Heavy Equipment Operator

Transcription

1 Occupational Analyses Series Heavy Equipment Operator 2012 Trades and Apprenticeship Division Labour Market Integration Directorate National Occupational Classification: Disponible en français sous le titre : Division des métiers et de l apprentissage Direction de l intégration au marché du travail 7421 Opérateur/opératrice d équipement lourd

2 You can order this publication by contacting: Trades and Apprenticeship Division Labour Market Integration Directorate Human Resources and Skills Development Canada 140 Promenade du Portage, Phase IV, 5 th Floor Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0J9 Online: This document is available on demand in alternative formats (Large Print, Braille, Audio Cassette, Audio CD, e-text Diskette, e-text CD, or DAISY), by contacting O-Canada ( ). If you have a hearing or speech impairment and use a teletypewriter (TTY), call Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2012 Paper Cat. No.: HS42-1/ E ISBN: PDF Cat. No.: HS42-1/ E-PDF ISBN:

3 FOREWORD The Canadian Council of Directors of Apprenticeship (CCDA) recognizes this National Occupational Analysis (NOA) as the national standard for the occupation of Heavy Equipment Operator. Background The first National Conference on Apprenticeship in Trades and Industries, held in Ottawa in 1952, recommended that the federal government be requested to cooperate with provincial and territorial apprenticeship committees and officials in preparing analyses of a number of skilled occupations. To this end, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) sponsors a program, under the guidance of the CCDA, to develop a series of NOAs. The NOAs have the following objectives: to describe and group the tasks performed by skilled workers; to identify which tasks are performed in every province and territory; to develop instruments for use in the preparation of Interprovincial Red Seal Examinations and curricula for training leading to the certification of skilled workers; to facilitate the mobility of apprentices and skilled workers in Canada; and, to supply employers, employees, associations, industries, training institutions and governments with analyses of occupations. - I -

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The CCDA and HRSDC wish to express sincere appreciation for the contribution of the many tradespersons, industrial establishments, professional associations, labour organizations, provincial and territorial government departments and agencies, and all others who contributed to this publication. Special acknowledgement is extended by HRSDC and the CCDA to the following representatives from the trade. Craig Chapman Les Gale Darrell Johanson Lyndon Kipling Tim Milne Curtis Rodgers Lee Sorken Daryl Sweetland Russel Vachon Patrick Watson Joe Williams Prince Edward Island Newfoundland and Labrador Saskatchewan Northwest Territory Manitoba New Brunswick British Columbia Manitoba Ontario Canadian Operating Engineers Joint Apprenticeship and Training Council (COEJATC) Nova Scotia This analysis was prepared by the Labour Market Integration Directorate of HRSDC. The coordinating, facilitating and processing of this analysis were undertaken by employees of the NOA development team of the Trades and Apprenticeship Division. The host jurisdiction of British Columbia also participated in the development of this NOA. - II -

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF PUBLISHED NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSES STRUCTURE OF ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYSIS I II III V VII IX ANALYSIS SAFETY 3 SCOPE OF THE HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATOR TRADE 4 OCCUPATIONAL OBSERVATIONS 5 ESSENTIAL SKILLS SUMMARY 6 BLOCK A COMMON OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS Task 1 Uses and maintains tools and equipment. 9 Task 2 Maintains safe work environment. 12 Task 3 Organizes work. 17 BLOCK B HEAVY EQUIPMENT INSPECTION AND BASIC MAINTENANCE Task 4 Performs scheduled maintenance. 20 Task 5 Performs inspections III -

6 BLOCK C COMMON HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATOR TASKS Task 6 Performs basic heavy equipment operator functions. 26 Task 7 Transports equipment. 32 BLOCK D EARTH MOVING OPERATIONS Task 8 Operates haulage trucks. 36 Task 9 Operates loaders. 38 Task 10 Operates tractor-loader-backhoes (TLB). 42 Task 11 Operates dozers. 47 Task 12 Operates excavators. 53 Task 13 Operates graders. 59 APPENDICES APPENDIX A TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 65 APPENDIX B GLOSSARY 68 APPENDIX C ACRONYMS 71 APPENDIX D BLOCK AND TASK WEIGHTING 72 APPENDIX E PIE CHART 75 APPENDIX F TASK PROFILE CHART 76 - IV -

7 LIST OF PUBLISHED NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSES (Red Seal Trades) TITLE NOC Code Agricultural Equipment Technician (2007) 7312 Appliance Service Technician (2011) 7332 Automotive Painter (2009) 7322 Automotive Service Technician (2011) 7321 Baker (2011) 6252 Boilermaker (2008) 7262 Bricklayer (2011) 7281 Cabinetmaker (2007) 7272 Carpenter (2010) 7271 Concrete Finisher (2006) 7282 Construction Craft Worker (2009) 7611 Construction Electrician (2011) 7241 Cook (2011) 6242 Electrical Rewind Mechanic (1999) 7333 Floorcovering Installer (2012) 7295 Glazier (2008) 7292 Hairstylist (2011) 6271 Heavy Duty Equipment Technician (2009) 7312 Heavy Equipment Operator (2012) 7421 Industrial Electrician (2011) 7242 Industrial Mechanic (Millwright) (2009) 7311 Instrumentation and Control Technician (2010) 2243 Insulator (Heat and Frost) (2007) 7293 Ironworker (Generalist) (2010) 7264 Ironworker (Reinforcing) (2010) 7264 Ironworker (Structural/Ornamental) (2010) 7264 Landscape Horticulturist (2010) 2225 Lather (Interior Systems Mechanic) (2012) 7284 National Occupational Classification - V -

8 TITLE NOC Code Machinist (2010) 7231 Metal Fabricator (Fitter) (2008) 7263 Mobile Crane Operator (2009) 7371 Mobile Crane Operator (Hydraulic) (2012) 7371 Motorcycle Mechanic (2006) 7334 Motor Vehicle Body Repairer (Metal and Paint) (2010) 7322 Oil Burner Mechanic (2006) 7331 Painter and Decorator (2011) 7294 Partsperson (2010) 1472 Plumber (2010) 7251 Powerline Technician (2009) 7244 Recreation Vehicle Service Technician (2006) 7383 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Mechanic (2009) 7313 Rig Technician (2008) 8232 Roofer (2006) 7291 Sheet Metal Worker (2010) 7261 Sprinkler System Installer (2009) 7252 Steamfitter Pipefitter (2010) 7252 Tilesetter (2010) 7283 Tool and Die Maker (2010) 7232 Tower Crane Operator (2012) 7371 Transport Trailer Technician (2008) 7321 Truck and Transport Mechanic (2010) 7321 Welder (2009) 7265 Requests for printed copies of NOAs may be forwarded to: Trades and Apprenticeship Division Labour Market Integration Directorate Human Resources and Skills Development Canada 140 Promenade du Portage, Phase IV, 5 th Floor Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0J9 These publications can be ordered or downloaded online at: Links to Essential Skills Profiles for some of these trades are also available on this website. - VI -

9 STRUCTURE OF ANALYSIS To facilitate understanding of the occupation, the work performed by tradespersons is divided into the following categories: Blocks Tasks Sub-Tasks largest division within the analysis that is comprised of a distinct set of trade activities distinct actions that describe the activities within a block distinct actions that describe the activities within a task activities that a person should be able to do in order to be called competent in the trade The analysis also provides the following information: Trends Related Components Tools and Equipment Context Required Knowledge changes identified that impact or will impact the trade including work practices, technological advances, and new materials and equipment list of components, items, materials and other elements relevant to the block categories of tools and equipment used to perform all tasks in the block; these tools and equipment are listed in Appendix A information to clarify the intent and meaning of tasks elements of knowledge that an individual must acquire to adequately perform a task - VII -

10 The appendices located at the end of the analysis are described as follows: Appendix A Tools and Equipment Appendix B Glossary Appendix C Acronyms Appendix D Block and Task Weighting Appendix E Pie Chart Appendix F Task Profile Chart non-exhaustive list of tools and equipment used in this trade definitions or explanations of selected technical terms used in the analysis list of acronyms used in the analysis with their full name block and task percentages submitted by each jurisdiction, and the national averages of these percentages; these national averages determine the number of questions for each block and task in the Interprovincial exam graph which depicts the national percentages of exam questions assigned to blocks chart which outlines graphically the blocks, tasks and sub-tasks of this analysis - VIII -

11 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALYSIS Development of Analysis A draft analysis is developed by a committee of industry experts in the field led by a team of facilitators from HRSDC. This draft analysis breaks down all the tasks performed in the occupation and describes the knowledge and abilities required for a tradesperson to demonstrate competence in the trade. Draft Review The NOA development team then forwards a copy of the analysis and its translation to provincial and territorial authorities for a review of its content and structure. Their recommendations are assessed and incorporated into the analysis. Validation and Weighting The analysis is sent to all provinces and territories for validation and weighting. Participating jurisdictions consult with industry to validate and weight the document, examining the blocks, tasks and sub-tasks of the analysis as follows: BLOCKS TASKS SUB-TASKS Each jurisdiction assigns a percentage of questions to each block for an examination that would cover the entire trade. Each jurisdiction assigns a percentage of exam questions to each task within a block. Each jurisdiction indicates, with a YES or a NO, whether or not each sub-task is performed by skilled workers within the occupation in its jurisdiction. The results of this exercise are submitted to the NOA development team who then analyzes the data and incorporates it into the document. The NOA provides the individual jurisdictional validation results as well as the national averages of all responses. The national averages for block and task weighting guide the Interprovincial Red Seal Examination plan for the trade. This method for the validation of the NOA also identifies common core sub-tasks across Canada for the occupation. If at least 70% of the responding jurisdictions perform a sub-task, it shall be considered common core. Interprovincial Red Seal Examinations are based on the common core sub-tasks identified through this validation process. - IX -

12 Definitions for Validation and Weighting YES NO NV ND NOT COMMON CORE (NCC) NATIONAL AVERAGE % sub-task performed by qualified workers in the occupation in a specific jurisdiction sub-task not performed by qualified workers in the occupation in a specific jurisdiction analysis Not Validated by a province/territory trade Not Designated in a province/territory sub-task, task or block performed by less than 70% of responding jurisdictions; these will not be tested by the Interprovincial Red Seal Examination for the trade average percentage of questions assigned to each block and task in Interprovincial Red Seal Examination for the trade Provincial/Territorial Abbreviations NL NS PE NB QC ON MB SK AB BC NT YT NU Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Northwest Territories Yukon Territory Nunavut - X -

13 ANALYSIS

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15 SAFETY Safe working procedures and conditions, accident prevention, and the preservation of health are of primary importance to industry in Canada. These responsibilities are shared and require the joint efforts of government, employers and employees. It is imperative that all parties become aware of circumstances that may lead to injury or harm. Safe learning experiences and work environments can be created by controlling the variables and behaviours that may contribute to accidents or injury. It is generally recognized that safety-conscious attitudes and work practices contribute to a healthy, safe and accident-free work environment. It is imperative to apply and be familiar with the Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) Acts and Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) Regulations. As well, it is essential to determine workplace hazards and take measures to protect oneself, co-workers, the public and the environment. Safety education is an integral part of training in all jurisdictions. As safety is an imperative part of all trades, it is assumed and therefore it is not included as a qualifier of any activities. However, the technical safety tasks and sub-tasks specific to the trade are included in this analysis - 3 -

16 SCOPE OF THE HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATOR TRADE Heavy Equipment Operator is this trade s official Red Seal occupational title approved by the CCDA. This analysis covers tasks performed by heavy equipment operators whose occupational title has been identified by some provinces and territories of Canada under the following names: Heavy Equipment Operator Heavy equipment operators operate heavy equipment used in the construction and maintenance of roads, bridges, airports and utilities, and the construction of gas and oil pipelines, tunnels, buildings and other structures. They also operate equipment in surface mining, quarrying, and land clearing activities. Heavy equipment operators are employed by construction companies, heavy equipment contractors, public works departments and pipeline, logging, mining, oil, cargo-handling and other industries. They operate heavy equipment such as articulated haul trucks, tractor-loader-backhoes (TLB), excavators, dozers, loaders and graders to excavate, move, load and grade earth, rock, gravel or other materials during construction and related activities. They operate dozers, excavators, skidders or other heavy equipment to clear brush and stumps prior to logging activities and to build roads at logging and surface mining sites. They use heavy equipment to maintain winter roads and to move, load and unload cargo. Heavy equipment operators are also responsible for preparing their equipment for transportation, doing a safety check on their equipment before every job and for cleaning, oiling and refilling their equipment. Noise from machinery and equipment hinders communication at the work site. Often hand signals and flags are the only practical forms of communication. Distance between workers, the need to wear ear protection and the presence of dust and blind spots blocking eye contact with other workers also make communication difficult. Key attributes for people entering this trade are good eye-hand coordination, mechanical aptitude, alertness and safety consciousness. Heavy equipment operators sit in vehicles for extended periods of time. Adjusting equipment or co-ordinating activities with other workers may require some walking, lifting and bending

17 OCCUPATIONAL OBSERVATIONS The computer is increasingly being used for precision control to optimize heavy equipment operator efficiencies. The use of computerized equipment has raised the level of ability of heavy equipment operators to perform more precise work resulting in higher productivity and quality of project. This in turn requires a higher and more complete level of training. Satellite monitoring and diagnosing of equipment has been introduced and is becoming more widespread. The use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and wireless technology has been introduced to improve equipment operation. The use of remote control equipment is increasing in the industry, which produces more precise control and efficiencies. More training is typical in the industry which improves operating techniques and increases safety, reduces downtime and improves efficiency. A wide variety of new attachments are being developed and introduced to help improve efficiencies. New ergonomic controls are continually adapted and improved for ease of use and to reduce heavy equipment operator fatigue and injury, which in turn improves production. New cab designs featuring more open and improved visibility in heavy equipment operator stations, increases heavy equipment operator awareness and safety. New technology that is being introduced with more efficient engines and transmissions such as hydrostatic drive transmissions and electric powertrains, results in smoother transitions and operations, which also reduces heavy equipment operator fatigue. Advancements in technology are allowing heavy equipment operators to work in all environmental conditions, such as extreme temperature conditions. More emphasis through due diligence is being placed on safety. Changes to regulations and standards will have an impact on the duties and the way industry and heavy equipment operators deal with situations that arise on site. With increased emphasis on eco-friendly practices, operators are required to practice environmental stewardship

18 ESSENTIAL SKILLS SUMMARY Essential skills are needed for work, learning and life. They provide the foundation for learning all other skills and enable people to evolve with their jobs and adapt to workplace change. Through extensive research, the Government of Canada and other national and international agencies have identified and validated nine essential skills. These skills are used in nearly every occupation and throughout daily life in different ways. A series of CCDA-endorsed tools have been developed to support apprentices in their training and to be better prepared for a career in the trades. The tools can be used independently or with the assistance of a tradesperson, trainer, employer, teacher or mentor to: understand how essential skills are used in the trades; learn about individual essential skills strengths and areas for improvement; and improve essential skills and increase success in an apprenticeship program. The tools are available online or for order at: The essential skills profile for the heavy equipment operator trade indicates that the most important essential skills are numeracy and thinking skills, such as problem solving. The application of these skills may be described throughout this document within the competency statements which support each subtask of the trade. The following are summaries of the requirements in each of the essential skills, taken from the essential skills profile. A link to the complete essential skills profile can be found at Reading Heavy equipment operators use reading skills to refer to manuals on the operation and maintenance of machinery. They are required to read Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) when working with products such as cleaners, oils, fuels and other chemicals. Heavy equipment operators may read pamphlets explaining regulations and codes, bulletins from unions, employers or other regulatory bodies, and memos or work orders with information on the nature of the work to be performed. Document Use Heavy equipment operators work on a daily basis with documents such as labels on hazardous materials, signs, lists, operator s manuals, inspection forms, hazard assessment forms, log books and time sheets. They may read or mark stakes with station numbers and slope ratios, mark off caution areas on maps and make sketches or drawings. They may also be required to consult surveyor charts and blueprints

19 Writing Heavy equipment operators may record information about work performed, time it took, materials used and problems encountered. They make entries in daily equipment reports (logbooks) during pre- and post-operational inspections. They also keep an equipment maintenance log to note repairs made and service schedules. They may write accident and incident reports describing details. Oral Communication Heavy equipment operators use oral communication skills to give directions to, and listen to co-workers, interact with fuel suppliers, truck drivers and mechanics, and participate in safety committees and discussions at the work site concerning how to do a particular job. They may discuss job assignments, equipment problems and material shortages with supervisors, contractors or union dispatchers. Numeracy A heavy equipment operator s skills in numeracy are used to calculate, for example, the number of loads required to remove the sand and the weight distribution of a load being lifted. They may also measure and calculate the slope and ratio of ditches. Heavy equipment operators estimate distances between the machine and various obstacles, width of ramps for space on either side of a machine and how many truck loads of fill are required. They may also be required to convert between the imperial and metric systems of measurement. Thinking Skills Heavy equipment operators use their problem solving skills to deal with machinery breakdowns, ground conditions and difficult manoeuvring situations where space to move machinery is tight or objects stand in the way of completing jobs. Decision making skills are required for determining materials and equipment needed, appropriate and safe preventative maintenance cycles to be performed on equipment, and when to make suggestions to supervisors such as about changes to soil cover specified on blueprints. Heavy equipment operators require job task planning skills to coordinate their work with their co-workers. They may also be required to determine task sequencing or prioritization of tasks considering factors such as terrain, schedules of truck drivers and other suppliers, and unexpected factors such as maintenance emergencies or changing weather conditions. Heavy equipment operators use thinking skills to understand and assess soil types and how weather affects soil conditions. Working with Others Although heavy equipment operators work alone while operating their machines, on construction sites they are members of a team. They work to co-ordinate job tasks with others and must be aware of where other crew members, machines and general public are at all times

20 Computer Use Heavy equipment operators use computer-controlled equipment such as electronic scales, GPS and advanced operating systems. Continuous Learning Heavy equipment operators are expected to take courses throughout their career to stay up to date with regulations, health and safety procedures and new technology. These may include courses such as in hazmat, confined spaces and fall protection. They may be required to obtain or renew certificates or licenses such as WHMIS certificates, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) certificates, ground disturbance certificates, and radio operator and driver's licences. Specific training may also be required to work in areas such as oil field, mining and forestry industries

21 BLOCK A COMMON OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS Trends Technology is becoming more complex and being included as part of new equipment. Heavy equipment operators are required to become more versatile in their skills and in the kinds of equipment they operate. Related Components All components apply. Tools and Equipment See Appendix A. Task 1 Uses and maintains tools and equipment. Context This task involves the maintenance of hand tools, power tools, and measuring and testing equipment. It also includes the use of grade checking and tracking, rigging and lifting, and safety and personal protective equipment (PPE). Required Knowledge K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 8 capacity and configuration of rigging materials and hardware OH&S Acts, WHMIS, local and municipal legislation company policies and procedures types of tools and equipment required for specific tasks hand signals symbols used to identify potential hazards manufacturers specifications first aid requirements - 9 -

22 A-1.01 Maintains hand and power tools. A A A A A clean hand tools to ensure optimum operation lubricate tools according to manufacturers specifications store tools in designated areas such as tool boxes or cabinets use tools for their intended purpose inspect tools and electrical cords for defects and take remedial action such as repairing, replacing, tagging and disposing A-1.02 Maintains measuring and testing equipment. A A A A A clean and dry measuring and testing equipment before storing according to manufacturers specifications store measuring and testing equipment in a safe location according to company policy service measuring instruments according to manufacturers specifications verify calibration levels according to manufacturers specifications recharge laser levels and batteries at the end of each shift

23 A-1.03 Uses grade checking and tracking instruments. A A A A A A A verify calibration of equipment such as electronic equipment and laser levels before use at the beginning of each shift verify that project data file being used corresponds to the project troubleshoot instruments for failures monitor and verify accuracy of the instruments install mobile signal receiver onto equipment and remove after use interpret measurement data on tracking instruments and make necessary adjustments or responses use a string line level to maintain grade A-1.04 Uses rigging and lifting equipment. A A A A A A A A inspect lifting equipment for deficiencies or damage such as cuts, tears, wear and fraying before each use and according to manufacturers specifications maintain rigging and lifting equipment according to manufacturers specifications determine weight of load to be lifted refer to load chart specifications to determine lifting capacity of the equipment select rigging materials and configuration suited to the hoisting task check rigging arrangement to ensure secure lifting use tag lines to guide loads respond to directions given by signal person

24 A-1.05 Uses personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety equipment. A A A A A A wear PPE such as hard hats, safety boots, eye protection, reflective clothing and hearing protection according to site and company policies and safety regulations use spill kits to contain oil and fuel spills inspect and maintain PPE according to manufacturers specifications place or store PPE in a safe location when not in use to prevent damage store safety equipment such as fall protection equipment and gas monitors according to manufacturers specifications use safety equipment such as fall protection equipment, fire extinguishers and first aid kits according to manufacturers specifications and jurisdictional regulations Task 2 Maintains safe work environment. Context This task involves assessing potential hazards, planning worksite safety strategies, securing unattended equipment, performing spill and sediment control procedures, and handling materials. Communicating with others is vital to maintaining a safe work environment. Required Knowledge K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 8 good housekeeping practices contact information for local utilities OH&S Acts, WHMIS colour codes for utility markings site and company policies and procedures procedures to control spills of hazardous materials environmental regulations safe handling of hazardous materials

25 K 9 K 10 soil types and how they affect the approach to the job capabilities and limitations of different types of equipment A-2.01 Assesses potential hazards. A A A A A A A visually inspect the work area on a continual basis to identify potential hazards such as ground conditions, overhead hazards, proximity to buildings, pedestrian and vehicle traffic, and manholes request the locate sheet for the location of all utilities identify the location of utilities according to colour code standards identify and mark location of potential hazards such as manholes and water valves using tools such as cones, ribbons and stakes assess ground and environmental conditions such as rapidly changing weather to determine adverse effects on work location review demolition plan to become aware of hazards and surroundings inspect structure to avoid injury to co-workers and general public, or to prevent damage to surrounding property A-2.02 Plans worksite safety strategies. yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes ND no yes ND ND A A A A provide input into the emergency response plan (ERP) practice good housekeeping by ensuring work area is clear of hazards provide input into the location of garbage receptacles, fuel storage and temporary buildings provide input into the layout of worksite materials, such as bedding sand, pipes and excavated fill

26 A A A A assess soil, ground and weather conditions to plan daily activities accordingly remove visual barriers to ensure eye contact with others and to identify hazards identify hazards related to soil stability such as potential cave in, and report to supervisor ensure underground utilities will be exposed safely A-2.03 Secures unattended equipment. A A A A A perform lockout and other procedures such as locking doors, turning off and locking the master switch park on a level location lower implements and attachments to the ground, apply park brakes, apply wheel chocks, engage lockouts, lock windows and doors, remove key from the ignition, and place guards on windows of unattended equipment affix lockout tags to equipment that has been removed from service store equipment and attachments in a designated location such as a building, compound, and fenced or delineated areas A-2.04 Communicates with others. A A A participate in the documentation of potential hazards use hand signals to communicate with other personnel use communication equipment such as cell or satellite phones, 2-way radios, and equipment horns for signalling

27 A A A A A A use common language and signals to communicate with others to prevent errors on the worksite use equipment to provide instruction to others, such as placing bucket in the air to indicate position of loading, or parking dozer to indicate dump location to other heavy equipment operators communicate with truck driver to determine position of equipment and attachments on trailer, and to establish hand signals when loading equipment on trucks signal driver that truck is loaded and ready to go mentor and provide instruction to apprentices or new personnel provide input to estimate materials such as aggregate or soil required to achieve specified elevations A-2.05 Performs spill control procedures. A A A A A prioritize spill control measures for factors such as health, environment and clean up as per the spill control priority approach use spill kits to contain hazardous materials such as oil, fuel and antifreeze dig a trench or dyke to prevent contamination of manholes or waterways use alternate methods or materials to contain spills, such as sawdust, sand, straw and plastic clean up and dispose of contaminated material according to environmental regulations

28 A-2.06 Performs sediment control procedures. A A A A assist in installing sediment control materials such as silt fences and blankets to protect surrounding vegetation and waterways seal up spoil piles to prevent erosion plan work to minimize damage to the environment caused by sedimentation perform operations away from riparian zones to avoid environmental catastrophes A-2.07 Handles materials. A A A A use, store and dispose of materials such as used oil, antifreeze and fuel in accordance with environmental regulations transport materials such as oil, antifreeze and fuel in accordance with Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) regulations place construction materials such as excavated fill at a safe distance from excavation load material onto, and unload material from, barges according to best practices and regulations

29 Task 3 Organizes work. Context This task includes the use of documentation such as time sheets, inspection checklists, health and safety forms, reporting forms and log books. It also includes interpreting survey indicators and data as well as determining method of approach. Required Knowledge K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 metric and imperial measurement systems basic abbreviations and symbols used in survey markings construction drawing (blueprint) reading equipment capabilities and limitations expressions of slope and grade A-3.01 Checks grade. A A A A A use a laser level attached to the equipment to signal that the correct grade is achieved attach string line to survey stakes from the markings on the survey stakes and use a line level and measuring tape to check grade create reference points on the equipment to assist in obtaining the desired grade use levelling devices such as a basic tripod, and carpenter s, torpedo, digital, and laser levels, GPS and batter boards express slopes using percent, ratio and degree

30 A-3.02 Uses documentation. A A A A complete forms such as time sheets, pre- and post-operational inspection checklists, health and safety forms, log books, and injury, illness or incident reporting forms read and interpret documents such as maps, drawings, memos, charts, labels, locate sheets and MSDS draw sketches to clarify job tasks identify and record hazards in daily hazard analysis report A-3.03 Interprets survey indicators and data. A A A A A clarify abbreviations and symbols by consulting with surveyors or supervisor identify markings on survey indicators such as survey stakes, benchmarks and hubs set up survey stakes as offsets, excavation lines and gridlines verify survey data such as grade elevation and location to ensure accuracy of data notify immediate supervisor of inaccuracies or inconsistencies of survey data

31 A-3.04 Determines method of approach. A A A A A A A use information from drawings and plans to assess method of approach assess underground and overhead obstacles such as building protrusions, roof overhangs, overhead powerlines, snow, bridges and overpasses, and determine if an alternate approach is plausible or needed provide assistance with gathering historical or anecdotal information, and as-built records from local authorities for undocumented conditions adapt operation based on site conditions and environmental information such as proximity to waterways, soil conditions and weather conditions adapt operation based on equipment capability, limitations and availability adapt operation based on number and types of equipment onsite assess site conditions for manoeuvring haulage equipment

32 BLOCK B HEAVY EQUIPMENT INSPECTION AND BASIC MAINTENANCE Trends Documentation of daily operations is becoming increasingly rigorous. Heavy equipment operator responsibilities for maintenance and inspection are changing as technology advances. Computerization is reducing the need for manual checks and maintenance by heavy equipment operators, and requiring specialized mechanics to perform the maintenance. Related Components All components apply. Tools and Equipment See Appendix A. Task 4 Performs scheduled maintenance. Context This task encompasses any maintenance tasks that a heavy equipment operator must know about or perform to ensure the daily operation of the machine. Required Knowledge K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 8 K 9 K 10 good housekeeping practices gauges and monitoring systems such as computer monitoring systems (CMS), attachment specific computers and their use pre-oilers and auto-grease systems glow plugs, pre-heat and ether start systems safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire suppression systems, seat belts, warning devices and backup alarms roll over protective structures (ROPS) and falling objects protective structures (FOPS) undercarriage components such as rollers, sprockets and idlers correct track tension tire pressure, condition and wear manufacturers specifications as per operation and maintenance manuals (OMM)

33 K 11 K 12 re-fuelling and greasing TDG certification B-4.01 Maintains heavy equipment operator station. B B B B clean cab floor using tools such as hand brooms, rags and cleaners to remove dust secure loose items to ensure safety clean windows and mirrors to ensure visibility adjust cab components to individual heavy equipment operator s ergonomics B-4.02 Maintains undercarriage, tires and rims. B adjust track tension according to manufacturers specifications B adjust tire pressure according to manufacturers specifications B tighten loose wheel nuts according to manufacturers specifications B tighten undercarriage component mounting bolts B clean tracks and rollers of foreign matter such as mud and snow

34 B-4.03 Performs preventative maintenance. B top up fluids as needed according to manufacturers specifications B lubricate all fittings according to manufacturers specifications B change and clean filters according to manufacturers specifications B rotate and change teeth on buckets, cutting edges and corner bits B-4.04 Performs basic maintenance on attachments. B B B B B B B B B grease attachments such as hoe pack (hydraulic plate compactor), hydraulic breaker and thumb, ripper and hydraulic shears according to manufacturers specifications change and rotate breaker point to increase longevity of the part adjust belts and stops on attachments according to manufacturers specifications ensure hydraulic lines are capped during storage change and rotate cutting edges, teeth and scarifiers as per manufacturers specifications unwind winch and visually inspect wire rope for broken strands and wires, and kinking check winch assembly for unusual wear, secure cable connection and oil levels visually inspect attachments such as forks, jib booms (stingers), brooms, brush cutters, rippers and shears, for unusual wear, damage, cracks, oil leakage and broken welds visually inspect bolts and pins on all attachments for security

35 Task 5 Performs inspections. Context Performing pre- and post-operational inspections are an important part of ensuring the machine is prepared and safe for daily operations. Required Knowledge K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 8 K 9 K 10 K 11 machine-mounted laser levels and GPS fuel, lubrication, electrical, hydraulic, cooling, air intake, suspension, brake and drive train systems computer systems OMM heavy equipment operator s daily report safety features start-up and shut-down procedures cold weather starting and operation attachments undercarriages safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, fire suppression systems, seat belts, first aid kits, warning devices and backup alarms B-5.01 Performs pre-operational inspections. B B B inspect engine compartment for maintenance items such as engine oil level, belts, hoses, debris build-up, coolant and exhaust system according to manufacturers check list check air intake system components such as air filters, dust bowls and air-restriction indicators inspect undercarriage components for loose mounting bolts, uneven and excessive wear such as grooves, flat spots, unusual wear marks, cracks, and final drives and rollers for oil leakage

36 B B B B B B B B check tires and rims for secure mounting and damage such as wear, cuts and cracks perform walk-around inspection of overall machine for damage, unnecessary wear, leakage and fluid levels such as hydraulic, swing gear and fuel inspect heavy equipment operator s station for seat belt adjustment, cleanliness, loose debris and alternate escape routes check to ensure controls such as transmission and hydraulic lockouts are in locked or neutral position according to manufacturers specifications turn on unit, visually inspect gauges for operation, continue start-up procedures according to manufacturers specifications and continue to monitor gauges cycle controls for operation and conduct warm-up procedures according to manufacturer s specifications conduct service and park brake check, check operation of lockout devices, and check secondary steering and brakes if equipped inspect safety equipment by testing horn, backup alarm and lights for operation, and checking first aid kits and emergency shutdown and fire suppression system if equipped B-5.02 Performs post-operational inspections. B B B B park equipment in the service position on level surface to check fluid levels at next start-up allow equipment to cool down according to manufacturers specifications perform walk-around inspection of overall equipment during cool down for damage such as excessive wear, cracks and leakage clean tracks using track shovels

37 B-5.03 Completes daily equipment logbook. B B B fill out daily equipment logbook during pre-operational inspection according to company policy and jurisdictional regulations, and return logbook to secure area in heavy equipment operator s station complete daily equipment logbook during post-operational inspection according to company policy and jurisdictional regulations, and return logbook to secure area in heavy equipment operator s station ensure report is ready to be viewed or signed by foreman according to company policy and jurisdictional regulations

38 BLOCK C COMMON HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATOR TASKS Trends Heavy equipment operator functions are becoming more complex and precise, for example joy sticks which incorporate multiple control functions, and electrical over hydraulic functions. Steering wheels are being replaced by joy sticks. There are more stringent regulations around the spread of contaminants such as noxious weeds, bugs and other biological contaminants. These regulations affect what a heavy equipment operator has to do to the equipment before it can be moved. Related Components All components apply. Tools and Equipment See Appendix A. Task 6 Performs basic heavy equipment operator functions. Context This task involves smooth operation of equipment controls, effective set-up of machine for task at hand, the installation and removal of attachments, monitoring of equipment performance, and compacting operations using self-propelled equipment or attachments. It also covers troubleshooting and emergency procedures. Required Knowledge K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 8 K 9 function and location of controls and gauges on various equipment such as parking brakes, shut-offs and throttles limitations of equipment and attachments hand signals content of OMM significance of warning symbols on equipment emergency procedures such as fire suppression systems, fire extinguishers and muster points contractor and company safety policies, and OH&S Acts lock-out and tag-out procedures procedures for installing various attachments

39 K 10 K 11 K 12 K 13 K 14 K 15 K 16 K 17 K 18 K 19 K 20 K 21 K 22 K 23 K 24 types of attachments and their uses hook up design for various carriers compatibility of attachments to carriers gear and speed selection based on grade and roughness of terrain centre of gravity work area right-of-way compaction and swell factors self-propelled compacting equipment such as smooth drums, rubber tires, sheep s foots, rollers and packers compacting densities breakdown, intermediate and finish rolling types of soil such as granular aggregates, clay, organic, top soil and rock traveling on icy or slippery surfaces with track equipment clearing and snow removal procedures three-point contact when entering and exiting machine C-6.01 Maintains control of equipment. C C C C C C enter and exit machine using three-point contact adjust seat and controls for ease of operation adjust gear, throttle and speed according to grade and roughness of terrain to meet safety and production requirements maintain centre of gravity while manoeuvring equipment with load manipulate controls for smooth operation of equipment maintain prescribed clearance between equipment, and obstacles and utilities using features such as mirrors and back-up cameras

40 C-6.02 Positions equipment for task. C C determine location for set-up taking into consideration factors such as working in conjunction with other equipment, hazards, obstacles and the need for access/egress stabilize equipment taking into consideration capabilities and limitations of equipment and ground conditions of work area C-6.03 Monitors performance of equipment. C C C visually scan gauges such as for temperature and oil pressure to confirm that they are within safe operating range identify signs of fluid leaks or other equipment problems using senses such as sight and smell identify signs of equipment or component failure by feeling for vibration or listening for unusual sounds

41 C-6.04 Troubleshoots equipment problems. C C C identify faulty components in order to explain problem to service personnel or to order parts interpret fault codes in order to determine course of action such as changes in operation or removal of debris off the cooling system report extent of problem to supervisor to determine how production will be affected (major vs. minor shut-down) C-6.05 Installs attachments. C C C C C C C select type of attachment needed for job and equipment select tools needed to complete installation follow installation procedures based on type of attachment and equipment on which it is being installed lubricate attachment according to manufacturers specifications and job conditions inspect attachment for faults such as cracks, missing bolts and loose hoses before and after installation, and before use test equipment to ensure proper installation of attachment remove and store attachments according to established procedures

42 C-6.06 Performs emergency procedures. C C C C stop equipment, lower implement and attachment, lock-out (hydraulics, transmission, brakes) and perform engine shut-down assess emergency to determine course of action inform supervisor, co-workers and general public of hazards initiate established ERP according to assessed situation C-6.07 Compacts material using self-propelled compacting equipment or attachments. C C C C C C C select rolling pattern such as breakdown, intermediate and finish according to job type and density to be achieved operate self-propelled compacting equipment such as smooth drum, rubber tire and sheep s foot, or attachments such as vibratory plate tampers and pull type to achieve required densities and rolling pattern coordinate water application with co-workers offset equipment to avoid rutting maintain compaction while manoeuvring around obstacles such as utilities, manholes and fire hydrants shut off vibratory function while stopping and changing directions to avoid creating divots in surface operate track or wheel equipment to aid in compaction of material

43 C-6.08 Performs cut and fill operations. C C C C C C C C C identify reference points to delineate the perimeter of the work area adjust operation based on material being shaped and changing ground conditions visually assess ground elevations for highs and lows select and use ground engaging tools and equipment such as dozers, excavators, backhoes, graders and loaders use equipment functions such as pitch, angle, side shift or articulation to obtain correct slope and grade maintain a constant profile determine action to be taken when encountering obstacles such as rocks, logs and debris remove and disperse excess materials synchronize operation of equipment with other heavy equipment operators such as two dozers pushing bulk material together C-6.09 Clears snow and ice. C C C C use appropriate blade for snow removal such as V-plow and one-way plow prepare equipment for snow and ice conditions such as installing tire chains, lightings and hazard warnings adjust speed of equipment according to road conditions apply appropriate down pressure on snow removal attachments to prevent damage to surface being plowed and blade, and to maintain steering and traction control

44 C C C C C C move snow to designated area in large areas such as a parking lot using slot method if possible blow snow from area using loaders with blower attachment adjust snow wing position according to obstacles, conditions and manufacturers specifications identify obstacles and take remedial action maintain control of equipment when clearing snow and ice taking into consideration adverse weather conditions load trucks with snow Task 7 Transports equipment. Context This task involves mobilization and demobilization of equipment. It includes preparing, loading and securing equipment for transportation as well as unloading. Driving equipment on public roads is also part of this task. Required Knowledge K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 K 5 K 6 K 7 K 8 K 9 K 10 K 11 K 12 K 13 K 14 K 15 licensing (equipment and driver) and permitting requirements road regulations jurisdictional regulations and company policies for loading and unloading of equipment lighting requirements such as beacons, flashing lights and head/tail lights signage requirements such as slow vehicle and over dimension signs types of trailers and their uses and limitations loading and unloading techniques according to type of trailer used weight and size of attachments for safe placement on trailer height, width and weight restrictions for load necessary disassembly of equipment positioning of equipment on trailer changes to centre of gravity of equipment after removal of attachments cleaning requirements of equipment before transport tie-down points and procedures rigging and lifting techniques