 2 February 2017
Electromobility Regulations, Vehicles, and Markets Mainz, 30 January 2 February 2017 Roland Berger 2 Contents Page A. Current xev market and forecast: 3 Sales of BEVs and PHEVs reached almost 700,000 units
More informationChris Pick. Ford Motor Company. Vehicle Electrification Technologies and Industry Approaches
Chris Pick Manager, Global Electrification Business Strategy Ford Motor Company Vehicle Electrification Technologies and Industry Approaches Agenda Drivers for Electrification and Technology Background
More informationAftermarket Trends: What will Drive Future Aftermarket Repair Opportunities in North America?
Aftermarket Trends: What will Drive Future Aftermarket Repair Opportunities in North America? Mark Seng Global Aftermarket Practice Leader July 29, 2014 - Vehicles - Powertrains - Technology & How the
More informationepowertrain landscape Outlook 2020
1 epowertrain landscape Outlook 2020 CESA Congress 2012 Paris, December 04th, 2012 A. xev markets European Union/Germany, USA and China: Ambitious governmental targets will not be reached 2020: max. 600k
More informationOverview of policies related to low carbon transportation in China
Overview of policies related to low carbon transportation in China LowCVP Annual Conference, June 9, 2011, London Hui He Policy Analyst International Council on Clean Transportation Goal of the ICCT is
More informationGabelli Automotive Symposium October 30, Adriane Brown President and CEO Honeywell Transportation Systems
Gabelli Automotive Symposium October 30, 2007 Adriane Brown President and CEO Honeywell Transportation Systems Forward Looking Statements This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning
More informationMichigan Public Service Commission Electric Vehicle Pilot Discussion
Michigan Public Service Commission Electric Vehicle Pilot Discussion Brett Smith Assistant Director, Manufacturing & Engineering Technology Valerie Sathe Brugeman Senior Project Manager, Transportation
More informationAlixPartners Automotive Electrification Index. Second Quarter 2017
AlixPartners Automotive Electrification Index Second Quarter 217 AlixPartners Automotive Electrification Index e-range E-RANGE = Sum of electric range of all electric vehicles (EV) sold By automaker, segment,
More informationPwC Autofacts. The Transformation of the Automotive Value Chain.
www.pwc.de The Transformation of the Automotive Value Chain Research results on how the automotive transformation will impact value add October 18 DON T PANIC: The automotive transformation will bring
More informationThe IAM in Pre-Selection of global automotive trends impacting the independent multi-brand aftermarket
The IAM in 2030 Pre-Selection of global automotive trends impacting the independent multi-brand aftermarket 10th of June 2016 The automotive aftermarket is based on a highly complex value chain with a
More informationTechnology and policy drivers of the fuel economy of new light-duty vehicles Comparative analysis across selected automotive markets
Technology and policy drivers of the fuel economy of new light-duty vehicles Comparative analysis across selected automotive markets Pierpaolo Cazzola, International Energy Agency Content GFEI and the
More informationChina New Energy Vehicle Report
China New Energy Vehicle Report July 2017 Copyright 2017, JSC Automotive. No part of this report may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means, without JSC Automotive s prior written agreement.
More informationGlobal EV Outlook 2017 Two million electric vehicles, and counting
Global EV Outlook 217 Two million electric vehicles, and counting Pierpaolo Cazzola IEA Launch of Chile s electro-mobility strategy Santiago, 13 December 217 Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) Government-to-government
More informationPress release (blocking period: , 6:00) Industry Study. E-Mobility 2019: An International Comparison of Important Automotive Markets.
Press release (blocking period: 17.1.2019, 6:00) Industry Study E-Mobility 2019: An International Comparison of Important Automotive Markets. Consolidated sales trends for full-year 2018 and forecast for
More information2.2 Deep-dive E-Mobility
Dr. Jochen Schröder President Business Division E-Mobility Capital Markets Day 2018 Berlin Disclaimer This presentation contains forward-looking statements. The words "anticipate", "assume", "believe",
More informationDr. Wilhelm Binder Day
Dr. Wilhelm Binder Day Presentation Amsterdam, Monday 4 October 2010 Villingen, Thursday 7 October 2010 2 Today's presentation covers the automotive market outlook, trends for the industry, and innovation
More informationOverview of Global Fuel Economy Policies
Overview of Global Fuel Economy Policies Zifei Yang Researcher 2018 APCAP Joint Forum and Clean Air Week Theme: Solutions Landscape for Clean Air Bangkok, Mar 20, 2018 What is ICCT? ICCT is an independent
More informationNEW-GENERATION ELECTRIC VEHICLES
NEW-GENERATION ELECTRIC VEHICLES Executive Project Manager E-CMP : Electric Modular Platform TRENDS BEHIND OUR STRATEGY AN ENERGY TRANSITION INTENDED TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS CHINA: The 2nd biggest
More informationIt s Time to Make a Trade-off, Traditional Powertrain or xevs?
AUTOMOTIVE It s Time to Make a Trade-off, Traditional Powertrain or xevs? Oct 27, 2016 Shanghai Vivian Wang, Senior Analyst, vivian.wang@ihsmarkit.com Jiajia Wang, Senior Analyst, jiajia.wang@ihsmarkit.com
More informationThe xev Industry Insider Report
The xev Industry Insider Report December 2016 REPORT OUTLINE I. xev Market Trends 1. Overview Current xev Market Conditions xev Market Direction: High Voltage xev Market Direction: Low Voltage Market Drivers
More informationAbout LMC Automotive. LMC Automotive the company. Global Car & Truck Forecast. Automotive Production Forecasts
About LMC Automotive LMC Automotive the company LMC Automotive is a market leader in the provision of automotive intelligence and forecasts to an extensive client base of car and truck makers, component
More informationElectric Vehicles in China:
Electric Vehicles in China: Technology Trajectories, Policies, and lessons Chen Ling, Doris Fischer, Shen Qunhong, Yang Wenhui Presentation for the final conference in Bonn April 7-8, 2014 Outline Research
More informationThe xev Industry Insider Report
The xev Industry Insider Report November 2017 REPORT OUTLINE I. xev Market Trends 1. Overview Market Drivers Recent EV-Market Boosters Until Tesla, most automakers had introduced subcompact and city EVs
More informationStrategic Analysis of Hybrid and Electric Commercial Vehicle Market in North and South America
MEDICAL DEVICES PHARMACEUTICALS CHEMICALS FOOD & BEVERAGE ELECTRONICS Strategic Analysis of Hybrid and Electric Commercial Vehicle Market in North and South America VPG Publications, Consulting, Clients
More informationALTERNATIVE ENERGIES AND IMPACT ON STATION OF THE FUTURE. Edouard BOURDIN
ALTERNATIVE ENERGIES AND IMPACT ON STATION OF THE FUTURE Edouard BOURDIN TRANSPORT TRANSPORT OTHER SECTORS OTHER SECTORS TRANSPORT REPRESENTS MORE THAN 50% OF OVERALL OIL DEMAND Total hypothesis Reference
More information1 INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY MARKET DEFINITION MARKET SCOPE... 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION... 12 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY... 12 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION... 12 1.3 MARKET SCOPE... 13 1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED... 13 1.3.2 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY... 13 1.4 CURRENCY...
More informationLINAMAR Success in a Rapidly Changing Automotive Industry
LINAMAR Success in a Rapidly Changing Automotive Industry Linda Hasenfratz Chief Executive Officer January 2019 Linamar Diversified Global Manufacturing Diversified Manufactured Products that Power Vehicles,
More informationDeep-dive E-Mobility
Dr. Jochen Schröder President Business Division E-Mobility CES - 17th Annual J.P. Morgan Auto Tech Conference Las Vegas Automotive OEM at a glance Automotive OEM At a Glance Sales and EBIT margin 3) Sales
More informationInfographics on Electromobility (January 2019)
Infographics on Electromobility (January 2019) Publisher: BMW Group Corporate Communications Electromobility Last Update: 04.01.2019 Contact: presse@bmw.de ELECTROMOBILITY IN GERMANY. SHARE IN NEW REGISTRATIONS
More informationAutomotive Market: Where Do We Go From Here?
Automotive Market: Where Do We Go From Here? June, 3 rd 211 Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Eighteenth Annual Automotive Outlook Symposium Jeff Schuster Executive Director, Forecasting and Analysis jeff.schuster@jdpa.com
More informationGlobal EV Outlook 2017
Global EV Outlook 217 Marine GORNER Vienna, 28 September 218 IEA Electric Vehicle Initiative Government-to-government forum, now comprising 15 countries Currently chaired by China and coordinated by the
More informationWhen to Expect Robust
EV vs ICE Vehicles: When to Expect Robust Competition? VYGON Consulting - March 2016 Authors Grigory VYGON Managing Director, Ph.D. Econ info@vygon.consulting Maria BELOVA Senior Analyst, Ph.D. Econ M.Belova@vygon.consulting
More informationTECHNOLOGY PRESENTATION. Milano November 28th, 2017
TECHNOLOGY PRESENTATION Milano November 28th, 2017 Laurent HEBENSTREIT Chief Executive Officer Agenda 1 2 3 Introduction Technology Profitable Growth Strategy 3 I Introduction Who is Sogefi? o Young automotive
More informationNancy Homeister Manager, Fuel Economy Regulatory Strategy and Planning
SLIDE 0 Nancy Homeister Manager, Fuel Economy Regulatory Strategy and Planning Automotive Product Portfolios in the Age of CAFE Wednesday, February 13, 2013 SLIDE 0 SLIDE 1 1 SLIDE 1 SLIDE 2 The Four Pillars
More informationChina s ZEV Credit Policy September 5-6, 2017 In Brussels
Yunshi Wang, Co-director, China-U.S. ZEV Policy Lab and Director, China Center for Energy and Transportation China s ZEV Credit Policy September 5-6, 2017 In Brussels China is Adopting California ZEV Mandate
More informationElectric Vehicle Initiative (EVI) What it does & where it is going
Indian Transport Sector: Marching towards Sustainable Mobility Electric Vehicle Initiative (EVI) What it does & where it is going COP-23 Side Event, November 14, 2017 India Pavilion, Bonn, Germany Sarbojit
More informationThe Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Manufacturing
Photo courtesy Toyota Motor Sales USA Inc. According to Toyota, as of March 2013, the company had sold more than 5 million hybrid vehicles worldwide. Two million of these units were sold in the US. What
More informationThe Outlook For The Autocatalyst Market in China. October, 2016
The Outlook For The Autocatalyst Market in China October, 2016 000 oz Share of global pgm demand China Gross PGM Demand vs Global demand 6,000 35% 5,000 30% 4,000 3,000 2,000 25% 20% 15% 10% 1,000 5% 0
More informationChina s New Electric Vehicle Market Perspective and Future Outlook
China s New Electric Vehicle Market Perspective and Future Outlook AAGinkgo Ginkgo Management Management Consulting ConsultingWhite Publication Paper HAMBURG SHANGHAI SINGAPORE ZURICH 2014 2019 Introduction
More informationTHREE MONTHS REPORT, JAN MARCH 2016
THREE MONTHS REPORT, JAN MARCH 2016 TELEPHONE CONFERENCE 26 APRIL, 2016, AT 14:30 CET TOMMY ANDERSSON, PRESIDENT AND CEO HELENA WENNERSTRÖM, EVP AND CFO TO PARTICIPATE, PLEASE CALL 5 MINUTES BEFORE THE
More informationEV, fuel cells and biofuels competitors or partners?
EV, fuel cells and biofuels competitors or partners? Presentation to the Institute of Engineering and Technology 16 th November 2011 Greg Archer, Managing Director, Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership LowCVP
More informationElectric Vehicles Global Scenario. November 2017
Electric Vehicles Global Scenario November 2017 How do you balance the pace of innovation with regulations? It s not a marathon, it s a sprint The better the question. The better the answer. The better
More informationNEW ENERGY -4- MOBILITY TECHNOLOGIES
April 2017 Anne Kleczka; BMW Group Hannover Fair 2017 BMW TECHNOLOGY FOCUS AREAS. BMW Group Technology Focus Areas. Powertrain Digitalization Efficient Dynamics NEXT E-Drive Hydrogen Connectivity Artificial
More informationSucceeding In Mexico s Automotive Industry
Succeeding In Mexico s Automotive Industry Inside Mexico s Auto Industry Conference MEXICONOW MAY 2015 Discussion Topics Introductions 5 Key Megatrends Impacting the Automotive Industry Automotive Industry
More informationElectric Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges
Electric Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges Henry Lee and Alex Clark HKS Energy Policy Seminar Nov. 13, 2017 11/13/2017 HKS Energy Policy Seminar 1 Introduction In 2011, Grant Lovellette and I wrote
More informationNew Automotive Innovation and Growth Team (NAIGT)
New Automotive Innovation and Growth Team (NAIGT) LowCVP IWG 24 June 2009 NAIGT Aim To develop strategies for the future competitiveness of the automotive industry in the UK over the next 15 years We need
More informationA multi-model approach: international electric vehicle adoption
A multi-model approach: international electric vehicle adoption Alan Jenn Postdoctoral Researcher Gil Tal Professional Researcher Lew Fulton STEPS Director Sustainable Transportation Energy Pathways Institute
More informationNancy Gioia Director, Global Electrification Ford Motor Company
Electrification of Transportation It s s a matter of when, not if Key Trends and Drivers for the Future June 14, 2011 Nancy Gioia Director, Global Electrification Ford Motor Company From our Executive
More informationInfluences on the market for low carbon vehicles
Influences on the market for low carbon vehicles 2020-30 Alex Stewart Senior Consultant Element Energy Low CVP conference 2011 1 About Element Energy London FC bus, launched December 2010 Riversimple H2
More informationVendor Performance & Announcement April 2018
Vendor Performance & Announcement April 2018 Mr. Sander Willems, Strategic Purchasing Mrs. Sandra Voordeckers, Supplier Quality Assurance Mr. Ted Witteveen, Supply Chain Management Performance Apr 2018
More informationThe Global Automotive Industry Challenges and Opportunities
The Global Automotive Industry Challenges and Opportunities 21st International Recycled Aluminium Conference Dubai - UAE 5 th November, 2013 Ahmed M.Sorour Chief Executive Officer Qatar Automotive Gateway
More informationH 2. Dec 10,
H 2 Dec 10, 2015 www.steps.ucdavis.edu The potential for low-carbon vehicles around the world Lew Fulton, Gil Tal, Aria Berliner, Tom Turrentine This project is developing a new approach to projecting
More informationChallenges on the Road to Electrification of Vehicles. Hrishikesh Sathawane Analyst Lux Research, Inc. October, 2011
Challenges on the Road to Electrification of Vehicles Hrishikesh Sathawane Analyst Lux Research, Inc. October, 2011 Lux Research Helps clients capitalize on science-driven innovation, identifying new business
More informationFuture of Mobility and Role of E-mobility for Future Sustainable Transport. Petr Dolejší Director Mobility and Sustainable Transport
Future of Mobility and Role of E-mobility for Future Sustainable Transport Petr Dolejší Director Mobility and Sustainable Transport ACEA MEMBERS 3 KEY FIGURES ABOUT THE INDUSTRY 12.1 million direct and
More informationHEV, EV, Diesel Technology ; Indian trends and Role of Government for supporting
HEV, EV, Diesel Technology ; Indian trends and Role of Government for supporting Presented: 6 th JAMA SIAM meeting 30 th. November 2011 Tokyo 30th November 2011 Tokyo Encouraging Electric Mobility and
More informationAUTOMOTIVE ALUMINUM GROWTH SURGE : ALUMINUM CONTENT IN NORTH AMERICAN LIGHT VEHICLES
AUTOMOTIVE ALUMINUM GROWTH SURGE 2016-2028: ALUMINUM CONTENT IN NORTH AMERICAN LIGHT VEHICLES STUDY CONDUCTED BY ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION ALUMINUM TRANSPORTATION GROUP (ATG) 2 PRESENTERS Doug Richman Technical
More informationUmicore and clean mobility
Umicore and clean mobility Denis Goffaux Chief Technology Officer E-mobil BW TECHNOLOGIETAG, Stuttgart 10 October 2012 Key megatrends for Umicore More stringent emission control Resource scarcity More
More informationGLOBAL AUTOMOBILE BUMPY ROAD AHEAD
GLOBAL AUTOMOBILE BUMPY ROAD AHEAD WEBINAR Allianz Research/ Maxime Lemerle Paris / September 2018, 25th Copyright Allianz EXECTIVE SUMMARY 01 THE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET IS SET TO GROW BY +3.0% IN 2018 COMPARED
More informationPerspectives on Vehicle Technology and Market Trends
Perspectives on Vehicle Technology and Market Trends Mike Hartrick Sr. Regulatory Planning Engineer, FCA US LLC UC Davis STEPS Workshop: Achieving Targets Through 2030 - Davis, CA Customer Acceptance and
More informationElectric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure World 2012 (Summary)
Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure World 2012 (Summary) Author: Helena Perslow, Senior Market Analyst helena.perslow@ihs.com IMS Research Europe IMS Research USA IMS Research China IMS Research
More informationVehicle Fuel Economy Standards and Feebate System
Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards and Feebate System Zifei Yang Researcher ACEEE International Symposium on Energy Efficiency Washington DC, June 26, 2018 What is ICCT? ICCT is an independent non-profit research
More informationElectrified Transportation Challenges
Electrified Transportation Challenges Shahram Zarei Electrified Powertrain Engineering Ford Motor Co. An Industry Session APEC 2017 SLIDE 1 Introduction SLIDE 2 At the end of the 19 th century, big cities
More informationU.S. Fuel Economy and Fuels Regulations and Outlook
U.S. Fuel Economy and Fuels Regulations and Outlook An Industry Perspective Mike Hartrick Fuels2018 May 23, 2018 Topics Market Perspective Regulatory Perspective What Could Changes in Fuel Economy Regulations
More informationEnergy Challenges and Costs for Transport & Mobility. 13th EU Hitachi Science and Technology Forum: Transport and Mobility towards 2050
Energy Challenges and Costs for Transport & Mobility 13th EU Hitachi Science and Technology Forum: Transport and Mobility towards 25 Dr. Lewis Fulton Head, Energy Policy and Technology, IEA www.iea.org
More informationGEAR 2030 Working Group 1 Project Team 2 'Zero emission vehicles' DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS
GEAR 2030 Working Group 1 Project Team 2 'Zero emission vehicles' DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction The EU Member States have committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% by 2050 with an intermediate
More informationInitiatives for Strengthening Competitiveness of Powertrain Business
Initiatives for Strengthening Competitiveness of Powertrain Business April 27, 2018 Yasumori Ihara, President of Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. Basic Stance of Powertrain Business Strategies I Initiatives to Increased
More informationDECARBONISATION OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR CONSIDERING GLOBAL LEARNING AND FLEXIBILITY POTENTIAL FOR THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEM
DECARBONISATION OF THE TRANSPORT SECTOR CONSIDERING GLOBAL LEARNING AND FLEXIBILITY POTENTIAL FOR THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEM Stephanie Heitel, Dr. Michael Krail - Fraunhofer ISI Katrin Seddig, Dr. Patrick
More informationGlobal Metering Pump Market Research Report - Forecast to 2023
Report Information More information from: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/2913 Global Metering Pump Market Research Report - Forecast to 2023 Report / Search Code: MRFR/E&P/2137-HCRR Publish
More informationFuture trends on critical materials. Patrick Koller June 2018
Future trends on critical materials Patrick Koller June 2018 Agenda 1 Energy mix evolution 2 Critical raw material availability 3 Necessary investments 4 Take away World Materials Forum June 2018 2 Agenda
More informationExecutive summary. In Kooperation mit. Bildquelle: ZF Friedrichshafen. Forum Elektromobilität
Antrieb im Wandel Die Elektrifizierung des Antriebsstrangs von Fahrzeugen und ihre Auswirkung auf den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau und die Zulieferindustrie Executive summary Bildquelle: ZF Friedrichshafen
More informationK.G. Duleep President, H-D Systems International Transport Forum, 2012 Global Fuel Economy Initiative
K.G. Duleep President, H-D Systems International Transport Forum, 2012 Global Fuel Economy Initiative Fuel economy of the new car fleet is widely different across countries but there is no analysis of
More informationThe path to electrification. April 11, 2018
The path to electrification April 11, 2018 Forward-looking Statements This presentation, as well as other statements made by Delphi Technologies PLC (the Company ), contain forward-looking statements that
More informationE-mobility opportunities & challenges 1st Green Manufacturing Summit Sectoral Case Automotive. New Dehli, 18 March, 2011
E-mobility opportunities & challenges st Green Manufacturing Summit Sectoral Case Automotive New Dehli, 8 March, 20 Electricity has a long history in car technology La Jamais Contente, 899 Toyota GM (Opel)
More informationMAGNA DRIVETRAIN FORUM 2018
MAGNA DRIVETRAIN FORUM 2018 KREISEL ELECTRIC MAGNA DRIVETRAIN FORUM SOLUTIONS FOR THE ENERGY TRANSITION 2.0 1) Introduction of KREISEL 2) Energy transition 2.0 3) Challenges of implementation 4) Targets
More informationMegatrends and their Impact on the Future of Mobility
Megatrends and their Impact on the Future of Mobility Lisa Whalen w w w. m a r k e t s a n d m a r k e t s. c o m w w w. m a r k e t s a n d m a r k e t s. c o m 1 MARKETSANDMARKETS THE WORLD S LARGEST
More informationChina New Energy Vehicle Report
China New Energy Vehicle Report October 2017 Copyright 2017, JSC Automotive. No part of this report may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means, without JSC Automotive s prior written agreement.
More informationAutomotive Industry. Slovakia. EHSK Analysts team Peter Kellich and Andrej Krokoš. April 2017
Automotive Industry Slovakia EHSK Analysts team Peter Kellich and Andrej Krokoš April 2017 Overview: Automotive industry in Slovakia key facts Demand context and actual situation Trade-restrictions-related
More informationEVS DEVELOPMENT IN CHINESE CITIES AND THE DRIVERS WENJING YI ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINA MAY 11 TH 2016
EVS DEVELOPMENT IN CHINESE CITIES AND THE DRIVERS WENJING YI ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHINA MAY 11 TH 2016 ABOUT ERI Energy Research Institute is the national research organization conducting comprehensive
More informationAUDI SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM
Audi Sustainability Report 2017 1 AUDI SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAM The Audi Sustainability Program combines strategic goals in the area of sustainability with concrete measures. It is divided into the four
More informationEV1 RETROSPECTIVE AND THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE REVOLUTION ROBERT DAWSEY VICE PRESIDENT, ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS FLEX POWER CONTROL INC.
EV1 RETROSPECTIVE AND THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE REVOLUTION ROBERT DAWSEY VICE PRESIDENT, ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS FLEX POWER CONTROL INC. Bio 32 years working for GM (including 5 for Hughes Aircraft Company)
More informationContinuity in internationalization: BOGE Rubber & Plastics on track for further growth
Page 1/6, 28.04.2017 Automotive supplier reports record sales Continuity in internationalization: BOGE Rubber & Plastics on track for further growth Sales grew by 3.2 percent to EUR 763.4 million in 2016
More informationIEA Implementing Agreement Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
IEA Implementing Agreement Hybrid and Electric Vehicles Dr. Gereon Meyer Operating Agent Task 1 Information Exchange and Task 29 Electrified Connected and Automated Vehicles Head of Strategic Projects
More informationFOCUS ON ITALY: HYBRID VEHICLES FY2015 MARKET OVERVIEW. Analysis completed: January All Rights Reserved JATO Dynamics Ltd 1
FOCUS ON ITALY: HYBRID VEHICLES FY2015 MARKET OVERVIEW Analysis completed: January 2016 All Rights Reserved JATO Dynamics Ltd 1 INTRODUCTION The progression of the Italian market for hybrid vehicles is
More informationBattery Storage for Business
Battery Storage for Business Making the energy transition possible David Malicki Senior Team Leader Energy Efficient Business NSW Office of Environment and Heritage Do you need help? OEH Tools and Assets
More informationINDUSTRIALL GLOBAL UNION FCA-CNH NETWORK MEETING March 2017 Detroit, US
INDUSTRIALL GLOBAL UNION FCA-CNH NETWORK MEETING 14-16 March 2017 Detroit, US IG Metall Situation in the automotive industry 2016 2016 overview IG Metall The world automarket of passenger cars has increased
More informationTENSION 12 V TO 800 V EFFICIENT POWERTRAIN SOLUTIONS
TENSION 12 V TO 800 V EFFICIENT POWERTRAIN SOLUTIONS FISITA 2015 K. Küpper, T. Pels, M. Deiml, A. Angermaier, T. Bürger, A. Weinzerl, G. Teuschl AVL List GmbH Public CHANGE OF BOUNDARIES POWERTRAIN ELECTRIFICATION
More informationGlobal Motorcycle Market Research Report 2018
Report Information More information from: https://www.wiseguyreports.com/reports/3271957-global-motorcycle-market-research-report-2018 Global Motorcycle Market Research Report 2018 Report / Search Code:
More informationADP!AALTO FULL SPEED AHEAD! A presentation to the CEO of Harley Davidson 1/10/2019. Matti Karjalainen Patrick Timmer Lauri Hanninen Tommi Bergstrom
DISRUPTION ADP!AALTO PARTNERS FULL SPEED AHEAD! A presentation to the CEO of Harley Davidson 1/10/2019 Matti Karjalainen Patrick Timmer Lauri Hanninen Tommi Bergstrom Executive Summary How to Maintain
More informationWarring Neilsen Corporate Affairs Manager Elgas
Warring Neilsen Corporate Affairs Manager Elgas Stimulating Growth thru Innovation To be successful in creating growth we need innovation thru partnerships and technology adaption. A clear strategy invest
More informationPRESS RELEASE 11:00 GMT, 29 th November 2017 London, UK
PRESS RELEASE 11:00 GMT, 29 th November 2017 London, UK TESLA MOST POPULAR GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE BRAND BETWEEN JANUARY AND SEPTEMBER 2017 Electric vehicle (EV) car sales accelerated during the first
More informationOPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGES FOR AUTOMOTIVE COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS
OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGES FOR AUTOMOTIVE COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS Dr. Hendrik Mainka Engineering & Planning Center - Innovations 1 Volkswagen Group : 12 brands > 335 models 2 Key Figures of the Volkswagen
More informationElectric mobility Status, policies and prospects. Clean Transport Forum - 22 September 2016, Bogotá Marine Gorner, International Energy Agency
Electric mobility Status, policies and prospects Clean Transport Forum - 22 September 216, Bogotá Marine Gorner, International Energy Agency Well to wheel GHG emissions (Gt CO₂) GHG emissions (Gt CO₂)
More informationemobility in Europe: Status and outlook 1. Fachtagung "e-mobil in niederösterreich" S. Pölten, March 4, 2015
emobility in Europe: Status and outlook 1. Fachtagung "e-mobil in niederösterreich" S. Pölten, March 4, 2015 Contents A. Drivers for Powertrain Electrification 3 B. Status emobility (emobility Index Q3/14)
More informationEberspächer Exhaust Technology. ASEAN Strategy. prepared by Babak Niazi. DRIVING THE MOBILITY OF TOMORROW Eberspächer
Eberspächer Exhaust Technology ASEAN Strategy DRIVING THE MOBILITY OF TOMORROW prepared by Babak Niazi ASEAN Member Countries Production Forecast Top Ten Countries Global Rank Country Production Vol. in
More informationEstablishment of Joint Venture with PSA for EV Traction Motor Business
NIDEC CORPORATION Establishment of Joint Venture with PSA for EV Traction Motor Business Nidec Corporation December 4 th, 2017 Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements These presentation materials and
More informationSiemens Pioneer in Electric Mobility
Siemens Pioneer in Electric Mobility Prof. Dr. Siegfried Russwurm Member of the Managing Board of Siemens AG CEO Siemens Press Conference Munich, August 31, 2011 Siemens Siemens AG, 2011. AG, 2011. All
More informationGHG Emissions and Oil Consumptions from Transportation Sectors in US and China - Current Status and Future Trend
GHG Emissions and Oil Consumptions from Transportation Sectors in US and China - Current Status and Future Trend Transportation Consultant Sustainable Multi-Modal Transportation for Chinese Cities International
More informationDEVELOPING VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS FOR SOUTH AFRICAN PASSENGER VEHICLES
DEVELOPING VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS FOR SOUTH AFRICAN PASSENGER VEHICLES INTRODUCTION: POLICY DIRECTIVE 2 Developing FES and the linkages with The Green Transport Strategy The Development of the
More information