The Philippines Issues and Policies in the Industrial Sector

Transcription

1 Public Disclosure Authorized Report No, 6706-PH The Philippines Issues and Policies in the Industrial Sector (In Three Volumes) Volume ill: Statistical Appendix July 30, 1987 Country Department 11 Asia Region FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank This report has a restrictedistribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

2 FOR OFFICUAL USE ONLY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1. This statistical appendix has been compiled from a wide array of sources. The attempt is to assemble in one place as much of the available data on industry and related matters as is possible. This has been made feasible because of special assistance provided by the following: Mrs. Melia Marquez W.C. Ortaliz Fred Torres Acting Director, National Census and Statistical Office, who made available a number of unpublished tables, particularly the initial results from the 1983 census of Establishments. Assistant Minister, Ministry of Trade and Industry. Bureau of Industrial Development, Ministry of Trade and Industry who helped in coordinating and collecting the data requested. Geoffrey Shepherd Who permitted the use of the unpublished Statistical F. Alburo Appendix to "Trade Liberalization: The Philippine Experience" World Bank - (Processed). Country Policy Department Richard Hooley For permission to use unpublishe data base from Productivity Growth in Philippine M&nufacturing, Manila: Philippine Institute of Development Studies, Keun Huh Who provided the research assistance. Main Sources of Data 2. The main official sources of data are nc ed below: (a) National Census and Statistics Office (NCSO): They have the overall responsibility of coordinating and collecting statistics in the country. In addition to conducting the population census, they are also responsible for the following surveys: (i) (ii) Integrated Survey of Households: This is a nationwide quarte;ly survey of households which is the main, consistent source of informatioa on employment trends in the country. Census of Establishments: The census is conducted every five years and covers all establishments in the country, large and small. The coverage includes manufacturing, as well as nonmanufacturing enterprises. Comparison with the employment data reveal that the census covers only a small portion of the employment in the unorganized sector. This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

3 - ii - (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) Annual Survey of Establishments is the annual counterpar to the census of establishments. The sampling of enterprises is done from the saple frame obtained from each quinquennial census. A major problem in the data is that there is little organized effort to include new firms which are born after the previous census. The result is that the sample becomes more and more unrepresentative with distance from the census years. A method should therefore be evolved to update the sample in each year in order to account for births and deaths of firms. Industry Trends: NCSO has only recently taken over the compilation of Industry Trends from VEDA. This consists of a monthly survey of about 200 large industrial establishments, surveyed with the purpose of providing quick economic indicators about manufacturing. One problem in the use of these data, which are otherwise admirably current is that only index numbers are provided for each sector and no information is given on relative weights. It is, therefore, not possible to do any aggregation other than that provided. Philippine Foreign Trade Statistics are also compiled by the NCSO. PhilipMine Yearbook is a very useful compilation of current and historical Philippine Statistics. Its publication is a bit slow: The 1985 Yearbook, pertaining to information up to 1983, was only available in (b) National Economic Development Authority (ND A) (i) National Accounts: The Statistical branch of NEDA is mainly responsible for the National Accounts. The release of national accounts estimates is quite timely, and faster than many other countries. One main gap in the national accounts data is the lack of data on capital information by sector of destination. It is, therefore, difficult to track the Philippine economy on the basis of sectoral investments. There is probably enough information in the Philippine Statistical System such that the compilation of such a series will not pose insuperable problems. The other problem encountered in the use of national accounts data is the rather large variation between consumer price index, wholesale price index and the CNP deflator over long period of time (e.g ). The GNP deflator has bieen among the slowest rising of all the available indexes: if this has resulted from some systematic error it would mean that GNP growth in the 1970s has been substantially over-stated in these years. Between 1972 and 1983, the relative movements of different indexes were as follows:

4 - iii - Z Annual Charge Consumer price index 12.7 Retail price index 13.0 Wholesale price index 15.7 CUP price deflator 12.9 GNP in current prices 19.0 An effort should therefore be made to clarify this problem. (ii) Inter-industry Accounts are also compiled by NEDA. The latest tables available are for Given the vast changes that have taken place in industry since then, it is very important that special efforts be made to compile these accounts for a recent year. (iii) The Statistical Yearbook is a useful collection of data published in a very timely fashion by NEDA. (c) Other Main Sources (i) (ii) (iii) Central Bank: Central Bank Statistical Bulletin Financial Statistics Ministry of Trade and Industry: Monthly Survey of Industries (Unpublished). Export data Board of Investments: data on investment incentives Business Days Top 1,000 Corporations Annual Publication giving key performance indicators for the top corporations in the Philippines 3. Key Data Problem (a) Employment Data: As mentioned earlier, some of the employment data are difficult to interpret because of seeming discrepancies between the Integrated Survey of Households, the Annual Survey of Establishments, the quinquennial census of Establishments and the Population Census. Since all of these are conducted by the same agency, the NCSO, an effort must be made to arrive at some consistent series of "employment accounts," sectorally disaggregated. (b) Wage Data: Since the Central Bank stepped its series of wages, there has beer. an almost complete lack of reliable data on wage trends in the country. This major lacuna must be rectified immediately. (c) Annual Surveys and Census of Establishments: The coverage of small establishmentseems to be scanty and quite inconsistent with other data, such as they are, on unorganized employment. An effort must be made to-devise proper sampling procedures such that a more

5 - iv - representative sample is taken in the future. (The under coverage ef garments production has been documented in the garments chapter). (d) Price Series: As mentioned under "National Accounts," the CPI, WPI and GDP deflator series are difficult to reconcile. This must be done urgently since the estimate of real growth of the economy is crucially dependent in these series. (e) Data on Investment Incentives: At present, there is no system of tracking BOI incentives availed as distinguished from investments granted. This is important to do if the efficacy of various incentives is to be analyzed. A systematic data base in the Board of Investments should therefore be maintained.

6 PHILIPPINES STATISTICAL APPENDIX Table of Contents Table No. Page No. 1. POPULATION AND EMP?WYMENT 1.1 Population Estimates of Census Years and Population Projections.o... o o..., Labor Force, Employment and Unemployment... e.*...o Employed Persons by Major Sectors, ,.., Changes in Employment Structure in Manufacturing, *X*****v******ov* *Z Structure of Employment by Major Sectors, , Actual Labor Strikes, **oo **oeoe* Annual Nominal and Real Wage Indices, Legislated Minimum Daily Wages: Money and Real Wage Rates...,..., NATIONAL ACC(TNTS 2.1 Expenditure on Cross National Product at Current Priceso Expenditure on Gross National Product at Constant 1972 Prices r io...o.,e...,...es...oo.., Expenditure on Gross National Product at Constant 1972 Prices: Growth Rates...,, Expenditure on Gross National Product, Implicit Indii c es Industrial Origin of Cross Domestic Product at Current Prices...,,o,,...,e,..o..., Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices: Percent Distribution Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Constant 1972 Priceso...o...e..,.o..., Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product at Constant 1972 Prices: Growth Rateso Iviustrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product: Implwicit Price Indices...e o Gross Domestic Capital Formation, Value Added per Employee by Industry Group, o Index of Value Added per Employee by Industry Group,

7 Table No. Page No. 3. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS 3.1 Current Account: Services and Transfersu..e.e***e**e**e Net International Reserves..e.*.*..e.***.e..*.....e Trade Indices Exports of the Philippines, *..0..0*00...* Exports by Commodity Groups...,...,..o Volume and Unit Value of Principal Commodity Exports Principal Export MarketsX *o...o...*.. *..o Handicraft Exports, Structure of Nontraditional Manufactured Exports, Exports of Nontraditional Manufacturerso.,..,..., Ezports of Nontraditional Products$ Imports by Commodity Groups Imports by End Use (f.o.b.)..., Structure of Imports by End Use...,,......, Imports of Petroleum and Coal Imports of Capital Goods by Sector************* Principal Sources of Imports Actual Current Account...,...e Ratio of Agricultural and Manufacturing Exports and Imports to Domestic Output, Ratio of Exports and Imports to GDP, Quantum, Price and Value Indices, Net Terms of Trade and Purchasing Power of Exports, MANUFACTURING 4.1 Mining Production, Volume of Major Products Major Mining Production, Value in Current Priceso... 0, Gross Value AddvA in Mining and Quarrying (current pie)g Gross Value Added in Mining and Quarrying (constant prices) Gross Value Added in Manufacturing, by Industry Group (current prices) Gross Value Added in Manufacturing, by Industry Group (constant prices)..., oo Summary of Gross Value of Output of Manufacturing Establishment with five or more Workers, by Industry, , Value Added per Employee in Selected Manufacturing Sectors, *..** e@ovo Annual Growth Rates of Gross Value Added in Manufacturing by Industry Group, 1967/ /85...*9...*.. 50

8 Table No, Page No Net Capital Stock (Fixed Assets and Inventories' for Manufacturing Firms with 2C or more Workers, **Oe*****^eoe*** Ratio of Fixed Assets to Gross Output by Manufacturing Sector, ,ev**,**.0...e*,0..., Exports as Proportion of Total Production, , o Direct Import Requirements of Manufacturing Outp-ut, 1974, 1979o **.***.*.*o***** Manufacturing Investments by Commodity Group, (current prise s ) Manufacturing Investments by Commodity Group, o*oooo*oooo*oooooeoooooooeoo***oeooooeoooooooo Manufacturing Investments by Commodity Group, , (Percent in each sector, current prices) Data on Manufacturing and Wearing Apparel o...* Performance Indicators in Manufacturing Industries by Firm Size, 1983o.o , STRUCTURE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 5.1 Manufacturing Establishments: Philippines o.o. 5.2 Manufacturing Establishments: National Capital 61 Region, oo..oo.oo.oo.o..o***.*.oo...e*o.. o.e Concentration of Large Manufacturing Activity in Metro Manila, 1983oo *...*..* Changes in Employment Structure in Manufacturing, oo5oo6-8o6oooooooo*ooooo*o 66 Ratio of Sales of Top 1,000 Firms to Gross Output by Manufacturing Sector, oooo,.o PRODUCTIVITY TABLES 6.1 Growth Rates of Production, All Manufacturing 6.2 by Industry, *...* Fixed Capital Annual Growth Rate of Capital Input, by Industryo o0*00.** Intermediate Input, All Manufacturing, 6.4 by Industry, o...*... *01o **0@00,00,0 70 Growth Rates of Labor Input by Industry, * Inventory, Annual Growth Rate of Capital Inputs, by Industry, eo0vv0*00** e eo Growth Rates of Total Factor Productivity by Industry, * oo... o... 0s*00 eo.es.*oooo All Manufacturing Annual Growth Rate, TFP and Selected Partial Productivity Measures,

9 Table No. Page No. 7e REGIONAL ACCOUNTS 7.1 Gross Value Added in Mining and Quarrying by Region, Gross Value Added in Manufacturing by Region, , ** **0~ Gross Value Added in Construction by Region, Gross Value Added in Electricity, Gas and Water by Region, ***. ****... *.*o Gross Value Added in Transport, Communication and Storage by Region, , Gross Value Added in Trade by Region, FINANCIAL SECTOR 8.1 Financial Sector: Loans and Investments Outstanding by Type of Institution..., Total Assets of the Finsncial System..., Loans Outstanding of Financial Institutions by Structure of Deposits of Commercial Banks...,..., Structure of Credits Outstanding by Commercial Banks by Maturity Credits Outstanding by Commercial Bazks - oy nterest Rates Credits Outstanding by Commercial Banks - by I Loans Outstanding of Commercial Banks by Industry and by Maturity as of March 31, o Loans Granted by Commercial Banks Classified by Region,... ~0@.... ***Xe* Credits Outstanding by Financial Institutions by Maturity as of end of e...,..., Deposits and Deposit Substitutes, Short Versus Longer-Term Financial Savings... *,., Central Bank Outstanding Loans to Financial Institutions through Rediscounting, ,-85.., Market Share of the Top Seven Private Commercial Banks as of December 1985o Evolution of Real Interest Rates Term Structure of Interest Rates,...,..., Sectoral Distribution of Loans Granted by Private Development Banks: , Sectoral Distribution of Loans Granted by Private Development Banks, by Region:

10 Table No. Page No Outstanding 888 Holdings of Government Securities, Outstanding GSIS Holdings of Government Securities, soo..oo.o.o.... oooo o...o...o.oo.o Summary of Investments (at Cost) of Private Insurance Companies...o*0*0* ENERGY 9.1 Primary Energy by Sourceo...o..o...o Petroleum Product Consumptiono...o Energy Investment Program o...o Dependence of Energy Consumption on Imported Energy Electricity Generation by Entity PRICE INDICES 10.1 Consumer Price Index for thte Philippincs,.,.., Wholesale Price Indices for Metro Manila , TECHNOLOGY 11.1 Direct Foreign Investment Inflows and Outflows, o...o....o CB-Approved Direct Foreign Equity Investments by Investor Country/Financial Institution CB-Approved Direct Foreign Equity Investments by Year of Approval and Form of Investmentso.o. o..., ,1.4 CB-Approved Direct Foreign Equity Investments by Industry... o...o.o.oooo...ooo.o.o...o..ooo...oo..oo..i Nationality Wise Classification of Licensor by Industry NSTA System: Summary of Allotments by Expense Classificationt NSTA System: Summary of Allotments by S&T Activities, 1984o NSTA System: Summary of Personnel Allocations by S&T Activities, , Unit Labor and Capital Requirements and Total Factor Productivity Relative to best Practice-Spinning..oo.n National Expenditures for Performance of R&D as a Percent of Gross National Product (GNP), Total R&D Personnel by Sector and By Category, o...o o.o.o.eo... *o...o.o..o.oo. Xo R&D Expenditures by Source of Funds and by Sector, *ooooo.oo*oooooSo o***&ooo * *

11 Table No. go CB-Approved Direct Foreign Equity Investments by Area of Preference, February 21, 1970 to December 31, * technology Transfer Board Monitoring Report Grand Totals*eoeaooeee*e*eoooeooe*eeoso *ooooeooo eo Nationality-wise Classification of Agreements..oe.esoo Typo of Registered Agreements Classified as to New/Renewal as of June 30, * Classification of Agreements by Type of Assets Transferred and Country of Origin , Classification of Agreements by Type of Assets Transferred e.*.e

12 Table 1.1: POPULATION ESTIMATES OF CENSUS YEARS AND POPULATION PROJECTIONS Year Population La (in millions) Growth rate (Z p.a.) Census e Projection /b /a Mid-year (July 1) estimates. 7Sb Preliminary projections, based on moderate fertility and mortality declines. Source: National Census and Statistics Office.

13 Table 1.2: LABOR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT Working-age Labor force population participation Labor force (in '0009) Unemployment Survey date (in '000s) rate (X) Total Employed Unemployed rate (Z) 1970-Census 20, ,566 10, March , ,732 11, May , ,223 11, August , ,324 11, November , , February , ,172 12, May , ,140 12, August , ,778 11, November , ,657 11, February , ,843 12, May , ,016 12, August , ,835 13, November , ,824 13, February , ,466 12, May , ,024 13, August , ,545 12, November , ,564 13, February , ,598 13, August , ,434 13, August , ) 15,460 14, October , ,776 16, October , ,595 13,267 1, January , ,903 13,763 1, April , ,387 13,782 2, July , ,368 15,011 1, October , ,428 15,256 1, January 1979p 27, ,135 15,920 1, October , ,300 15,900 1, January , ,214 16,538 1, October , ,287 16,653 1, January , ,682 16,883 1, October , ,488 16,734 1, January , ,676 17,697 1, April , ,761 17,132 2, October , ,159 18,559 1, January , ,363 18,47: 1, April , ,130 17,851 2, October , ,756 18,550 2, January , ,727 17,901 2, April , ,902 18,000 2, July , ,046 18,624 2, October , ,329 18,967 2, January , ,732 19,116 2, p - preliminary results. Note: Based on a "past-week" reference period. Source: National Census and Statistics Office.

14 Table 1.3: EMPLOYED PERSONS BY MAJOR SECTORS, ( 0008) 1956/a 1960/b 1965/b 1971/c 1975/c /d Agriculture, fishing and forestry 5,047 5,224 5,725 5,966 7,768 7,659 7,474 8,403 8,948 8,453 8,928 8,919 9,880 9,i ,888 Mining and quarrying Manufacturing ,036 1,101 1,427 1,651 1,598 1,515 1,743 1,880 1,814 1,807 1,741 1,887 1,931 1,922 1,939 Electricity, gas and water o Construction Wholesale and retail trade ,114 1,579 1,623 1,397 1,355 1,626 1,653 1,660 1,956 1,916 2,197 2,437 2,611 2,652 w Transport, storage and communications Other services 1, ,482 2,183 2,428 2,422 2,732 3,005 3,059 3,035 3,288 3,305 3,540 3,672 3,750 3,673 Total 8,315 8, ,228 14,517 14,238 14, ,434 17,452 17, , ,972 /a May. 71 October. 7F August. 7E First quarter. Note: All others tbird quarter. Source: NCSO, Integrated Survey of Households, various years.

15 - 4 - Table 1.4. CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE IN MANUFACTURING, _,/b,/c Structure - Percentage distribution Household/ Total Household/ Year unorganized Factory ('000s) unorganized Factory Total , , i, ,551 1, , , , , ,219 24R,781 1, , ,473 1, , ,383 1, (May) 928, ,415 1, , ,770 1, , ,354 1, , ,336 1, (May) 888, ,064 1, (May) 994, ,780 1,398/d ,018, ,988 1, , ,944, , ,973 1, ,049, ,851/e 1, , /f 1, ,075, ,000 1, , ,000 1, ,068, ,000 1, , If 1,185, ,000 1, n.a. n.a. 1,931 n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. 1,922 n.s. n.a n.a. n.a. 1,939 n.a. n.a /a Total manufacturing employment is from Integrated Surveys of Households. Up to 1976, the data are for October of each year except as noted. For 1977 to 1985, the data are from the third quarter survey is for the first quarter. /b Factory employment is from Annual Surveys of Establishments. U- to 1976, they cover establishments employing at least five workers. After 1977, the data are for establishments employing at least ten workers. /c Household/unorganized employment is derived as the residual from total employment less factory employment. /d Refers to experienced workers ten-years-old and over. The definition has been used for 1970 because no (two-digit) breakdown was available. /e Preliminary employment data for 1976 are available only for the manufacturing sector and for those firms employing at least 20 workers. To complete the 1976 factory sector data; i.e., make it 5 or more workers rather than 20 or more; employment in firms employing 5 to 19 workers is estimated based on past growth. The computed figure for the 5-19 category for 1976 is 80,946 workers. /f Data are from the 1978 and 1983 Census of Establishments. Sources: NCSO, National Sample of Households Bulletin; Annual Surveys of Establishments; Census of Establishments, 1978, 1983; Philippine Yearbook, 1985.

16 Table 1X : STRUCTURE OF EWLOYMZNT n MAJOR SECTORS, (t id each ctivity) Agriculture, fishing and forestry Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electrlilty, gas and water Construction Wholesale and retail trade Transport, storage and communications Other services Total Source: Table 1.3.

17 - 6 - Table 1.6: ACTUAL LABOR STRIKES, Month January February 20 A4 25 March April May June July August September October November December Total Other Years Sources: (1) : NCSO, Philippine Yearbook, (2) : Ministry of Trade and Industry (from the Ministry of Labor and Employment).

18 Table 1.7: ANNUAL NOMINAL AND REAL WAGE INDICES, Wage deflated Wage deflated Nominal wages by consumer price index by wholesale price index hanufac- Wage Agri- Kanutac- Wage Agri- Manufac- wage Agrituring earners culture turing earners culture turing earners culture * * * n.a n.ae *7 n.a noa n.a n.a Source: Unpublished Statistical Appendix, Alburo and Shepherd, op. cit., from different sources: Compiled (1) Manufacturing. Index of average wage in manufacturing establishments: (data for establishments with 5 or more employees) from NCSO, Annual Survey of Manufactures, various years (1972 figure interpolated by using growth rate ot index of money wage rates for unskilled laborers in Manila and suburbs from Central Bank, Statistical Bulletin); from NCSO, Annual Survey of Establishments: Manufacturing. (2) Wage Earners. Index of average tonthly earnings of wage earners from Central Bank, Statistical Bulletiti, various years (up to 1971, agriculture is excluded, while it is included from 1972). (3) Agriculture. Index of agricultural daily wage based on arithmetic average of daily-average wage rates (without meals) for plowing, planting, spraying/weeding/cultivation, and harvesting, from Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAEcon).

19 - 8 - Tablel.& LEGISLATED MINIMUM DAILY WAGES!/ MONEY AND REAL WAGE RATES (Philippine pesos) Metro Manila Outside NCR Money Metro Manila Real Index of Money Real Index of Year wage CPI wage /b real wage Ic wage CPI /d wage /e real wage /c /f /f ? /g /g /a Hinimum wage rates are set for 12 different categories--by location, type of activity and size of firm. This table presents only the highest paying categories. /b Money wage deflated by Metro Manila CPI. ( ). /c /d CPI for all areas outside Metro Manila - National Capital Region = 100 (Non NCR - PI). /e Money wage deflated by non-ncr CPI (1978 = 100). /f Weighted average, by duration of the minimum wages legislated during the year. /g CPI for all Philippines ( ). Source: NEDA Philippine Statistical Yearbook, 1985.

20 Table 2.1: EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CURRENT PRICES (Billion pesos) r 1983r 1984r 1985p Consumption Personal General government Gross domestic capital formation Fixed capital formation Construction Government , Private Durable equipment Increase in stocks Exports of goods and nonfactor services Imports of goods and nonfactor services Statistical discrepancy Expenditure on Gross Donestic Product , Net factor income from the rest of the world Expenditure on Gross National Product r - revised; p - preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff.

21 Table 2.2: EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CONSTANT 1972 PRICES (Billion pesos) r 1985p Consumption Personal General government Gross domestic capital formation Fixed capital formation Construction Government Private Durable equipment Increase in stocks Exports of goods and nonfactor services Imports of goods and nonfactor services Statistical discrepancy Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product Net factor income from t'ie rest of the world Expenditure on Gross National Product r - revised; p - preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff,

22 Table 2.3: EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CONSTANT 1972 PRICES: GROWTH RATES (%) r 1985p Consumption Personal General government Gross domestic capital formation o Fixed capital formation Construction Government Private Durable equipment Increase in stocks Exports of goods and nonfactor services Imports of goods and nonfactor services Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product i Expenditure on Gross National Product r - revised; p - preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff.

23 Table 2-4: EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, IMPLICIT INDICES ( ) r 1985p Consumption Personal General government Gross domestic capital formation ,l.l Fixed capital formation ? Construction Government Private n Durable equipment Increase in stocks ,300.0 Exports of goods and nonfactor services Imports of goods and nonfactor services Expenditure on Gross Domestic Product Expenditure on Gross National Product r - revised; p - preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff.

24 Table2.5 : INDIUSTRIAL ORIGIN OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT CURRENT PRICES (Billion pesos) r p Agriculture, fishery & forestry Industry Mining & quarrying Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas & water Services Transport, communication w & storage Trade Finance & housing Other services Gi3x' at Market Prices Net factor income from the rest of the world GNP at Market Prices r - revised; p preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff.

25 Table 2.6 : INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT CURRENT PRICES (% distribution) r 1985p Agriculture, fishery & forestry Industry Mining & quarrying * Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas & water * Services *7 41* Transport, communication & storage Trade Finance & housing Other services * GDP at Market Prices Net factor income from the rest of the world GNP at Market Prices r revised; p = preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National A.ccounts Staff.

26 Table 2.7: INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT CONSTANT 1972 PRICES (Billion pesos) r 1985p Agriculture, fishery & forestry Industry Mining & quprrying Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas & water Services Transport, communication & storage Trade Finance & housing Other services GDP at Market Prices Net factor income from the rest of the world GNP at Market Prices r - revised; p = preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff.

27 Table 2.8: INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AT CONSTANT 1972 PRICES: GROWTH RATES (%) r 1985p Agriculture, fishery & forestry Industry Mining & quarrying Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas & water Services , Transport, communication & storage Trade Finance & housing Other services GDP at Market Prices GNP at Market Prices r - revised; p - preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff.

28 Table 2.9: INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: IMPLICIT PRICE INDICES ( ) r 1985p Agriculture, fishery & forestry Industry Mining & quarrying Manufacturing Construction Electricity, gas & water Services Transport, communication _ & storage A.0 9 Trade Finance & housing Other services GDP at Market Prices GNP at Market Prices r - revised; p - preliminary estimate. Source: NEDA National Accounts Staff.

29 Table2.10: GROSS DOMESTIC CAPITAL FORMATION, (f million, in 1972 prices) Fixed Increase Total Total investment investment in stocks investment % f per capita ;pesos) , , , , , ,5' , , ,871 1,108 3, ,075 1,221 3, , , , , , , , , , , ,982 1,019 6, ,713 1,218 5, ,639 1,398 7, ,685 1,229 7, ,022 1,314 8, ,988 1,417 8, ,402 1,304 9, ,659 2,032 10, ,905 2,326 11, ,919 2,916 10, ,690 2,536 11, ,831 2,742 11, ,085 3,455 12, ,382 4,269 15, ,037 3,947 18, ,310 3,915 20, ,108 3,720 20, ,136 3,951 23, ,113 4,223 26, ,737 3,872 26, ,542 3,678 27, ,838 2,589 26, ,012 2,017 25, , , Source: NEDA, National Income Accounts.

30 Table 2.11: VALUE ADDED PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY GROUP, (In 1972 prices) All Agriculture, Con- Electriindus- fishery and Mining and Manufac- struc- city, gas tries forestry quarrying turing tion and water Services Net Domestic Product per Employee (Annual Average) ,958 1,695 13,000 3,000 5,969 8,500 5, ,947 1,673 14,625 4,261 5,455 7,087 5, ,092 1,755 10,000 4,613 6,342 7,545 5, ,076 1,736 10,765 4,509 4,799 8,095 5, ,082 1,776 11,312 4,583 5,071 8,450 5, ,083 1,746 10,083 4,817 4,934 5,633 5, ,151 1,842 12,633 4,591 4,960 6,036 5, ,176 1,835 12,733 4,773 5,234 7,727 5, ,331 2,001 15,462 5,094 6,084 8,591 4, ,241 1,935 16,593 4,920 5,640 6,194 4, ,255 1,879 10,375 5,271 6,250 5,846 4,948 Gross Domestic Product per Employee (Annual Average) ,790 1,971 13,833 7,887 6,340 8,688 5, ,021 2,192 18,227 8,366 4,992 10,000 5, ,126 2,298 18,898 8,419 5,031 8,800 5, ,233 2,390 20,623 8,840 4,218 8,383 5, ,382 2,553 22,121 9,145 5,313 8,000 5, ,400 2,336 25,885 10,039 5,221 11,143 5, ,554 2,344 22,951 11,363 5,555 13,541 5, ,632 2,274 30,500 11,600 6,967 15,289 6, ,846 2,401 29,490 11,199 9,057 13,795 6, ,792 2,435 26,625 11,437 10,743 14,739 5, ,476 2,810 28,097 12,791 11,848 14,510 6, ,250 2,663 25,843 11,925 11,747 14,423 6,083 Gross Domestic Product Employee (Third Quarter) ,136 2,568 29,656 12,110 11,453 15,306 5, ,169 2,526 27,714 11,829 11,475 10,961 6, ,637 2,808 23,787 12,776 12,141 15,879 6, ,513 2,756 27,188 13,259 13,226 15,136 6, ,699 2,845 26,880 14,092 13,376 20,453 6, ,126 2,439 15,855 13,698 11,408 12,957 5,956 Source: Unpublished Statistical Appendix, Alburo and Shepherd, op. cit., 1986.

31 Table 2.12: INDEX OF VALUE ADDED PER EMPLOYEE BY INDUSTRY GROUP, ( ) (In constant prices) Agriculture, Electricity, All fishery and Mining and Manufac- Construc- gas and industries forestry quarrying turing tion water Services * *2 100* * * * * i h Source: Unpublished Statistical Appendix, Alburo and Shepherd, op. cit., 1986.

32 Table 3.1: CURRENT ACCOUNT: SERVICES AND TRANSFERS (in millions of US$) Item Services (net) , Receipts ,484 1,655 2,222 2,896 2,983 3, ,288 Freight and insurance Other transportation Travel Direct investment income Of vhichs Interest on placement Governmset (n.i.e.) Military services Other Personal income Other services /a ,152 Payments ,130 1,333 1,591 1,966 2,621 3,205 4,023 3, ,262 Freight and insurance Other transportation Travel Direct investment expense ,359 2,394 Of which: Interest on loans and deposits ,374 1,990 1,985 2,257 2,250 Government (n.i.e.) Other services /a Transfers (n.-l Receipts R Personal remittances T125 T154 19W g US Veterans Administration Others ; Payments La Adjusted to include withdrawal. Source: Central Bank of Philippines.

33 Table 3.2: NET INTERNATIONAL RESERVES /a fmillions of US$, at end of year) Foreign exchange Net Change Gross reserves liabilities inter- in Central Commercial Central Commercial national receiv- Year Bank Banks /b Bank /c Banks reserves ables , , , , ,016 1, , , ,893 1, , ,423 1,309 1,192 2, ,155 1,904 2,183 3, /e 2,574 2,297 2,523 4,410-2,062-1, ,711 2,540 3,114 4,870-3,733-1, ,655 2,690 4,526-4, ,836 2,696 4,277-4, (Dec) 1,061 1,915 2,897 3,338-3, /a Revralued excludes adjustments for nonmonetary reserves computed per NIR definition under the 1985 IMF Standby Agreement. /b Net of dollar treasury bills held by KBS. _c The net international reserve for are computed based on the old concept where the CB liabilities are already net of certain long-term yen liabilities (IBRD), rural credit liabilities, long-term yea liabilities to DECF, agreed with IMF. The NIR for 1982 to 1983 uses the new concept of NIR computation under the 1983 IMF Standby Agreement where only short-term and IMF credits are included as CB liabilities. Thus, due to the difference in concepts used, the change in net reserves for 1981 and 1982 will not be equal to the balance of payments. /d Beginning in 1976 when an understanding was reached with IMF in connection with the Extended Fund Facility, change in net reserves equals overall balance in balance of payments statement. /e SGV adjustments are reflected from 1981 onwards. Source: Treasury and Foreign Exchange Department, Central Bank of the Philippines.

34 Table 3.3: TRADE INDICES /a (1972= 100) Quantum index Price index Value index Net terms Year Imports Exports Imports Exports Imports Exports of trade ' ,.# /a Unit values of imports a-e based on c.i.f. value, while those for exports are based on f.o.b. value. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines (CBP), National Census and Statistics Office (NCSO).

35 Table 3.4: EXPORTS OF THE PHILIPPINES, (f.o.b. value in US$) Traditional products 1,819,703,660 1,672,781,987 1,139,447,634 Nontraditional produczs 3,111,833,442 3,650,850,055 3,451,985,761 Other fpecial transactions /a 73,753,883 67,014,131 37,520,751 Total. 5,005,290,985 5,390,646,173 4,628,954,146 /a Special transactions and commodities not classified according to kind. Includes replacements and goods returned to the country whence imported or exported; personal and household effects of travelers and immigrants; samples; articles temporarily imported or exported; gifts, donations and articles of relief, educational, scientific and charitable purposes; tourist purchases. Source: Ministry of Trade and Industry

36 Table 3.5t IXPORTS BY COlOhtDIY GROUPS (f.o.b. value in millions of USS at current prices) Coconut Products Coconut oll tcrude) ' - T 380 T26- M wi I l T T Dessicated coconut Copra ceal or cake Copra Sugr and Products S CetiugiT TIT TT Y3T 381 T= liiw lit TT ET lt lit Molasses other Agricultural Products bananas 1 -IT T3 7T 7V 7T -IT W TIT4 11T OS Pineapple, canned Fish, freash or simply preserved Coffee, raw Tobacco, unmanufactured Abaca fibers, unmanufactured Rice Mangoes Forest Products Logs T TN W flt lit it '7 8s 39 Lumber in Plywood Veneer and corestock Mineral Products Copper concentrates T Y W TTW I84 Gold Nickel Iron ore and concentrates Iron ore agglomerates Chroiite ore Other Nontraditional Manufactures A Electrical Equipments and Components ,000 1,053 1,329 1,056 Garments 2 S Food products and beverages 11 IS Handicrafts Chemicals ISO Furniture and parts n Footwear S Vood manufactures, excluding plywood, veneer and lumber IS :achinery and transport equipment Textile yarn, fabrics and other related products Others 42 8S Other Petroleum Products Other exports and reexports Total , , ,021 5, ,629 Source: NCSO

37 Table 3.6: VOLUNE AND UNIT VALUE OP PRINCIPAL COIOIDITY XXPORTS item Volume (000 at) Coconut oil (crude) Desiccated coconut Copra meal or cake Copra Sugar, centrifugal 1,224 1,470 1, , ,124 1,150 1, , Bananas Pineapple, canned Logs /a 7,126 7,762 4,702 4,595 2,332 2,045 2,210 1, Lumber (a PlyWood7a Copper concentrates , ,048 1,140 1,138 1, Gold /b Nickel Iron ore agglomerates ,983 3,280 4,100 4,240 3,551 3,752 3,285 4,047 4,022 Unit Value ($ per at) Coconut oil (crude) Desiccated coconut ,247 1,331 1, ,383 1,169 Copra meal or cake Copra Sugar, centrifugal Bsaanas Pineapple, canned Logs /c Lumber /c Plywood 7T Copper concentrates Gold /d Nickel ,714 4,917 4,529 4,180 5,327 6,009 5,778 4,454 4,417 4,162 4,571 Iron ore agglomerates * /a In thousand cubic meters. 7; 'In thousand troy ounces. 7W Per cubic meter. 7-? Per tray ounce. Sources: Central Bank of Philippines for 1972 and National Census and Statistics Office from 1974.

38 Table 3.7 : PRINCIPAL EXPORT MARKETS Million of USS -- United States , ,112 1,156 1,384 1,588 1,766 1,586 1,800 2,050 1,654 Japan ,201 1,533 1,251 1,146 1,015 1, European ComsunIty ASEAN countries Socialist countries USSR I 8 Ts T30 WU Tl 1I China, People's Republic Other Middle East Hong Kong Australia Taiwan Other countries Total 1,106 1,886 2,725 2,294 2,574 3,151 3,425 4,601 5, , Percent of total -- United States Japan European Community ASEAN countries Socialist countrles USSR T i China, People's Republic Other Middle East Bong Kong Australia Taiwan Other countries Total Source: Central Bank of the Phillpplnes, 1972/73; National Census and Statistics Office, 1974 onward.

39 Table 3.8: HANDICRAFT EXPORTS, (f.o.b. value in US dollars) Value _ Value % Value % Value % Woodcraft 13,884, ,856, ,313, ,529, Shelleraft 12,184, ,027, ,565, ,746, Fibercraft 7,619, ,002, ,459, ,561, Ceramics 376, , ,268, ,138, Plaits & plaiting materials - 19,802, ,596, ,665, ,912, Textile materials 7,005, *367,109 4*02 6,037, ,785,232 ;.78 Others 39,240, ,864, ,951, ,369, Total 100,113, ,561, ,261, ,044, O Value z Value z Value _ Value % Woodcraft 15,287, ,379, ,517, ,200, Shellcraft 24,986, ,573, ,583, ,093, Fibercraft 4,962, ,375, ,130, ,603, Ceramics 852, , , , Plaits & plaiting materials 27,006, ,088, ,518, ,673, Textile materials 5,755, ,651, ,581, ,908, Others 60,015, ,545, ,242, ,445, Total 138*864, ,298, ,500, ,689, Source: NCSO.

40 Table33.: STRUCTURE OF NONTRADITIONAL MANUFACTURED EXPORTS, (percent of each category) Category /a Garments Handicrafts Electrical and electronic equipment and cowponents Nonmental mineral manu factures, cement Chemicals Wood manufactures Food and beverages e Machinery, tranap. equipment Textile yarn, fabrics Cordage, cable, ropes Furniture and parts Footwear Others Total Source: NCSO.

41 Table 3.10: EXPORTS OF NONTRADITIONAL MANUFACTURES (f.o.b. value in US$ million) Commodity group Garments Handicrafts Electrical & electronic equipment and components 0.44 h , Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, particularly cement Chemicals Builder's woodwork & other wood manufactures, excluding plywood, veneer and lumber Food products and beverages w Machinery and transport Textile yarn fabrlcs & other -elated products Cordage, cable, ropes & twines Furniture & parts Footwear Others Total , , , , , Source: NCSO.

42 Table 3.11 EXPORTS OF NONTRADITIONAL P8ODUCTBs (f.o.b. value in US$'000) hanufactured ilectica & electronic equipment & components ,5IT l f T ,059!0 Telecommunication & sound-recording & reproducing apparatus 6 equipment 18,022 14,482 26,608 12,106 9,994 Electrical machinery, apparatus & appliances 90, , , , ,011 Semiconductors 6 other aicrocomponents 729, , , , ,053 Garments 616, , , , ,040 Food products & beverages 309, , , , ,497 Meat 6 seat preparation 1,542 1, Dairy products & bird's eggs 1,939 2,050 2, Fish, crustaceans & mollusks, preserved or prepared, n.s.a. 53,664 48,618 55,010 47,277 49,239 Cereals 6 cereal preparations 4,019 5,246 5,164 5,168 5,594 Vegetables, roots 6 tubers prepared or preserved, ne..s. 4,125 3,461 1,350 1,670 1,282 Fruit preserved & fruit preparations (excluding pineapple in syrup) 34,156 39,381 30,903 40,585 41,764 Sugar & honey Sugar confectionery 4 other sugar preparations 150,472 4,490 45,279 3,667 34,799 4,410 7,346 3,757 23,908 3,953 Coffee, tea, cocoa 6 manufactures thereof (excluding coffee, not roasted) 43,337 51,931 26,399 11,198 11,937 Feeding stuff for animals 3,482 3,538 3,653 4,377 2,320 Miscellaneous edible products & preparations 4,692 6,308 7,754 8,676 7,594 Beverages 3,958 3,691 2,762 2,794 2,283 Handicrafts 133, , , , ,838 Chemicals & chemical products 103,733 96,767 87, , ,355 Organic chemicals 53,941 54,449 48,315 64,176 54,973 Inorganichemicals 5,096 5,608 3,305 3,328 15,237 Dyeing, tanning 6 coloring material , Medicinal 6 pharmaceutical products 7,679 7,954 7,558 7,176 8,332 Essential oils 6 perfume materials 2,489 2,151 2,492 4,070 5,480 fertilizers, manufactured ,086 33,416 Explosives 6 pyrotechnic products 737 1, Artificial resins & plastic materials & cellulosesters & others 21,282 12,276 11,434 11,216 17,199 Chemical materials 6 products, n-e.s. 11,654 12,483 11,561 14,099 16,333 Furniture 6 parts 87,398 71,598 83,556 88,298 83,719 Footwear 73,067 61,986 54,956 46,382 38,641 Machinery 6 transport equipment 51,305 50,561 39,316 42,895 37,084 onmetal'ic mineral manufactures, particularly cement 47,255 39,549 25,718 20,587 22,758 Textile, yarns, fabrics 6 products 43,305 38,917 28,468 25,447 24,896 Builder's woodworks 38,815 30,873 40,140 40,353 35,708 Toys 6 sportin goods 33,195 30,327 18,993 16,474 11,365 Watches & clocks 20,499 11,653 8, Cordage, cable, ropes & twines 20,493 13,864 12,026 11,149 10,123 Fuelwood, wood charcoal, pulpwuod 6,313 6,364 7,732 12,036 15,759 Pulp 6 wa8te paper 10,692 10,612 9,960 12,403 13,235 Mineral fuels, lubricants 6 related materials 42,238 33, ,664 86,643 41,765 Animal 6 vegetable oils, fats 6 waxes (excluding coconut oil) 35,834 29,561 47,884 63,821 42,955 Manufactures of netal, n.e.s. 18,284 19,415 10,938 9,915 7,933 Sanitary, plumbing, heating 6 lighting fixtures & fittings, n.e.s. 5,049 2,006 1,854 1,933 1,806 Others 33,376 37,849 44, , ,530 Unmanufactured Bananas , ',W , , , ,292 Nickel 6 nickel ores 120,850 61,446 63,313 25,257 78,128 Iron ore agglomerates 116, , , ,024 94,982 Nickel concentrates 52,476 9,176 7,815 2,539 18,692 Fish: fresh or simply preserved 89,665 70,665 76,685 68,208 99,295 Coffee, not roasted 39,376 49,429 46,687 76,154 69,542 Rice 31, , Iron 6 steel 30,169 21,933 27,856 36,384 40,130 Vegetables 6 fruits, fresh or dried 23,646 27,490 26,804 34,180 32,468 Oil seeds 6 coleaginous fruit 10,043 8,521 5,277 10,091 6,907 Crude rubber 9,733 6,379 5,071 5,630 9,917 Crude fertilizers 6 crude minerals 2,293 4,760 5,519 5,015 4,677 Crude aninals 6 vegetable materials, n.e.s. 16,263 20,403 20,189 16,516 24,583 Textile fibers 6 their waste (not manufactured into yarn 6 fabric) 4,808 6,059 6,718 7,461 14,622 Ystalliferroua ores 6 metal scrap 16,702 13,758 9,091 12,760 13,939 Nonferrous metals 9,072 10,505 40, , ,795 Others ,127 1, Special Triaotions /a Total /a Includes sanimals, live, n.s.a. (including too animele, dogs, cats, insects, etc.), arcored fighting vehicles, arms of war and ammunition coin, not being legal tender. Source: Board of Investmuts.

43 Table 3.12: ILORTS BY COMODITY GROUPS (To.b. in millions of US$) SITC Class Commodity group O F Food Food Preparations Dairy 354 produces r 492 ti 563 s -ar 650 -W2u R Fish -Xz -- 3 & fish ns preparations -R J TIT 20 Tm mt6t T -R Wheat Rice ! Others S Beverages & Tobacco Crude Materials, Inedible Cotton IV 'M -N XD -*X X Synthetic fibers Iron ore under consignment Others Mineral Fuels & Lubricants , Coal and colce T 7- T 'ff -ir 'I27 'IV '4 `ir 'if '; 321 Petroleum, crude ,115 1,857 2,081 1,784 1,741 1,472 1,277 Others Animal & Vegetable Oils & Fats Chemicals Cheaical 523 compounds TT 617 mnr Pharmaceuticals T w TMU T u 21 m I Tm Urea Fertilizer, 29 excluding 37 urea Others Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by MaterIal o Paper & 945 paper 987 products 882 n I Textile -IN yarn & fabrics -TZr -6T `9 47 -u lrc -E Iron & steel Metal products Others Machinery & Transport Equipment NIonlctrical machinery z W 1 Rr ' Electrical machinery 7 'V T 54 -' Transport equipment Misceilaneous Manufactures Protesslonal scientific, 128 & controlling instruments Others Commodities and Transactions Not Classified Elsewhere Materials for manuracturing ,343 1,012 electric & electronic equipment Material for embroidery or manufacture of garments Others Total Imports ,143 3,459 3,634 3,915 4,732 6,142 7,727 7, ,487 6,070 5,111 Source: Central Bank of-the Philippines, National Census and Statistics Office.

44 Table 3.13: IMPORTS BY END USE (f.o.b.) (in illions of US$, current prices) Commodity Group Capital Goods Nonelectrical machinery , Electrical machinery Transport equipment Aircraft, ships & boats Professional, scientific & controlling instruments Subtotal 1,149 1,400 1,785 1,986 1,924 1,785 1,697 1,lSO 786 Raw materials and intermediate goods Wheat Crude materials, inedible Cotton 36 4W synthetic & artificial fibers SO others Animal & vegetable oils and fats Centrifugal sugar Chemicals Chemical compound = Medicinal and pharmaceutical chemicals S8 S2 Urea 46 Fertilizer, excluding urea Others Manufactures Paper & paper products * i Textile yarn, fabrics and apparel Iron and steel Metal products Others Embroideries Materials & accessories for manufacture of electrical equipment Subtotal 1,166 1,882 2,476 2,855 2,768 2,913 2,927 2, Mineral fuels and lubricants Coal, coke and briquettes Petroleum, crude ,115 1,857 2,081 1,784 1,750 1,472 1,277 Others Subtotal 770 _1029 1,385 2,248 2,458 2,104 2,132 1, Consumer goods t T r2 Food and food preparation Dairy products I6 Fish and fish perparations Rice Corn Others Beverages and tobacco Miscellaneous, excl. professinal, scient. and controlling instruments Miscellaneous, n.e.s Live animala not for food 1 Articles temp. imported or exported Others Subtotal Total imports 3,459 4,778 6,141 7,725 7,945 7,666 7,468 6,026 5,108 Source: NEDA. National Accounts Staff.

45 Table 3.14s STRUCTURE OF IMPORTS BY END-USE (percentage of each category, current prices) Commodity Group Capital Goods Nonelectrical machinery ! Electrical machinery Transport equipment Aircraft, ships and boats ; Professional, scientific & controlling ' instruments Subtotal *31 Raw Materials and Intermediate Goods Wheat Crude materials, inedible Cotton 1.G w Synthetic and artifical fibers Others Animal & vegetable oils and fats ! Centrifugal sugar ( Chemicals , Chemical compound ( = ' Medicinal and pharmaceutical chemicals ; Urea ( Fertilizer, excluding urea Others ! Manufactures ' Paper & paper products ; Textile yarn, fabrics and apparel Iron and steel Metal products Others ; Embroideries Materials & accessories for manufacture of electrical equipment :; Subtotal Mineral Fuels and Lubricants Coal, coke and briquettes Petroleum, crude ( Others ! Subtotal > Consumer Goods Food and Food Preparations ( Dairy products TM1 Fish and fish preparations Rice C Corn * Others Beverages and tobacco Miscellaneous, excl. professional, scient. & controlling instruments o.oa Miscellaneous. n.e.a Live animals not for food oc Articles temp. imported or exported * Others Subtotal Total Imports *X Source: Table 3.13.

46 Table 3.15: IMPORTS OP PETROLEUM AND COAL Crade Petroleum Volume (aln barrels) Price ($/barrel) Value ($ aln) ,112 1,859 2,081 1,784 1,752 1,473 1,277 Petroleum Products Volume (mlk barrels) Price (Stbarrel) Value ($ mln) Coal Volume ('000 t) Price (/Wat) Value ($ aln) Source: Central BSank of the Philippines, National Census and Statistics Office.

47 Table 3.16: IMPORTS OF CAPITAL GOODS BY SECTOR (f.o.b. value in millions of US$) Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Energy Transportation Others Total ,149 1,125 1,077 1,401 1,784 1,986 1,925 1, , Source: NCSO.

48 Table 3.17: PRINCIPAL SOURCzS OF IMPORTS Millions of US$ ---- Japan ,285 1,398 1,786 1,494 1,532 1, United States ,402 1,531 1,787 1,703 1,739 1,630 1,282 European Comomnity Saudi Arabia , Kuwait ASEAN countries Taiwan Australia Socialist countries USSR China Other S Other countries ,259 1,224 1,235 1, Total 1,230 i,596 3,143 3,459 3,633 3,915 4,732 6,142 7,727 7,946 7,667 7,487 6,070 5, Percent of total - - Japan United States 25.& European Community Saudi Arabia Kuwait ASEAN countries Taiwan Australia Socialist countries USSR China Other Other countries Total Source: NCSO.

49 Table 3.18: ACTUAL CURRENT ACCOUNT (US$ million) Minerals (Net) , Copper exports (concentrates and refined) Exports of other minerals Imports of iron ore /a A8riculture (Net) 1,241 1,517 1,504 1, , Exports of Agricultural Products 1,706 2,099 2,274 1,958 1,678 1, ,213 Coconut products Sugar products Forest products Other agricultural products /b Imports of: Pertllizers (intermediate product) -= Agricultural products /c Capital goods for agriculture Manufacturing (Net) -1,039-1,253-1, Nontraditional manufactured exports /d 1,067 1,513 2,073 2,533 2,425 2,449 2,945 2,829 Imports of intermediate goods specifically for export production , Import of raw materials and intermediate goods (other) (excl. wheat) -1,307-1,700-1,740-1,704-1,839-1,766-1,227-1,111 Imports of capital goods for manufacturing b Energy (Net) -1,262-1,622-2,448-2,670-2,401-2,269-1,698-1,537 Exports of petroleum products /e Imports of petroleum -1,015-1,371-2,226-2,439-2,079-2,107-1,608-1,403 Imports of coals Imports of capital goods for energy Other Sectors (Net) ,081-1, Other exports and re-exports Imports of nonfood consumer goods Imports of capital goods for other sectors , Total Exports 3,425 4,601 5,788 5,722 5,021 5,005 5,391 4,629 Total Imports -4,732-6,142-7,727-7,946-7,667-7,487-6,070-5,111 (Memo item: Total capital goods imports) -1,401-1,784-1,986-1,925-1,786-1,698-1, Balance of Trade (Net) -1,307-1,541-1,939-2,224-2,646-2, /a Iron ore is imported from Australia, processed into iron ore agglomerates at a sintering plant in Mindanao, and exported chiefly to Japan. /b Canned pineapple, banana, abaca fibers, raw coffee, rice, fish, fresh or simply preserved, mangoes and tobacco unmanufactured. /c Food and food preparations, animal and vegetable oils and fats, cotton and beverages and tobacco. Id Ex:luding refined petroleum products and copper metal (exported starting 1983). /e Ntroleum products for international delivery, refined and residual petroleum products. Source: NCSO.

50 Table 3.19: RATIO OF AGRICULTURAL AND MANUFACTURING EXPORTS AND IMPORTS TO DOMESTIC OUTPUT, (Percent) Ratio to agricultural output (in Ratio to manufacturing output current prices) In current prices In 1972 prices Agrlcul- Agricul- ranu -ac- MUFF=- Manutac- manutactural tural turing turing turing turing Year exports imports exports/a imports/b exports/a imports/b (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (net dom. prod.) * * } (gross dom. prod.) } } * * * /a Exports net of traditional exports (i.e., food and wood products) and net of consignment exports as a ratio of gross output. /b Imports net of consignment imports as a ratio of domestic consumption - (gross output - exports + imports). Notes: Columns 1 and 2. Exports: aggregation of selected product groups: coconut products, sugar and sugar products, forest products, fruits and vegetables. Net and gross domestic product in agriculture, fishery and forestry. Columns 3-5. Exports and imports as proportion of gross outpuit. Source: Unpublished Statistical Appendix, Alburo and Shepherd, op. cit., 1986.

51 Table' 3.20: RATIO OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS TO GDP, (Percent) Current pesos Constant 1972 pesos x m x+m x m xlm Year GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP * e Sources: NEDA, Philippine Statistical Yearbook : NEDA, 1978; : NEDA, 1984; and : NEDA, National Income Accounts.

52 Talble 3.21: QUANTUM, PRICE AND VALUE INDICES, NET TERMS OF TRADE AND PURCHASING POWER OF EXPORTS, ( ) (US$) Quantum index Price index /a Value index Net terms Purchasing power CY Imports Exports Imports Exports Imports Exports of trade of exports e *8 131, , *4 76q ' * * * *8 270, * /b /a Unit values of imports are based on CIF value while those for exports are based on FOB value. 4b First quarter only. rce: Central Bank.

53 Table 4.1: MINING PRODUCTION, VOLUME OF MAJOR PRODUCTS Gold metal ' (thousand kg) Silver metal (thousand kg) Copper metal (thousand at) Chroutte ore (thousand dat) Iron ore 2, , , , (thousand dat) Nickel metal (thousand at) Coal , , ,294.0 (thousand at) Source: Bureau of Mines and Goo-Sciences, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR).

54 Table 4-2; MAJOR MINING PRODUCTION, VALUE IN CUERENT PRICES (in million pesos) /a 1984/b 1985 Precious Metals ,313 2,794 3, , Gold ,180 2,785 2,642 2,651 3,822 4,773 6,422 Silver Nonometalics , ,516 1, ,542 4, Cement ,071 1,192 1,370 2,002 2,107 27iL; 2,643 3,014 3,362 Sand and gravel ,022 1,142 1,087 Salt Silica sand Coal ,134 1,553 Other nonmetallics , Base Metals 1,532 2,503 2,990 2,158 2,586 3,252 3,303 5,558 6,7' , Chromit Copper 1,360 2,296 2,794 1,640 1,842 1,927 2,164 3,690 4,409 3,782 3,446 4,047 4,970 5,967 Iron orelconc I - I - I - - Nickel ,437 1, ,686 Others /c Total 2,242 3,530 4,498 3,949 4,424 5,404 6,070 9,107 12,820 11,877 11,302 13,641 17, /a Revised. /b Estimates /c Zinc, lead, manganese, cobalt, pyrite and others. Source: Bureau of Mines and Geo-Sciences, MNR.

55 Table 4.3: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN MINING AND QUARRYING (Million pesos at current prices) Type of mining h Copper mining 1,011 1,913 2,392 1,C26 1,129 1,032 1,283 2,7i3 3,068 2,074 1,616 1,784 2,915 3,313 Gold mining ,109 2,951 2,561 2,427 3,038 4,263 7,491 Iron ore mining /a Chromium ore mining Nickel mining /b Other metal mining /c Stone quarrying, clay and sand pits /d ,074 1,215 1,270 1,517 1,303 O Other nonmetallic mining and quarrying /e Total 1,346 2,407 3,097 2,000 2,128 2,488 3,333 5,810 8,095 6,849 6,106 7,021 9,714 13,707 /a From 1976 to 1985, data for iron ore are included under other metal mining. 7/ From 1970 to 1974, data for nickel are included under other metal mining. 7T Includes nickel, manganese ore, quicksilver, lead, zinc, pyrite cinders, silver and molybdenum mining. 75T Includes gravel and sand, adobe, marble, feldspar, dolomite, silica, limestone mining and quarrying and clay pits. 7 Includes coal, salt, pyrite, guano, gypsum, asbestos, talc, sulphur mining and quarrying. Source: NEDA, National Income Accounts.

56 Table 4.4: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN MINING AND QUARRYING (Million pesos at 1972 constant prices) Type of mining Copper mining 1,001 1,047 1,094 1,106 1,164 1,336 1,284 1,463 1,493 1,482 1,332 1,284 1,156 1,083 Gold mining Iron ore mining /a Chromium ore mining Nickel mining/b Other metal mining /c Stone quarrying, clay and sand p-'ts /d Other nonmetallic mining and quarrying /e To'tal 1,346 1,400 1,403 1,445 1,491 1,742 1,809 2,134 2,236 2,175 2,016 1,966 1,755 1,764 /a From 1976 to 1985, data for iron ore are included under other metal mining. 71b From 1970 to 1974, data for nickel are included under other metal mining. 7- Includes nickel, manganese ore, quicksilver, lead, zinc, pyrite cinders, silver and molybdenum mining. 7T Includes gravel and sand, adobe, marble, feldspar, dolomite, silica, limestone mining and quarrying 7T and Includes clay pits. coal, salt, pyrite, gu&.ao, gypsum, asbestos, talc, sulphur mining and quarrying. Source: NEDA, National Income Accounts.

57 Table 4.5: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN MANUFACTURING, BY INDUSTRY GROUP (Mlllion pesos at current prices) Industry group Food manufactures 3,623 4,787 6,626 7,231 8,241 9,605 15,529 16,530 20,026 23,694 27,189 31,388 49,745 56,062 Beverages Industries ,111 1,264 1,429 2,254 1,850 2,268 2,684 2,818 3,083 3,471 4,544 5,254 Tobacco manufactures 950 1,434 1,723 1,875 2,084 2, ,362 2,544 2,806 2,973 3,277 4,394 5,890 Textlle manufactures 798 1,047 1,470 1,687 2,154 3,216 4,325 4,277 4,622 5,161 5,261 5,794 7,586 7,551 Footwear, wearing apparel , ,013 3,657 4,567 4,983 5,852 8,672 10,140 Wood and cork products , ,148 1,144 1,561 2,080 2,426 2,882 3,042 3,431 3,923 4,076 Furniture sad fixtures Paper and paper products , ,009 1, ,115 1,865 1,864 Publishing and prlnting ,505 1,887 Leather and leather products Rubber products ,029 1,125 1,766 1,745 Chemicals and chemical products 1,812 2,223 3,054 3,530 4,254 5,224 4,240 5,142 5,918 5,983 6,105 7,227 10,334 10,424 Products of petroleum and coal 1,048 1,713 2,723 3,526 3,625 4,170 5,871 6,051 9,535 10,651 11,617 13,000 19,184 18,304 Nonmetallic mineral products ,087 1,275 1,159 1,421 1,828 1,978 2,289 2,506 2,956 2,668 Basic metal industrles ,373 1,629 1,631 1,444 2,079 2,237 2,217 2,614 3,126 5,068 6,489 Netal products ,071 1,272 1,686 1,919 1,945 2,283 2,639 2,768 3,638 Machinery except electrical ,134 1,377 1,610 1,824 2,043 1,916 2,333 Electrical machinery ,367 1,161 1,529 2,006 2,844 3,383 4,471 6,405 6,097 Transport equlpment ,447 1,586 1,487 1,120 1,381 1,530 1,757 1,841 1, Miscellaneous manufactures ,058 1,264 1,461 3,223 4,522 Total 13,388 17,715 24,608 28,544 32,545 39,318 44,404 54,093 65,993 75,151 83,133 95, , ,523 Source: NEDA, National Accounts Staff.

58 Table 4.6: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN KANuFACTURING, BY INDUSTRY GROUP (Million pesos at 1972 constant prices) Industry group Food manufactures 3,623 3,871 4,129 4,245 4,558 4,922 8,622 7,865 8,419 8,803 9,099 9,246 9,344 8,646 Beverages Industries , Tobacco manufactures 950 1,291 1,457 1,542 1,556 1: ,038 1,039 1,100 1,114 1, Textile manufactures ,097 1,348 1,212 1,071 1,049 1,095 1,053 1, Footwear, wearing apparel ,019 1,189 1,224 1,247 1,299 1,297 Wood and cork products Furniture and fixtures Paper and paper products Publishing and printing Leather and leather products Rubber products Chemicals and chemical products 1,812 1,994 2,075 2,165 2,462 2,787 2,162 2,321 2,365 2,317 2,273 2,315 1,797 1,704 Products of petroleum and coal 1,048 1,358 1,219 1,230 1,134 1,143 1,657 1,398 1,373 1,287 1,313 1,351 1,259 1,153 Nonmetallic mineral products Basic metal Industries ,121 1,070 Metal products ,040 1, ,052 1, Machinery except electrical Electrical machinery ,005 1,153 1,401 1,475 1,717 1,964 1,600 Transport equipment Miscellaneous manufactures Total 13,388 15,252 15,981 16,537 17,481 19,532 21,108 22,239 23,175 23, ,108 23,319 21,625 Source: MEDA, National Accounts Staff.

59 Table 4.t: SUMOARY OF GROSS VALUE OF OUTPUT OF WANuFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS WITH FIVE OR MORE WORKERS, BY INRDSTRY, (Million pesos) Major group /a 1977/a 1979/a 1980/a 1981/a 1983/a Food 716 1,858 1,986 3,032 3,870 4,834 9,210 14,516 12,676 17,623 25,324 27,870 31,300 36,497 Beverages ,017 1,250 1,762 2,440 3,925 3,826 3,363 7,208 7,571 Tobacco ,506 2,149 2,254 3,190 4,448 3,987 5,829 7,289 Textiles ,108 1,441 2,619 3,490 4,272 5,154 8,278 9,050 9,726 8,492 Footwear, wearlng apparel ,006 1,406 3,165 3,685 5,645 4,235 Wood and cork ,227 1,281 1,875 1,742 4,424 4,999 5,188 5,467 Furniture and fixtures 30/b ,246 1, Paper ,064 1,578 2,002 2,498 4,356 3,670 3,513 3,998 Printing ,003 1,863 1,926 1,855 1,719 Leather Rubber ,146 2,051 2,623 2,187 Chemdcals 293/b 759 1,191 1,480 2,174 2,872 3,299 4,669 5,320 6,455 9,103 16,194 16,768 18,500 Petroleum and coal /c ,374 1,758 2,520 6,315 8,720 8,274 11,577 19,938 23,073 29,041 onmetallic mineral products NA/b ,102 1,657 1,642 3,567 5,686 5,381 6,159 5,421 Basic metal ,923 2,276 2,828 2,748 4,278 4,891 4,741 10,480 Metal products ,137 1,290 1,376 1,998 2,716 3, Machinery except electrical ,476 1,639 1,644 1,066 Electrical machinery ,215 1,422 2,477 4,206 5,043 4,725 8,653 Transport equipment ,178 1,878 2,406 3,386 4,774 5,787 4,714 6,123 Miscellaneous , , Total 2,699 6,709 8,265 11,992 15,887 19,522 31, ,859 67, , , , ,428 /a Figures for are for all manufacturing establishments. 7r EKcluwes resales. 77i Combined with "aiscellaneous" to avoid disclosure. Note: No surve:s conducted in 1967, 1972, 1975 and not yet available. Source: NCSO, Annual Surveys of Establishments (1983 Census of Establishments).

60 Table 4.8: VALUE ADDED PER EMPLOYEE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING SECTORS, (Values in P'000, 1972 prices) Wood fur- Printlng All Sugar Bever- Tex- Wearing Foot- Wood niture & Paper & pub- Industrlal Electrical Year afg. Food milllng ages Tobacco tiles apparel Leather wear prod. fixtures prod. lishing chemicals machinery * * *29 3* * *86 10* * * * * * * * * *73 9* *97 13*36 0; * * * * * * *92 43* *95 0* * * * * *30 49* * * * *85 9*24 22* * * *29 3*00 6*17 7e * * *05 17*96 0*72 25*53 7* *33 25*74 7*09 3* * * *16 4* * * * *09 7* * * *42 8*76 5* * * *66 30* * * * *40 4* *45 14* * * * * * *38 29* *68 4*54 2*71 14* * * *97 30*56 6*88 4* *34 23* * * * * * *70 3*12 15* Source: Data base of Richard Rooley (see Rooley, 1985).

61 Table 4.9: ANNAL GROWTH RATES o0 GROSS VALUE ADDED IN WNUFACTURING BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 1967/ /85 (Percent, ia constant 1972 prices) Inustry/industry group 1967/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /8S Menufacturing (5.48) (7.97) Food maufactures (1.8) (6.9) (7.86) Beverage fidustries (40.8) (0.3) (1.74) Tobacco manufactures 5S (72.5) (23.19) 6.07 Textile manufectures 6.5 (7.4) (10.1) 1.5 (14.7) 4.4 (3.8) (0.28) (9.33) (22.02) Footwear, wearing apparel (4.5) 9.8 (12.2) (49.6) (4.46) Wood and cork products 1.5 (11.4) (26.2) (11.9) (0.4) 1.70 (14.39) (7.31) Furniture and fixtures (12.2) 4.7 (2.2) (15.9) (21.0) (23.24) Paper and paper products 7.9 (4.5) 24.5 (15.0) (3.3) (62.5) 3.1 (5.0) (1.6) (8.5) (2.55) (20.33) Publishing and printing (1.5) (40.4) Leatber and leather products (37.5) (20.0) (8.3) (23.5) (7.04) (4.55) 6.35 Rubber products 7.5 (10.5) (11.8) (7.9) (2.47) 3.80 (17.66) Chemicals and chemical products (22.4) (2.0) (1.9) 1.85 (19.18) (5.56) Products of petroleum and coal (10.2) 0.9 (7.8) 0.R (20.8) (6.3) (5.85) (11.20) Nonmetallic mineral products 4.5 (1.3) 6.9 (8.1) (2.2) 34.2 (9.4) (20.5) (6.1) (10.05) (21.00) Balsc metal Industries (21.8) (4.0) (5.7) (7.3) (3.84) metal industries (6.1) (2.3) (5.0) (6.1) (13.84) (4.86) Machinery, except electrical 26.2 (23.5) 27.1 (5.1) (6.3) (1.6) (29.61) (9.95) Electrical machinery (3.8) (11.1) (16.04) Transport equipwent (9.6) 5.3 (0.4) (16.8) (3.0) (15.97) (81.67) 8.06 Miceellant us manufactures (2.4) (52.4) Source; NED, National Accounts Staff.

62 STbl&4.10s NKT CAPITAL STOCK (F1X D ASSETS IUID IMlNY0RIES) FOR Iur6cTUkttrc FIRIIS VIYII 20 OR MORE It0iR16S thtllior" of peso* at 19J2 prices) SI t S Ptoducer's price Index ( ) , SR s All MtenuMcuingt Fix" dasat , A ,141.6? f036.$ R Inventories 41 T 28.2fi;5"4 t1 t; =2 94 i 2 9., B98m; 1. Food ( ) Fixed assets t SS.2 1,)f64.6 1, , ,666.2 Inventories Sll.S t.9 BeverVes (313) Fixed seeete Inventories Sw , S.s Tobacco (314) Fixed **eets 51.4 S S Inventot2en S Textiles t321) FiSxed assets t, , ,n85,8 1,nA83 1,os57.0 IInveftorieg e.s 3S Vearing apparel t322) Fticed assets S $j t R 7 6A.2 Intventtottes * Le ther (321) Ftxed assets S Inventories Footwear (324) fixed assets S Inventories I Woo products t331) Fixed assets ao tS Inventoiries SS S6.6 93, Furniture and fixtures (332) Fixed *ss-to ls 31.4 * Inventories t 10.1 IO Paper products (341) Ftxed assets n Inventories Printing3 an4 publishing (342) Fixed assets M1.5 12t ~5.7 tnventortee *7.5 Sl.l Industrial chmie-ls f351) Fixed *asets $ tinventtories II.S * at.? other ctcstale OR5) Fixrid assets i / Inventories S S Petroleum OM53 Fixed a*sots - - 3SS.S ^ Inventortes Rubber (355) Ftxed "oneto s.n 84.3 Inl.l IS t).1 I9n Inventories S S Plastcts t356) Ptxed assets 11.3 t n Inventories S.l IS.I Pottery, chino t361) Ftxed * zots Inveftorti -.o 5.0,1e"s (362) Fixed assets 18, a , Inventortes _omtelltc adnerst (363/369) Fixed2 assts ' S tt,wettorte S b9.1 Iron end steel, t371) fnxd assets InVentories Nonf rrous fabricated steridng (372) Fixed ao ts - - Z.n {rwentotoes t Nonferrou, fabric ante satl produc-to 381) Ptxed assts S t Intentortee tgehtaery, excludteg electrical (3S2) Fixed assets S n tmntorSee IS n.8 Uectstrca o1tinert (3S3) FSwed assets S Inventorten S S S2.2 IS2.S tr-nport equtpmgt (3d4) Iried "Sets la4.9 10h Inventories S 7n

63 Table 4.10: (cont 'd) (Nillionw-TPsoo at I192 prices) 19b9 Ig l J Ptoduc t's prit:e Index ( ) 70, $ SI AUtll fautecturin g;itii;et 9, , ,t ,t a ut ,772.1 S S loveatogtes i;! ,342.6,97U S,-29 S21g.9 6!i%. 7j; hod4 t311/312) Ptx d "Sets 1, a.9 2, ,41S.3 2,4R8.1 2,S28.7 2, ,692, ,993.4 Inventorie , S fl) Bevearges (313) Ftx d assets RI , ,030.0 taventottee la Tobacco (314) Ftwad n"sets t S lavantorte lb S touttlea, (321) Fixed assets 1, ,671.3 I,727.l 1, , ,475.9 Inv ntorteo S , ,179.5 Vertnll spvarol (322) Fixed assets S $ I0S Ina"atorieo Loettor (323) Pixed eseets lanvetodleo *lootw r (324) F1xt ao etc , Inveatott o WA, Itood products (331) fixed assets A Invotories, n a FurntituV and ftxtureo (332) Fixed agto Q Invoutovits. lo.l lo.n n Paper ptroducto (341) rixd assets , inv"torti IS ? R Ptleadng and publishing (342) Fixt "Sets S Inventories latitrtnl chemtcals (351) Iltxet assets a a laveatortes IIS.I S Other ehtde ls (352) Ftwed e *St* S n Inventories , * ,trlolew (353) Ftxed asstn , , R tav ntorteo SI ) Rubber (355) twet awte 21S loventories 'S4tico (356) fixed aeto W t nva"fted o 32, $ fttt ry, c't4n (361) rtx d assets loveatorits n (tlsw (362) Fixed aeete t Invntories ! _amtallc nunet ls (363/369) Fixed aeto , , , , , , , , ,1)87.3 Dnftod cs : S.R tton eo steel (371) Fiwd t n) , mngatrt a Ventiarrwm fabrica ts teri le (372) ftx d assts Invntories llw tvou tabteti A te ntl producto (381) Ftwed onto B lentwottes e Mahnery excluding eleetrtc l (382) visd seento 79.4 $I , S Ivntories S U cetrtcl machinery (383) nm d "oto S laotroiea ISO Stetopot equipmnt (384) Ftu asseto S t , , ,0twtod Soutces Data b"lo for Boolay (1985).

64 Table 4.11: RATIO OF FIXED ASSETS TO GROSS OUTPUT BY MANIUFACTURING SECTOR, (In constant prices) t R All Manufacturing Food n Sugar miiinit n n.a. n.e. n.a..'i 1.10 Beverages n n Tobacco Textiles 0.s n9 o.q O.A I.o0 O Wearing apparel ' Leather n n.s n o.ql Footwear n n Wood products O.RS Wood furniture and fixtures 0.27 n n Paper products Printing and publishing '.l 0.86 Industrial chemicals n P5 Other chemicals n n Petroleum products n0.a Rubber products n n.65 n t Plastic Products n a Glass products n.70 0( ) Nonmetallic mineral products n n I.8l R Iron and steel Nonferrous metals n.611 n n Fabricated metals n Machinery I Electrical machinery n n Transport eqa4pment s % Source: neae base for Hooley (1985).

65 Table 4.12: EXPORTS AS PROPORTION OF TOTAL PRODUCTION, 1974, exports as Exports as 1.0. Exports Output percent Exports Output percent sector (million (million of output (million (million of output code Input/output sectors pesos) pesos) (percent) pesos) pesos) (percent) 14 Sugar milling 4,252 5, ,688 6, & 17 Coconut oils /a 2,612 3, ,998 10, Other manufac1e red foods , ,290 15, Beverages 23 1, , Tobacco 25 2, , Textiles 196 3, ,359 10, Clothing and footwear 152 1, ,060 7, & 27 Wood /b 552 1, ,609 6, FurniTF-re , Paper 53 1, , Printing , Leather products Rubber , Chemicals /c 106 4, , Oil and coda7 products 100 8, , Hydraulic cement , Other nonmentallic minerals , Basic metals 138 2, , Metal products 9 1, , Machinery , Electrical machinery 17 1, ,155 4, Transport equipment 6 1, ,724 5*1 45 Miscellaneous , Total 9,628 67, , , /a Includes crude coconut, vegetable oils, and fats, including copra cake and meal, coconut oil, vegetable oil and margarine. /b Lumber, plywood, veneer. /c Drugs and medicines, basic industrial chemicals, fertilizer, other chemicals and products. Source: NEDA. The Interindustry Accounts of the Philippines, 1974, 1979.

66 Table 4.13: DIRECT IMPORT REQUIREMENTS OF MANUFACTURING OUTPUT 1974, Direct import IOe. Direct Imports import Output requirement sector Imports Output requirement (million (million per unit code of (million Input/output (million sectors per unit pesos) of pesos) output (percent) pesos) pesos) output (percent) 14 Sugar milling 15 5, , & 17 Coconut oils /a 67 3, , Other manufact1fred fuels 1,324 21, , Beverages 70 1, , Tobacco 212 2, , Textiles 1,254 3, ,837 10, Clothing and footwear 164 1, ,421 7, & 27 Wood /b 84 1, , FurniTWre , Paper 339 1,869 21* , Printing , Leather products Rubber , Chemicals /c 1,208 4, ,697 13, Oil and co-at products 4,331 8, ,975 16, vi 38 Hydraulic cement , > 39 Other nonmetallic minerals , Basic metals 1,064 2, ,759 7, Metal products 417 1, , Machiner , Electrical machinery 149 1, ,245 4, Transport equipment 132 1, , Miscellaneous , Total 11,676 67, , , /a Includes crude coconut, vegetable oils and fats, including copra cake and meal, coconut oil, vegetable oil and margarine. /b Lumber, plywood, and veneer. 75 Drugs and medicines, basic industrial chemical, fertilizer, other chemicals and products. Source: NEDA. The Interindustry Accounts of the Philippines, 1974, 1979.

67 Table 4.14: MANUFACTURING INVESTMENTS BY COMMODITY GROUP, (P'000; current prices) SIC code Sector /312 Food 466, , ,665 1,025,042 1,133,921 1,148, ,900 2,061, Beverages 71, , , , , , , , Tobacco 48, ,325 65,108 39, , , , , Textiles 576, , ,876 1,212, , , , , Wearing apparel 28,147 38;676 59, , , , , , Leather 3,643 2,294 92,212 6,250 10,558 3,903 3,000 2, Footwear 11,469 1,633 10,930 6,831 8,588 3,981 6,300 11, Wood and wood products 159,980 82, , , , , , , Furniture 12,184 21,541 16,459 60,425 98,572 48,675 28,300 48, Paper and paper products 154, , , , , , , , Printing 62,923 66, , , ,239 66,635 58,200 65, Industrial chemicals 283, , , , , , , , Other chemical products 102, , , , , , , , Petroleum refineries 43,658 55, , , , , , , Petroleum and coal products 1,680 9,510 9, no.a 3, Rubber products 113,447 28, ,871 63,901 78, ,485 67,900 53, Plastic products 31,331 75, ,647 72, ,722 81,784 77,500 95, Pottery, china, earthenware 20,467 43,867 9,192 44,671 30, ,127 n.a. 6, Glass 36,309 41, , ,520 93, , , ,561w 363 Cement ,753 90, , , ,200/a 477, Other nonmetallic minerals 372,229 89,165 77,207 64, ,241 85, ,90r-- 45, Iron and steel 55,239 90, ,904 80,170 1,043,488 1,059,212 69, , Nonferrous metals 7,623 11,238 5,484 77, ,913 88, ,300 50, Fabricated metal products 43,278 50, ,260 92, , ,976 43,400 94, Machinery, excl. electrical 41,517 45,431 34,023 93, ,989 65, ,900 44, Electrical machinery 83, , , , , , , , Transport equipment 98, , , , ,345 n.a. 200, Scientific equipment 1, ,509 54,070 4,867 2,404 n.a. 8, Repair of metal furniture ,722 5,651 2,489 n*.e Others 13,138 3,159 18,192 15,793 27,401 9,857 n.a. 0 Manufacturing Investments 2,944,461 2,736,805 4,497,208 5,787,859 7,720,868 7,757,421 5,523,100 7, /a Cement and other nonmetallic minerals. Source: NCSO, Annual Surveys of Establishments, 1978, Census of Establishments.

68 Table 4.15: NAtJFACTURING INVESTMhENTS BY CONMODITY GROUP, (P'000; 1972 prices) /a SIC code Sectbr /312 Food 250, ,606 33s, , , , , , Beverages 38, , , , , , , , Tobacco 26,165 84,613 30,945 16,416 35,969 48, , , Textiles 309, , , , , , , , Wearing apparel 15,117 19,213 28,068 42,599 49, , ,500 29, Leather 1,956 1,140 43,827 2,570-3,707 1,244 1, Footwear 6, ,195 2,809 3,015 1,269 2,300 3,103 3t1 Wood and wood products 85,918 41, , , , , ,800 66, furniture 6,544 10,701 7,823 24,846 34,611 15,516 10,300 12, Paper and paper products 83,058 55,212 72, ,439 71,105 79,853 61,800 29, Printing 33,793 33,019 58,859 46,959 53,455 21,242 21,200 17, Ildustrial chemicals 152,006 95,673 57,433 92, , , ,900 64, Other chemical products 55,028 65, ,467 82, ,729 84,054 73,700 66, Petroleum refineries 23,447 27,483 48,153 54,280 49,081 44,096 45,000 29, Petroleum and coal products 902 4,724 4, n.a Rubber products 60,927 14,055 58,399 26,275 27,474 33,945 24,700 14, Plastic products 16,827 37,414 63,045 29,731 36,770 26,071 28,200 25,278 i 361 Pottery, china, earthenware 10,992 21,792 4,369 18,368 10,810 41,800 noa. 1,758 w, 362 Glass 19,500 20,848 58,107 76,283 32,848 50, ,600 48,169 ' 363 Cement ,213 37,128 78, ,387 53, , Other nonmetallic minerals 199,908 44,295 36,695 26, ,326 27,398 53,100 12, Iron and steel 29,666 44, ,323 32, , ,651 25,200 66, Nonferrous metals 4,094 5,583 2,606 31,886 52,287 28,172 38,000 13, Fabricated metal products 23,243 25,000 50,979 37,996 45,121 35,376 15,800 24, Machinery, excl. electrical 22,297 22,569 16,171 38,628 36,162 20, ,200 11, Electrical machinery 44,731 62,521 78,231 94, , ,524 37, , Transport equipment 52,861 76,523 97, ,444 97,708 56,215 noa. 52, Scientific equipment ,192 22,233 1, n.a. 2, Repair of metal furniture ,942 1, n.a Others 7,056 1,569 8,646 6,494 9,621 3,142 n.a. 0 Manufacturing Investments 1,581,343 1,359,565 2,137,456 2,379,876 2,710,979 2,472,879 2,009,400 1,945,894 /a Deflated by implicit price deflator for manufacturing

69 Table 4.16: MAUJFACTURING INVESTMENTS 1r" COMMODITY GROUP, (Percent in each sector, current prices) SIC code Sector /312 Food Beverages Tobacco O.G Textiles Wearing apparel * j* * Leather 0* Footwear Wood and wood products Furniture O Paper and paper products A Printing i C Industrial chemicals Other chemical products Petroleum refineries Petroleum and coal products n.a Rubber products * Plastic products i Pottery, china, earthenware n.a Glass * a 363 Cement ' /a Other nonmetallic minerals } Iron and steel Nouferrous metals Fabricated metal products Machinery, excl. electrical Electrical machinery Transport equipment Scientific equipment n.a Repair of metal furniture n.a Others n.ae 0.00 Manufacturing Investnients /a Cement and other nonmetallic minerals.

70 /a Establishments with ten ormore perst'-s engaged or P I million or more average monthly revenue. Table4:17: DATA ON MANUFACTURING AND WEARING APPAREL, (Monetary figures In p*tsos) N?mber of establishments Total employment Employees Compensation Gross output Total costs Total 1982 mfg. Vearing apparel/322 Wearing 1983 Total mfg. apparel/322 Wearing 1984p Total afg. apparel/322 Total mfg. Wearing apparel/322 Total mig. Wearing apparel/322 85,310 28,178 85,257 28,184 83,293 26,864 56,047 19,0v3 1,078,027 6,020/a 152, ,097, ,484 1,088, , ,56" 134,,87 958, , ,351 48, ,056 11,, , , , ,538 10,468, , ,897 87,935 12,071, ,668 13,370,764 1,109,909 11,480, , ,058,285 13,256,428 3,391,710 1,049, ,330,850 5,905, ,701,606 4, ,917,414 4,351, ,719,123 4,663,387 Cost of materials and supplies Value added 100,715,600 2,259, ,835,113 3,441, ,500,433 2,954, ,407, ,391 7,660,714 2,788,305 75,322,938 1,S65,421 87,358,293 2,461,422 96,386,607 2,03:,268 98,245,185 2,2i6, ,430,09. 2,208,323 25,828,915 1,164,680 25,571,481 1,629,818 32,282,020 1,546,690 51,222,689 1,695,194 60,499,506 2,047,894 Fixed aesets-total 39,470,674 Buildings 968,861 45,624,017 7,782,893 1,096,701 52,359,179 1,195,611 Plant nnd 294,077 machinery 9,150, ,219 50,588,466 11,167, ,363!2,982,}S8 423, , ,454 27,114,704 11,871, , ,006 29,860, ,999 11,112, ,391 Depreciation-total 429,850 33,107, ,409,032 34,135,743 95, ,688 Buildings 5,468, ,817 6,216, ,794 Plant lb and macainery /b /b 5,022,706 /b 119,341 7 /b 5.429,638 7 lb 135, _b _ W 28,259 7-b 830,955 3,704,610 22,027 Capital expenditures P3,950 4,048,155 57,021 during the year 7,559, ,718 7,757, ,652 7,018,468 83,389 7,656, ,593 7,917, ,269 Year-end inventory-total 31,064,513 Finished 918,429 products 31,488,777 i,649,378 1,072,014 32,932,699 1,263,289 Work-in-progroqs 264,707 10,608,838 1,478, ,962 3,987, ,980 11,969, ,735 39,554,616 9,869,649 1,148,739 Materials 161,983 and supplies 4,010, ,005 4,535, ,636 16,607, ,197 13,317, ,871 3,610, ,824 15,909, ,728 15,318, , ,298 4,350,472 17,869, , ,;28 21,018, ,570 p - preliminary; may greatly vary during final update. /b No detailed data, except total for years Source: 1983 is Census of Establishments (CE); other years are Annual Survey of Establisbments (ASE).

71 Table 4:1& PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES /a BY FIRM SIZE, 1983 Total com- Fixed Value added/ pensation/ assets/ Total sales/ Compensation! Fined assets/ Value added! total sales value added value added etployee e oployee loempyee SIC code Sector (%) (ratio) ( 000 pesoe) /312 Food Beverages Tobacco Textiles Wearing apparel Leather goods Footwear ; Wood products Furniture Paper rintIng Industrial chemicals Other chemicals Petroleum refineries n.a n.a. 1.5 n.a n.a. 17,699 n.a n.a n.a. 4, Oll and coal products Rubber Plastics Pottery, china, etc Glass Other nonmetallic minerals Iron and steel Nonferrous metal Metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical machinery Transport equipment Prof., scientific equipment All Industrles All Industriess (with less than 10 workers) All Industries (All Firms) /a Covers all establishments with employment of ten persons and over. Source: NCSC, Census of Establishments, Large Manufacturing, 1983.

72 -61 Table 3.1 It7U7W IIIBC 38uaSUINi T8 PEiLIPPINEs, 1983 (Value isn 000) no. of go. of Ceus Total Itnuetry lndustry gtoup end *etab- Total pad value Fsid compencode employmnt clasaification liahmate oeploy O" ees added eaoots sation Total coats Total sales 311/312 focd , <10 4! Z ST1, IL4 14M 3 57,5* 7U4, ,327 29, ,81 1,903,428 1,333, ,969 7,956,273 9,344, ,376 9, ,136 1,211, ,666 2,394,723 3,051, & over ,511 93,511 7,509,617 8,576,448 1,672,494 17,415,341 23,914, Beverages <10 7W -T4 b 15TW7 ff 4,3T 11,311 I ,696 1, ,662 61,845 19, , , I ,443 17,554 4,844 46,439 64, & over 40 25,734 25,734 4,115,188 3,309, ,004 3,512,859 7,090, Tobacco ,966 2,060,129 1,385, ,220 5,462,443 7,006,160 < ,396 2,030 2,349 38,282 44, ,041 10,964 4,194 19,229 39, & over 16 17,095 17,093 2,024,688 1,372, ,672 S,404,926 6,921, Textiles , , , <10 YZ" 41ir Ir Zj,U4 16,734 4,0W "!67U L4,UV ,831 7, , ,855 74, , , ,650 6, , ,852 79, , , over 82 71,349 71,349 2,815,199 5,786, ,675 5,000,201 6,968, Weering apparel < T!42M T 1l73: ,910 7, ,173 82,741 52, , , ,-91 4, ,775 61,183 49, , , & over 79 63,079 63,079 1,294, , ,832 2,080,298 3,181, Leather & leather products <10 93T S3YT -W T3W 4?T "M ,256 1,209 22, ,198 46,268 62, ,615 10,991 4,565 18,667 26, over 3 1,724 1,724 53,187 33,187 18,409 72,653 94, Footvear <10 TM74 S8 377T 3T,89 5T7r ,061 2,813 39,567 44,693 18,545 56,117 91, ,293 8,969 9,046 26,039 38, over 8 4,541 4, ,460 53,718 47, , , Wood and cork 1, , <10 T, 5,18,7t0 43,484 48,W7 3ST 3i,Z ,477 8, ,242 3,J8,100 70, , , ,897 6, , ,909 78, , , & over 63 44,288 44,288 1,647,691 1,669, ,585 2,414,910 3,857, Wooden furnture <10 IN~ -M itiff 51T UT ,707 6, , ,416 51, , , ,097 3,09, 106,948 33,823 30, , , over 21 9,517 9, ,010 75,922 81, , , Perer , A <10 -r ""7 -"' 3!5 1!2rZ,- r ' 3!98 V!M ,402 2, , ,226 29, , , ,056 2, , ,703 33, , , & over 17 8,929 8, ,050 2,300, ,452 2,023,900 3,038 S Printing , <10 *535 e:,s WM s ,417 8, , , , , , ,832 2, , ,203 51, , , & over 11 3,862 3, , ,289 93, , , Ildus:rial chemicals , , <10 1T ` U 67 ` ZO,ZDZ I zu4/uz 8 S ,635 2, , ,575 61,237 1,196,270 1,581, ,473 2, , ,327 6, , , over 14 5,242 5,242 1,133,583 1,189, ,323 2,002,252 2,901, Other chemicals < Z 15Z 14T311 M18TUn ,621 4, , , , ,470 1,171, , , , ,005, , & over 24 14,033 14,033 2,977, , ,401 4,933,859 6,718, Petroleus refineries 3 1,676 1,676 7,375, , ,357 23,741,439 29, < & over 3 1,676 1,676 7,375, , ,357 23,471,439 29,662, Oil snd coal products ,529 34,998 5, , <10 /a , ,437 16,314 3,012 97, , ,091 18,682 2,92e 39,251 53, & over

73 Table 5.1Is (emstd4) tvilut in P 000) No. of go. of Csnsu Total Industry Industry group *Wd aetab- Total paid value l"d eouponcode eployment cja.aifit.tion ltob_dto employees ployee added aaaeta eation Total coats Total salee 355 Rubber <10 mt 59 2,I8T WR5711 O W O 'TWI ,587 2, ,362 92,265 33, , , ,240 19,183 12,049 6,599 74, & over 14 13,924 13, , , ,385 1,280,920 1,785, Plastics S , ,956 3, , ,282 44, , , ,094 3, , ,966 45, , , over 18 9,728 9, , , , ,036 1,217, Pottery, china, earthenware <10 31 TNW T :7-.,/ = TUW 47T ,489 5,101 3,003 4,375 8, , ,316 5,141 13, & over 3 1,774 1, , ,126 31, , , Glass , ,7je 17,500 7,968 66,891 91, ,599 55,234 2,871 8,004 13, & over 9 6,353 6, , , , ,294 1,053, Other nonmetallic mineral product <10 S 74IW, 3 47 Iz; ,452 4, , ,217 45, , , ,351 2, , ,539 40, , , over 8 5,376 5, , ,055 74, , , Iron and steel , ,734, , ,691,686 < ,190 3, , ,917 43, , , , ,311 22e , ,595 1,115, & over 21 11,661 11,661 3,867,634 3,333, ,253 3,968,034 7,774, Nonferrous metal 33 3,619 3, , ,489 90, , < ,088 32,181 8,698 81, , , ,532 23,819 74, , over 5 2,078 2, , ,770 57, , , Fabricated metals <10 T1 TT52T 3T *S5 JTu7n r ,503 7, , ,270 82, ,609 1,036, ,760 3, , ,498 52, , , & over 21 8,117 8, , , , ,633 1,287, Machinery <10 i4p.. -TT 736,90 = ~.- *3, , ,588 18,486 93, , , ,065 2,064 87,370 63,844 31, , , & over 13 6,531 6, , ,937 88, , , Electrical machinery , , <10 -Tr Y7 3,b Y U 1V 5 IVT/ " 17W ,984 2, , ,296 41, , , ,845 2, , ,001 49, , , over 56 47,131 47,131 3,010,134 1,546, ,351 5,485,252 7,802, Transport equipment , <10 my ` m,, "55 W 6 4% ,180 4, , ,886 51, ,430 18, ,678 2, , ,448 44, , , h over 25 15,397 15,397 1,298,766 2,306, ,816 4,134,338 5,339, Prof. and scientific equiptumnt <10 -T 1T T,--7 I M ,888 11,443 3,836 36,864 48, ,150 5,607 3,143 21,937 27, over ,774 8,798 2,588 26,108 29, Metal furniture <10 IN -'ir -fi -FN" -T. -itff ij3 i 'T ,288 29,977 8,370 28,327 45, over ,472 57,435 1,847 11,998 11, other <10 'v5*f fs2t t -f M i7&w 2U,77T 7' r Z73T23 -~ ,098 2,940 70,660 75,785 29, , , ,652 2,650 98,825 42,713 36, , , over 10 2,982 2, ,843 73,923 41, , ,532 All Industries ,879 18, "IU M Ws S3,44-13U ',411 49/ 1,440U,IU -I:5ga ,512 * 127, ,891,394 5,182,743 1,299,480 15,962,617 20,369, ,884 70,812 4,6886,9814,959,209 1,123,485 10,301,215 13,629, over , ,492 44,800,52838,835,095 8,618,231 90,622, ,092,322 A Combid itb 352. Sources ICSO, Census of Eatablisbsantt, Nsnufacturing Establibments, 1983.

74 tabl 5.2 NWIWACTUI 3STMLtS013U8: UStIOIL CAPITAL I3161O8, 1983 (Volvo is 900O) go. of Io. Of Ceaae Total tidustry industry &0 4and eatab- Total paid "lue nr ed comesco"e eaployas 'Stcasification lishats eaployee eaployas added "Sets otion Total coat Total acles 311/312 O , & , <10 r74r T1 -- lo- go 288 8, ,28, ,220 88,594 6,319,121 7,363, ,931 4, , ,476 88,537 1,555,743 1,863, over 40 29,310 29,310 3,321,297 1,710, ,*18 6,485,982 9,236, Beverages , ,213,922 2, <10 -r =!Y 4"ff ,523 2,162 3,869 44,417 63, ,603 12,602 2,314 16,893 26, over 7 8,494 8,494 1,465, , ,569 1,152,610 2,455, Tobacco 17 14, < ,205 1,803 1,912 36, , ,78 2,763 2,49S 3, ,445 & over 11 14,282 14,282 1,983,509 1,345, ,946 5,242,051 6,744, Textiles , <10 -MT 5Z - - F ,093 6, , ,509 61, , , , , , , , over 58 48, ,295 1,688,484 2,761, ,585 3,020,757 4,295, Vearing apparel 4, , , ,461 <10 W:a9 X r M,/ ,314 4,103 93,182 51,691 35, , , ,481 3,470 93,834 53,787 43, , ,918 & over 54 44,420 44, , , ,244 1,481,533 2,323, Leather 6 leather products , I 116,512 <10 1U.. L~ -TiT w ,944 8,162 7,146 32,501 42, ,409 1, ,797 7, * over 2 1,049 1,049 32,577 22,926 13,758 S3,450 66, Footwear ,423 52, , ,928 <10 37, if7, w " ,165 2,007 26,974 31,804 13,542 36,647 60, ,293 8,969 9,046 26,039 ;8, & over 3 1,222 1,222 18,153 12,020 10,331 42,440 61, Wood and cork , , ,791 <10 10 *2~ , , ,498 24, , , ,169 1,169 93,422 71,S43 14, , , A over 6 2,647 2, , ,817 41, , , Wooen furniture , ,210 <10 1 if T 7 W - - 3W ,001 2,917 70,478 69,451 29,175 85, , ,183 ',183 76,941 16,382 13,920 56, , over 4 1,040 1,040 29,595 13,013 13,570 30,690 56, Paper , , , ,336 < "W~ -i1t - - 4Tff, ,981 1, , ,063 23, , , ,562 1, ,572 77,457 25, , , & over 7 3,317 3, , ,829 66, , , Printing , , , <10 TY Z*UT ,861 5, , ,642 79, , , ,531 2, , ,540 48, , , A over 11 3,862 3, , ,289 93, , ,970 3"1 lafidtrial cheumcals S , , <10 7 Z3A ,394 1, , ,028 34, , , ,608 1, , ,406 43, , , & over 7 2,621 2, , ,986 80, ,015 1,172, Other chetcals ,821,037 1, , <10 -Trv %- - ~-, ,564 3, , ,117 73, , , ,815 4, , , ,644 1,691,804 2,130, over 20 12,522 12,522 2,783, , ,883 4,700,839 6,384, Oil end coal products ,868 13, <10 /a _ , ,053 36, ,137 12,885 2,295 38,101 50, Iover Rubber , ,190 25,264 1, ,668 <10 ~~-i ,383 1,368 59,853 49,453 19, , , ,240 19,183 12,049 46, over 11 12,480 12, , , ,235 1,214,545 1,689,940

75 Table5.2 i t alue in a (cout,d) CO0O) No. of No. of Comes Total Industry Industry froup and. estab- Total paid value fixed compencode employment cl sslfication lisents eaployees employees added assets sation Total costs Total seale 356 Plastics , , <10 -w -If 1I` ,301 3, , ,545 35, , , ,979 2, , ,104 43, , , & over 15 4,389 4, , ,660 78, , , Pottery, china, earthelnare , <10 -T ~!T LT I ,706 4,297 2,594 3,771 6, , ,316 5,141 13, & over 2 1,262 1, , ,279 27, , , Glass , , ,030 <10 it 4"% ,300 16,637 7,374 60,766 83, ,599 55,234 2,871 8,004 13, over 6 5,104 5, , , , , , Cement , , <10 B 4W * & over , ,155 26, , , Other nometallic mineral products 73 8, , <10 lb 10-Y9 58 2,007 1,951 57,657 62,948 24, , , ,264 1,264 64, ,477 21, , , & over 6 4,772 4, , ,145 65, , , Iron and steel ,522 1,388,009 1, , < ,436 2, , ,071 31, , , , ,970 98,144 38, , , & over 14 7,192 7,192 1,033,785 1,412, ,766 2,794,218 3,743, Nonferrous metals 24 2,149 2, , ,323 46, ,473 < ,650 11,283 4,473 40,696 53, ,637 49,526 11,246 64,474 81, * over 3 1,081 1, , ,510 30, , , Fabricated metals ,121 1, <10 YT W - - u:-6zo ,898 5, , ,333 67, , ,133 io ,209 3, , ,513 44, , , * over 15 5,730 5, , ,124 94, , , Ihchinery , , <10 MT T -Th l ,530 4, , ,264 59, , , ,579 1,579 75,902 55,194 26, , , & over 9 5,351 5, , ,636 66, , , Electrical machinery , , , <10 '-T 15" ,558 2, ,841 77,676 36, , , ,648 2, ,387 96,251 39, , , over 49 42,565 42,565 2,616,594 1,401, ,011 4,736,735 6,810, Transport equipment , , ,735,221 4,732,677 <10 -n -i:w -A - - -, r ,685 2, , ,843 34, , , ,487 1,487 99,002 30,956 30, , , over 12 9,458 9, , , ,158 3,313,463 4,140, Metal furniture /c , , ,886 29,725 8,045 27,925 44, & over ,472 57,435 1,847 11,998 11, Other induetriee <10 m -w ,897 1,860 58,568 59,215 23,213 86, , ,468 1,468 37,108 25,901 19,329 65,743 95, & over 5 1,194 1,193 99,800 6,706 23, , ,848 All Iadustries ,206, , U TT1 ~ -T. '7,8Y 34- W U5zn ,072 69,797 67,515 3,839,265 2,714, ,396 11,634,223 14,309, ,116 45,662 3,092,391 2,338, ,295 7,295,653 8,534, & over , ,978 20,274,919 14,844,702 5,081,863 39,813,081 56,599,835 /a Coubned with 352, 7 Combined with 363. c Combined with 385. Source: II80, Censue of establiabmants, Manufacturing Establiebments, 1983,

76 Table 5.3 : CONCENTRATION OF LARGE /a MANUFACTURING ACTIVITY IN METRO MANILA, 1983 Percent Percent Percent SIC estab- employ- value Percent code Sector lishments ment added output 311/312 Food Beverages Tobacco Textiles Wearing apparel Leather products Footwear Wood and cork Furniture Paper Printing Industrial chemicals Other chemicals Petroleum refineries n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 354 Oil and coal products Rubber Plastics Pottery, china, earthenware Glass Cement n.a. n.a, n.a. n.a. 369 Other nonmetallic minerals Iron and steel Nonferrous metal Fabricated metals Machinery Electrical machinery Transport equipment All Industries: Employment Size All Industries /a Covers all establishments with employment of ten persons and over. Source: NCSO, Census of Establishments, Large Manufacturing, 1978.

77 Table 5.4 CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE IN MANUFACTURING, House- Household/ Total hold/ Total unorga- manufac- unorga- manufacnized Factory turing nized Factory turing Year --- (in thousands) (in percent) , , , , , ,012 1, , , , , , , , n.a. n.a. 1, n.a. n,a. 1, n.a. noa. 1,939 GROWTH RATES (percent per year) Total Factory e05 Memo item: Labor force Notes: (1) Total Employment: Up to 1970, data are from October survey data are from third-quarter survey. (2) Factory Employment: Up to 1976 the surveys cover establishments employing at least five workers. After 1970, the data are for establishments employing at least ten workers. Sources: (1) Total employment: NCSO Integrated Surveys of Households. (2) Factory employment: Annual Surveys of Establishments and Census of Establishments.

78 Table 5.5: RATIO OF SALES OF TOP 1,000 FIRMS TO GROSS OUTPUT BY MANUFACTURING SECTOR, Ratio of sales of top 1,000 firms to Number of firms gross output (percent) in top 1,000 Total number of establishments PSIC Z /d 1970/d 1976/e 1980/.e 311/12 Food ,969 3,093 27,688 29, Beverages ,139 1, Tobacco Textiles ,514 4, Wearing apparel except footwear 16/a 27/a ,432 2,676 28,027 28, Leather and leather products Footwear /a /a , *wood, wood and cork products , Furniture and fixtures ,713 3, Paper and paper products Printing, publishing and allied industries ,288 1, Industrial chemicals Other chemical products Petroleum refineries Products of petroleum and coal Rubber products Plastic products, n.e.s Potterv, china and earthenware Glass and glass products Cement , Other nonmetallic mineral products , Iron and steel, basic industries steel 67/b 71/b 83/c 58 54/b 30/b 52/c Nonferrous metal basic industries Fabricated metal products - - /c /c ,411 4, Machinery except electrical /b /b /b lb , Electrical machinery, apparatus, etc Transport equipment Professional and scientific measuring equipment Furniture and fixtures primarily of metal Otber manufacturing industries ,210 1,361 /a Footwear is included with wearing apparel. 71F Machinery except electrical is included with iron and steel basic industries. 77 Fabricated metal products is included with iron and steel basic industries. 7-T Covers establishments with at least 5 workers. _e Covers establishments with at least I worker. Note: In many cases the sales figures of the top 1,000 firms will not cover the same products as the output figures of all establishments. Source: F. Alburo and G. Shepherd, "Trade Liberalization: The Philipine Experience," World Bank: Country Policy Department, 1986 (unpublished Statistical Appendix) compiled from SEC-Business Day, Top 1,000 Corporations, 1968, 1970, 1976 and 1980 editions; NCSO, Annual Survey of Manufactures, 1968 and 1970 and Annual Survey of Establishments: Manufacturing, 1976 and 1980.

79 Tabl*6 6.1 GR.OMn RTES 0? PR000CTOII. ALL. KAIWACTIURIM BY 180D Industry code lood I" BrIar Beverage Tobacco Tenth S J Wearing * toeather S ~ Vootsear Wood prod F 4 1 seed S S leper prod t Print & pebtlobl t todus. Chum S t Otbe" Cb : Petroleum Robber prod L02. Plastic prod ? t Roe-met, prod t " Glass prod C Iron steel Uan-forrouo Wabr. metal Notbinery t niet. inchk Transport eq L All MM SOretBooby (1985) ( Mmw Estimate,)

80 Tabl*6.Z±' FIXED CAPITAL ANNUAL GROWTHN RATE OF CAPITAL ImNPT, ay IDUSTRtY, ludustry Co"t I roow Stoat S S lverage Tbobaco Textile Wearing ? Leather S Footusar " Wood prod S F 8 P wood Peper prod ' PrInat 8 publish Zudus. c1on Other Chem Fetroleim ' Rubber prod Plestlc prod Non-met, prod. 36t Glees prod ).' a, Steel u ' no,n-ferrous n ?ebr. metals t llacldneqy O Elsec. webh Transport eq nI L All twc soure:z itooley (1985) ( New stitmates)

81 Ta&bl*6.3: intk8nedate ism13, ALL laeacutaurling, 8Y T81)ISTR Inusttry CO"a O Food suaer Sewerage O.' Tobacco ' Textile C ( Mefarin Leather ' Footwear Wood prod t O I 8 F vwoo Paper prod n.609 0D Print & publish mine. ChaW t O.t23 Other chin Petrolemn c0 Rubbmer prod Plastic prod L S too-mt. prod Glass prod '0.060 Iron 8 steel ' Moo-ferrous Pabr. metals ) Machloery glee. "ach Transport eq t ' ' Al1 MPG source: sooley C 1985) (1981-8s. Naw Estimates)

82 Table 6.4: ROMwr RATES OF LABOR IqpuT I runustiy Industry code Food Sugar t sewerag t Tobacco Textile t Wtearing MU1Z 0.t Leather L Footwear VOod prod t M F 6 F wood ) Paper prod U Print & publish Tedus. ebsa t Otber chaen t Petroleum l111 Rubber prod Plastic prod Noo-met, prod Glass prod , ).027 Steal Moo-ferrous C Fabr. metals llsehirery Elav. mach Transport eq O I All NYC Source: Hooley (1985). ( ew Estimates).

83 Tabl.6.5: tiuvoi, AUAL GRCN AT OF CAPtAI tism. RT !. t957-s3 2,dctrp Code fO 1Iff f i IS83 Food O.S S.ger Sli Z serese 3t robecco Textile O.ats Wetug o.1b iletber o Footwear Vhod prod O.-5J t 8 r wood o.m Paper prod t ss frtit 4 pubileb IM". eb S L ? s Otber cbs C fetrolem O.C U rbber prod Plastic prod R " o Son_et. prod O Gl.. prod Steel s O.IC S o S Mabr. etal# M92 -o.l IaeeMoty W6* O Uge. _ch, a M T7aeport eq All W Source: Hoo17 (1985). ( New teafaetee).

84 Tab1.6.6: criutik 34T23S OF ATL F9C0t P8CTIVXTT BY ItoUMSM tu'try code S * 197S S owd a Sevsere Tobaeeo C s Seattle e W Ih.rl* o.w laatbor S Pbotwer " ood pro & 1 wod t Pow prod ?ritt 8 potblleb O.A O.t26 0.1" tbd. cbs J o Otber oh-. 3s Petrolu Rubber pro W Plastic prod Mm-wt. prod a2. prod of rol IS -O.o t O.0B o.ot L4-forraa Fabs. etai Ibchiory nee.. ach o.o t eos9ort eq S TV ML. mtgc IS kmrc:s Rooley (1985) ( Mw UsttImtea)

85 Table 6.7: ALL MANUFACTURING ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, TFP AND SELECTED PARTIAL PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES, (All data in percent) Production per unit of: Labor apital /a ? lntermediate goods TFP kdjustments: Labor hour. & quality a. Hours b. Age/sex c. Education Total adjustments TFP adjusted (TFP less total * adjustments) fa Capital employed. That is, capital stock adjusted for rate of utilization. 3ource: Growth rates for production and inputs from Tables 6.1 through 6.5. Adjustments for hours and labor quality based on data furnished by the Institute of Labor and Manpower Studies and Department of Labor, Yearbook of Labor Statistics. Various years.

86 Table 7.1: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN MINING AND QUARRYING BY REGION, (i0000) At current prices At constant prices Region NCR Metro Manila I Ilocos 1,674,203 2,355,618 4,236, , , ,304 II Cagayan Valley 58, , ,866 12,314 48,458 30,161 III Central Luzon 1,262,826 1,737,332 1,817, , , ,116 IV Southern Tagalog 833, , , , , ,264 V Bicol 392, , ,317 34,423 34,755 23,685 VI Western Visayas 412, , , ,472 61, ,427 VII Central Visayas 1,396,811 2,494,450 2,470, , , ,214 VIII Eastern Visayas 25,302 30, ,597 9,383 5,022 56,329 IX Western Mindanao 105, ,127 90,964 29,886 26,607 12,123 X Northern Mindanao 275, ,399 1,662,266 48,902 35, ,182 XI Southern Mindanao 533, , , , , ,859 XII Central Mindanao 49,263 91,006 61,893 17,470 16,282 5,649 Philippines 7,020,940 9,714,370 13,706,977 1,965,568 1,755,349 1,764,313 Source: NEDA, National Accounts Staff.

87 Table 7.2: GROSS VALUE ADDED EN MANUFACTURING BY REGION, (P'000) At current prices At constant Region prices NCR Metro Manila 44,696,134 64,995,641 72,452,454 13,283,389 12,290,179 11,394,228 I Ilocos 918,818 1,359,400 1,458, , , ,331 II Cagayan Valley 474, , , , , ,577 III Central Luzon 10,993,115 16,287,059 17,262,101 1,997,570 1,872,636 1,751,351 IV Southern Tagalog 19,747,043 27,391,756 29,965,859 4,025,357 3,810,517 3,567,838 V Bicol 374, , ,584 99,325 91,099 87,034 VI Western Visayas 5,979,751 8,722,859 9,212,183 1,805,702 1,644,046 1,507,184 VII Central Visayas 4,269,227 6,248,532 7,045,870 1,291,532 1,207,172 1,116,633 VIII Eastern Visayas 242, , ,313 76,325 70,473 66,122 IX Western Mindanao 407, , , , ,864 96,435 X Northern Mindanao 2,290,898 3,257,117 3,694, , , ,395 XI Southern Mindanao 3,009,175 4,284,293 4,364, , , ,245 XII Central Mindanao 1,767,291 2,600,3V4 2,713, , , ,205 Philippines 95,171, ,251, ,523,313 25,108,487 23,318,640 21,625,578 Memo: Metro Manila (as % of total) Source: NEDA, National Accounts Staff.

88 Table 7-3: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN CONSTRUCTION BY REGION, (P'000) At current prices At constant prices Region NCR Metro Manila 10,413,823 10,717,079 10,976,826 2,688,715 2,048,729 1,750,512 I Ilocos 961,684 1,058, , , , ,239 II Cagayan Valley - 1,708, , , , , ,538 III Central Luzon 3,499,153 3,837,194 3,748, , , ,849 IV Southern Tagalog 4,943,693 5,232,084 4,198,354 1,254, , ,630 V Bicol 1,131, , , , , ,691 VI Western Visayas 1,455,910 1,418, , , , ,456 VII Central Visayas 1,632,124 1,797,188 1,019, , , ,504 VIII Eastern Visayas 851, , , , ,442 74,844 IX Western Mindanao 703, , , , ,985 50,503 X Northern Mindanao 1,357,008 1,580, , , , ,361 XI Southern Mindanao 1,195,813 1,304, , , , ,557 XII Central Mindanao 876,522 1,032, , , , ,290 Philippines 30,729,728 31,208,518 26,690,568 7,688,723 5,865,860 4,247,974 Memo: Metro Manila (as % of total) Source: NEDA, National Accounts Staff,

89 Table 7.4: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER BY REGION, (e 000) At current prices At constant prices Region NCR Metro Manila 2,854,961 3,768,044 4,629, , , ,526 I Ilocos 231, , ,176 50,434 51,414 52,352 II Cagayan Valley 50,124 70,549 87,161 15,335 15,771 16,155 III Central Luzon 484, , , , , ,603 IV Southern Tagalog 312, , ,318 68,420 70,544 71,078 V Bicol 182, , ,112 39,588 41,707 43,495 VI Western Visayas 220, , ,742 45,613 47,914 48,226 VII Central Visayas 244, , ,357 53,989 55,102 57,165 X VIII Eastern Visayas 123, , ,887 22,736 23,572 24,855 IX Western Mindanao 42,258 55,622 73,052 9,634 9,799 10,185 X Northern Mindanao 208, , ,947 46,786 48,605 47,224 XI Southern Mindanao 77, , ,372 16,716 17,878 17,398 XII Central Mindanao 223, , ,743 46,706 48,492 48,466 Philippines 5,256,407 7,064,587 8,699,768 1,192,474 1,219,417 1,242,728 Memo: Metro Manila (as % of total) Source: NEDA, National Accounts Staff.

90 Table 7.5: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION AND STORAGE BY REGION, (P000) At current prices At constant prices Region NCR Metro Manila 10,508,695 14,359,480 16,250,444 2,280,746 2,165,510 2,137,013 I Ilocos 1,035,505 1,482,255 1,714, , , ,717 II Cagayan Valley 237, , ,137 45,657 44,960 44,141 III Central Luzon 1,972,425 2,850,405 3,261, , , ,909 IV Southern Tagalog 3,738,765 5,322,805 6,049, , , ,629 V Bicol 574, , , , , ,310 VI Western Visayas 915,185 1,363,760 1,552, , , ,186 VII Central Visayas 2,019,785 2,708>665 3,010, , , ,516 VIII Eastern Visayas 295, , ,406 72,866 63,915 61,067 IX Western Mindanao 841,375 1,079,410 1,205, , , ,906 X Northern Mindanao 477, , , , ,360 99,071 XI Southern Mindanao 1,396,875 1,991,365 2,228, , , ,165 XII Central Mindanao 364, , ,447 76,575 72,815 71,371 Philippines 24,378,000 33,820,000 38,258,000 5,266,000 5,032,000 4,953,001 Memo: Metro Manila (as % of total) Source: NEDA, National Accounts Staff.

91 Table 7-6: GROSS VALUE ADDED IN TRADE BY REGION, (PO000) At current prices At constant prices Region NCR Metro Manila 17,264,237 26,197,665 31,129,373 3,545,318 3,607,470 3,628,276 I Ilocos 1,850,632 2,785,975 3,321, , , ,856 II Cagayan Valley 1,454,068 2,138,970 2,405, , , ,082 III Central Luzon 6,961,167 10,302,310 12,168,139 1,448,720 1,416,610 1,407,601 IV Southern Tagalog 9,289,492 14,506,590 17,471,018 1,917,336 2,025,180 2,073,465 V Bicol 1,320,839 2,002,265 2,305, , , ,269 VI Western Visayas 6,411,118 9,289,475 10,753,392 1,379,070 1,329,975 1,282,688 1 VII Central Visayas 7,432,031 11,449,160 13,742,378 1,560,160 1,609,020 1,613,366 o VIII Eastern Visayas 839,060 1,248,800 1,397, , , ,962 IX Western Mindanao 1,652,350 2,444,500 2,798, , , ,724 X Northern Mindanao 4,494,392 6,717,545 7,963, , , ,036 XI Southern Mirdanao 5,816,272 8,612,775 10,480,877 1,309,420 1,316,130 1,331,609 XII Central Mindanao 1,308,577 2,014,970 2,432, , , ,617 Philippines 66,094,235 99,711, ,370,000 13,929,896 14,073,000 14,066,001 Memo: Metro Manila (as % of total) Source: NEDA, National Accounts Staff.

92 Table 8.1: FINANCIAL SECTOR: LOANS AND INVESTMENTS OUTSTANDING BY TYPE OF INSTITUTION (In billions of pesos) Commercial banks * * *7 Development banks * Rural banks Savings banks Private nonbank financial institutions Government nonbank financial institutions Total (As percent of total) - Commercial banks Development banks * Rural banks Savings banks Private nonbank financial institutions Government nonbank financial institutions Total Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

93 Table 8.2. TOTAL ASSETS OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM (in billion of pesos) Central Bank Banking System Commercial Banks Private Government Foreign banks Thrift Banks Savings Private devevelopment banks Savings & loan associations Rural Banks Specialized Government Banks Development Bank of the Philippines Land Bank t : Philippine Amanah Bank Nonbank Fniancial Intermediaries Insurance Companies Government /a Private lb Investment Institutions Financing companies Investment companies Investment houses : Trust Oeprations (Fund Nanagers Other Financial Intermediaries Total /a Include Government Service Insurance Systems (OSIS) and Social Security Systems (SSS). /b For 1985 data of end-1984 have been used. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

94 Table 8.3: LOAtS OUTSTANDING OF FINANCIAL IPSTITUTT0.NS QrY MATURITY (million pesos) Kareh 1986 Short- Inter- Long- Short- Inter- Long- Short- Inter- Long- Short- Inter- Long- Short- inter- Long- Short- Inter- Long- Short- Iter Longterm medtate term term mediate term term mediate term term mediate term term mediate term tern mediate term term mediate termo Cowerctal banksjl 60,302 7,747 9,149 63,491 14,976 8,038 67,786 17,778 12,676 77,226 16, ,974 28,226 17,182 58, ,017 17,528 14,124 Savings banks 1,269 1,583 1, , , ,269 1,417 2.n , , Stock savitngs and , loan associations R , , LUP and PAS ,455 2, ,871 2, ,274 2,124 9S0 9R4 2, , PDBs ,069 1, , Investment h.ases 1,162-1,386 1,174-1,305 1,773-1, ,103 2, ,084-2,454 2,257-2,304 Financing companies 4,938-2,323 5,37A - 2,886 5,997-3,005 5,555-2,626 4,747-1,716 3,078-1,162 2,788-1,110 Investment companies , ,5R3-575 Securities dealera/brokers Others 1, , ,356-1,547 3,161-3,413 3,794-5,521 1,937-5,962 1,972-6,090 Total ,658 76,760 17,156 17,286 82,256 20, , ,266 30, , /a Short-term includes those on demand. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

95 Table 8.4: STRUCTURE OF DEPOSITS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS End of Demand Savings Time Total year deposits deposits deposits deposits (Million pesos) ,735 4,670 2,$59 10, ,276 6,865 3,044 15, ,062 8,281 4s ,665 8,951 5,131 20, ,482 11,022 7,558 26, ,045 13,262 11,470 33, ,602 17,314 16,737 43, s397 20,884 23,717 55, ,792 23,047 36,791 72, ,106 27,017 38,406 78, ,991 33,445 48,227 93, ,139 40,940 56, , ,268 47,211 72, , (Dee) 14,753 56,268 71, t018 (% of total) C (Dez) Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

96 Table 8.5: STRUCTURE OF CREDITS OUTSTANDING BY COMMERCIAL BANKS BY MATURITY /a End of Short Intermed- Long year Demand term iate term term Total -- - (million pesos) ,490 26,767 4,234 1,682 40, ,163 35,227 5,549 4,139 e,, ,637 37,601 9,389 10,637 68, ,458 49,844 7,747 9,149 77, ,667 52,823 14,577 8,038 86, ,308 58,478 17,778 12,675 98, ,434 66,792 16,858 17, , ,322 62,652 28,226 17, , ,061 50,038 14,668 14,806 87, (% of total) /a Data prior to 1977 not evailable. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

97 Table 8.6: CREDITS OUTSTANDING BY COMMERCIAL BANKS - BY INTEREST RATES /a End of Up to 19 and year 4% 5-7% 8-10% 11-12% 13-14% 15-16% 17-18% above Total (in million of pesos) , ,133 17,339 14, ,777 40, , ,238 22,367 21,552 1, ,326 54, ,083 1,714 7,947 23,879 18,350 9,112 2,119 2,060 68, ,786 3,95$ 9,849 13,739 15,056 21,768 3,977 5,085 77, ,620 2,480 4,512 9,777 17,679 21,042 15,306 12,089 86, ,298 5,093 6,152 10,355 20,102 16,346 19,034 17,859 98, ,321 4,783 4,530 11,835 19,161 12,669 14,349 40, , ,353 2,519 3,304 10,111 21,716 11,391 13,453 49, , ,707 2,893 6,247 6,852 11,794 13,560 11,136 33,384 87, (% of total) /a Data prior to 1977 not available. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines. I

98 Table 8-7: CREDITS OUTSTANDING BY COMMERCIAL BANKS - BY INDUSTRY /a (in millions of pesos) --- Agriculture 5,448 5,770 8,120 12,010 11,120 12,691 14,790 9,478 9,453 Mining 1,578 3,610 5,508 7,334 7,068 9,744 13*145 19,227 9,238 Manufacture 13,126 17,490 22,104 27,053 26,347 29,958 35,410 32,136 21,857 Construction 887 1,556 2,044 2,722 4,050 5,076 5,818 7,119 6,184 Public utilities , ,500 1,596 Trade 11,830 14,156 14,046 11,211 15,561 16,596 14,573 20,265!4,110 Transport 798 1,084 1,746 1,966 2,786 3,408 3,886 4,781 3,711 Financial institutions 2,576 3,300 6,141 7,914 10,620 10,590 12,886 11,580 14,492 Real estate 1,810 2,042 2,620 2,298 3,808 4,150 4,145 4,608 2,633 Services 2,005 4,755 5,171 4,045 4,169 4,949 6,217 4,688 4,299 Total 40,173 54,078 68,264 77,198 86,505 98, , ,382 87, (percent of total) Agriculture Mining Manufacture Construction Public utilities Trade Transport Financial institutions G 16.5 Real estate ' Services Total /a Data prior to 1977 not avalilable. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

99 Table 8.8: LOANS OUTSTANDING OF COMMERCIAL BANKS BY INDUSTRY AND BY MATURITY As of March 31, 1986 (million pesos) Inter- Short- mediate- Long- Total term /a term term Commercial Banks 87, X , ,123.6 Agriculture, fishery & forestry 10,285.6!6;5008 2, ,365.5 Mining & quarrying 9, , ,050.9 Manufacturing 28s , , ,599.5 Electricity, gas & water 1s * *2 2.7 Construction 6, , t ,063.7 Wholesale & retail trade 9, , , Transport, storage & communication 4, , ,462.6 Financing, insurance, real estate 14, , * ,103.0 & business services Community, social & personal services 3t , ,306.2 Savings Banks 2, o5 1, Agriculture, fishery & forestry * ining & quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas & water Construction 248*4 26* Wholesale & retail trade Transport, storage & communication 2.8 0o Financing, insurance, Real estate 1, o & business services Community, social & personal services 133* /a Short-term includes "on demand". Source: Central Bank of the Philippiies.

100 Table 8.9: LOANS GRANTED BY COMMERCIAL MAKS CLASSIPIED SY REGION, (million pesos) Nat'l Year Total Ilocos & Cagayan Central capltal Southern Bicol Western Central Ecetern Western Northern Southern Central Mt. Prov. valley Luzon region Tagalog region Visayas Visayas Visayas Mindanao Nindanao Mlindanao Mindanao ,975 1,131 39: 3, ,243 1, ,115 5, , ,633 2, , ,082 2, ,306 4, ,270 1,575 3, , , ,711 1, ,559 5, ,726 3,226 3,154 1, , , , , Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

101 Table8.10: CREDITS OUTSTANDING BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS /a BY MATURITY AS OF END OF 1985 (Million pesos) Intermediate Short term term Long term % of % of % of Amount total Amount total Amount total Commercial banks 58, , , Savings banks Stock S&L associations 1, LBP and PAB 2, PDBs , Investment houses /b 2, , Financing companies /b 3, , Investment companies7b 1, Security dealers/brokers /b Others /b 1, , Total 71, , , /a Breakdown of data in the case of institutions like DBP, GSIS, SSS and private insurance companies are not available. /b Long-term loans include intermediate term loans. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

102 Table 8.11: DEPOSITS AND DEPOSIT SUBSTITUTES, SHORT VERSUS LONGER-TERM FINANCIAL SAVINGS /a (Million pesos) Short-term savings Deposit Longer-term savings End of Demand substi- Savings Time year deposits tutes Total deposits deposits Total ,291 7,471 12,762 8;587 3,634 12, ,079 12,681 18,760 10,715 5,086 15, ,686 16,248 22,934 14,063 6,820 20, ,501 17,454 24,955 16,134 10,247 26, ,065 18,155 27,220 10,990 14,748 33, ,760 19,363 29,131 24,539 20,676 45, ,550 23,303 31,853 29,952 28,680 58, ,099 23,699 36,798 34,466 42,799 77, ,666 20,763 38,429 40,099 46,634 86, ,376 26,215 30,591 47,610 57, , ,594 25,872 45,466 54,111 67, , ,384 17,734 30,118 41,058 57,339 98, ,162 14,062 29,224 66,696 85, ,480 /a Includes banking institutions and NBQBs. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

103 Table 8.12: CENTRAL BANK OUTSTANDING LOANS TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS THROUGH REDISCOUNTING, (million pesos) Commercial Banks 8,504 4,533 5,121 Specialized Banks 2,578 2,828 2,797 Thrift Banks Rural Banks 4,017 3,570 3,231 Nonbanks Source: Central Bank of the Philipp 4 mes.

104 Table 8.13: MARKET SHARE OF THE TOP SEVEN PRIVATE COMMERCIAL BANKS AS OF DECEMBER 1985 (percentage shares) Bank Assets Deposits Loans Citibank PCIB Metrobank BPI Cocobank FEBTC BA 4* Source: Published statement of conditions; reproduced from the Economic Report (No PH dated November 5, 1986).

105 Table 8.14: EVOLUTION OF REAL INTEREST RATES /a (Annualized Percentage Rates) Real Real deposit lending Inflation Year rate /b rate /c rate /d I It III IV l I /e *5 /a Fourth quarter data for All data are period averages. /b Rate on day time deposits. /c Rate on 1-2 year secured loans. /d Calculated using the CPI. /e January and February averages only. Source: Central Bank and IFS. Reproduced from the Economic Report (No PR, dated November 5, 1986).

106 Table 8.15 TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES TPercent Annualized Rates) June Year-end 3rd qtr Savings deposits Time Deposits days * days days days * days - 1 year Short term (1 yr. & below) (1 yr and above) Long term (above 1 year) (1 year to 2 years) (2 years and below) years Secured Loans 60 days and below days days days - 1 year year and below year and above Long term (above 1 year) year - 2 years years and below * years Manila Reference Rate 60 days days days days Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

107 Table 8.16: SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION OF LOANS GRANTED BY PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANKS: Agricultural Industrial Miscellaneous Total Noe of Amount No. of Amount No. of Amount No. of Aount Year projects (P'O0) projects (P'000) projects (P'000) projects (P-'OOO) , ,053 2, ,859 9, ,178 20,034 1,536, , ,160 2, ,490 11,863 1,265,182 20,493 2,096, , ,200 1, ,149 16,122 3,275,023 23,444 4,046, , , ,076 11,433 1,610,663 15,437 2,298, , , ,397 12,240 2,126,384 15,685 3,356,758 Source: Development Bank.of the Philippines.

108 Table 8.17: SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION OF LOANS GRANTED BY PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANKS, BY REGION: 1985 Agricultural Industrial loans loans Miscellaneous No. of % of % of X of Region PDBs Amount total Amount total Amount total I 4 2, , II III 6 16, , , IV-A 9 235, , , IV-B , , t V , VI 5 5, , , VII 3 59, , * VIII IX X 1-11,800 i.45 1, xi XII ,t171 0*14 2, Total , , l00 2,126, Source: Development Bank of the Philippines.

109 Table 8.18: OUTSTANDING SSS HOLDINGS OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES (in million pesos) Grand Total 2, , ,748.3 Subtotal 1, ,910.O Treasury bills Treasury notes 1, * ,800.0 Subtotal CCP bonds Subtotal CBCI Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

110 Table 8.19: OUTSTANDIN GSIS HOLDINGS OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, (in millions pesos) Grand Total Subtotal Treasury bonds Treasury notes Subtotal CCP DBP Subtotal CBCI Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

111 Table 8.20: SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS (AT COST) OF PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES (Amounts in Million Pesos as of December 31, 1984) Total Percent- Non-life Professional reinsurers Life insurance age of Types of invetments Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total Domestic Foreign Total companies total Bonds , Stocks , Real estate owned Purchase money mortgages Mortgage loans on real estate t Collateral loans Guaranteed loans , , , Policy loans , , , Other loans Short-term investments , , Other investments Fixed deposits Total 1, , , , , Source: Annual Report of the Philtppines Insurance Cosmtssion, 1985.

112 Table 9.1: PRIMARY ENERGY BY SOURCE (in million of barrels of fuel oil equivalent) Indigenous Energy Conventional Oil Coal Hydro Geothermal Nonconventional Bagasse Agroindustrial wastes Other Imported 0.5 Energy Oil Coal Total Energy Source: Ministry of Energy.

113 Table 9.2: PETROLEUM PRODUCT CONSUMPTION ('000 barrels) Avgase Avturbo 2,035 1,992 2,165 2,145 2,320 2,597 2,668 2,605 2,588 3,436 2,658 2,824 2,710 Premium gasoline 4,171 4,177 5,124 5,530 6,102 6,832 6,652 5,866 5,700 5,941 6,206 5,954 5,885 Regular gasoline 12,290 10,436 10,132 9,268 8,791 8,395 7,805 5,299 3,942 3,270 2,971 2,717 2,578 Diesel 12,753 12,216 13,227 14,027 14,836 15,582 16,952 17,428 17,787 18,568 18,879 17,090 15,715 Fuel oil 28,257 26,987 29,829 31,418 35,784 36,838 36,659 37,129 34,385 32,875 33,690 24,390 19,786 Kerosene 3,320 2,878 3,154 3,236 3,393 3,683 3,463 3,179 2,860 2,803 2,569 2,269 2,074 LPG 1,842 1,839 2,08( 2,177 2,407 2,593 2,734 2,411 2,437 2,478 2,533 2,225 2,142 Propylene Asphalts Refinery process gas Solvents Naphtha Lubes 1, i.n , /a Grease Waxes and petroleum Total Products 66,990 62,728 68,592 70,586 76,485 79,373 79, ,374 71,711 71,967 59,159 52,696 Add: Refinery fuel and loss 4,036 3,759 3,C33 3,314 3,639 3,608 3,569 3,283 2,847 2,993 2,853 2,479 2,098 Total Petroleum Consumption 71,026 66,487 72,125 73,900 80,124 82,981 83,540 79,959 75,221 74,704 74,820 61,638 54,794 /a For the period 1985, figure includes data for lubes and grease. Source: Knistry of Energy.

114 Table 9.3: ENERGY INVESTMENT PROGRAM (in millions of pesos) Actual Rev. Preliminary National Power Corporation 4,761 5,859 4,A59 6,623 6,303 8,225 9,410 5,388 Luzon Grid 3,281 4,990 2,971 4,068 4,419 5,579 6,308 3,424 Oil-fired /a Coal-fired , Hydroelectric Geothermal 737 1, Nuclear 1,194 1,969 1,290 1,798 2,716 2,419 4,037 1,723 Transmission ,081 1,238 Visayas Grid Oil-fired 15T4 119 I33 W Coal-fired Geothermal Transmission Mindanao Grid Oil-fired Coal-fired Geothermal , Transmission Other Capital Outlay _ 1, , , National Electrification Admin , Rural electrification /c i4 335F 389 Dendro-thermal Mini-hydro Philippine National Oil Company ,044 1,209 1,250 2,070 1, PNOC Coal Corporation PNOC Energy Development Corporation , PNOC Exploration Corporation Other subsidiaries Total 5,506/ 7,098 6,514 8,2 8, 11,098 12,129 6,789 4,406/e 6,243/e Memorandum Items (Z) Share of public investment Share of GNP /a Purchase of generating plants of the Manila Electric Company. /b Difference between "Capital Expenditure" in financial statements and "Capital Expenditure by Energy Source and Major Project." Includes surveys and investigations, engineering administration and improvement plants. /c Includes small amounts for NEA in-house capital expenditures. /d Principally expenditure on tankers end refineries. /e Excluding purchase of generating plants of Manila Electric Company. Source: June 1985 PIP.

115 Table 9*4: DEPENDENCE OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON IMPORTED ENERGY i(n millions of barrels of oil fuel equivalent) Energy Consumption Petroleum Used for Energy /a From imports From domestic production Coal Used for Energy /b * From imports From domestic production Total Imported Energy (MBOE) Dependence on total imported energy (%) /c /a Excludes nonenergy petroleum consumption which has been about 2.8 million barrels annually. It is assumed that all domestic petroleum production is used for energy. /b One MT coal (at 10,0J0 BTU/lb) is equivalent to 3.53 BOE. /c Ratio of total imported energy to total energy consumption. Sources: Ministry of Energy.

116 Table 9.5: ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY ENTITY (in gigawatt hours) National Power Corporation 12, ,086 15,988 17,413 18,682 18,663 18,706 National Electrification Administration /a n.ae Others /b 1,836 3,619 2,630 2,374 2,006 2t662 2*390 n.a. Total (GWh) 14,694 17,792 18,005 18,583 19,512 21s,446 21,299 n.a. Total (MBOD) n.a. Vs Implicit conversion factor (kwh/boe) n.a. /8 Self-generating cooperatives. /b Private utilities and self-generating industries. Source: Ministry of Energy, NPC and NEA.

117 Table 10.1: CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR THE PHILIPPINES ( ) Weight z 1972 l Indices Food, beverages, tobacco *0 Clothing Rousing & repairs *3 Fuel, light & water Services * miscellaneous *0 48* * All Items * Annual Change (1) fa -Fi, Deverages, tobacco Clothing Housing & repairs Fuel, light & water Services * Miscellaneous All Items /a Percentage change from previous year. Source: National Census and Statistics Office.

118 Tablel10.2: WHOLESALE PRICE INDICES FOR METRO MANILA ( ) Indices Food Beverages and tobacco Crude materials, inedible except fuel * Mineral fuels Chemicals * Manufactured goods * Machinery & transport equipment Miscellaneous manufactured articles * All Items * Annual Change (Z) /a Food Beverages and tobacco Crude materials, inedible except fuel * Mineral fuels Chemicals * * Manufactured goods Machinery & transport equipment Miscellaneous manufactured articles All Items * /a Percentage change from previous year. Source: National Census and Statistics Office.

119 Table 11.1: DIRECT FOREIGN INVESINEWT INFLOWS AND OUTFLOWS, Gross DFI _itf low of prof Its or DPI Equity Reinvested Other long- Setngested Other D@I Net capital earnings term capital Total earnings on DPI outflow Total DPI (0) (26) (26) (12) (0) (31) (31) (26) (0) (27) (27) (0) (57) (57) (7) (0) (57) (57) (14) (0) (67) (67) (8) (0) (66) (66) (9) (0) (63) (63) (16) (0) (52) (52) (32) (0) (122) (122) (18) (0) (73) (73) (18) 1961 (56) (0) (36) (36) (22) 1962 (3) (0) (16) (16) (16) 1963 (3) 0 (25) (28) (0) (17) (17) (46) 1964 (4) (0) (13) (13) (9) 0 (12) (21) (0) (17) (17) (38) 1966 (12) 0 3 (9) (0) (26) (26) (35) 1967 (8) (0) (55) (55) (51) 1968 (5) (0) (79) (79) (0) (47) (47) 82 (4) (0) (24) (24) (5) (0) (26) (26) (26) (12) (12) (0) (33) (33) (68) (0) (60) (60) (5) (&i) (79) (79) (76) (0) (73) (73) (67) (67) (134) (2) (78) (158) (236) (26) (61) (85) (146) (46) (50) 8 (57) (96) (152) (145) (146) (107) (39) (159) (198) (305) (62) (127) (190) (17) (28) 15 (43) (159) (202) (187) (26) (136) (161) (47) (15) (73) (88) (59) Source: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics.

120 Tab1z CB-APPROVEDIReCT FOREIGN EQUITY INVESTMENTS /a BY INVESTOR COUNTRY/FINANCIAL INSTITUTION February 21, 1970 to December 31, 1984 (US$ million) Z to Inwardly X to S of Committed total remitted total Unremitted total United States 1, , Japan Hong Kong * Netherlands * United Kingdom Switxerland Australia Canada France Republic of Nauru Germany, Fed. Rep. of Sweden Panama *92 Austria Singapore Denmark * Luxembourg Malaysia Bahamas Bermuda * Korea, Rep. of Taiwan 6* Spain New Zealand Uruguay 2* India Ireland New Hebrides rx35 0*02 0*01 Saudi Arabia Liberia Belgium Italy Norway British West Indies Bahrain Israel El Salvador Indonesia Liechtenstein Thailand 0, Poland USSR Republic of Honduras Costa Rica Viet Nam United Arab Emirates Argentina Burma Kuwait Agency for International Dev International Finance Corp Scotland Lebanon Total 2.726o a Net of cancellations and adjustments. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

121 Table 11.3; CB-APPROVEDIRECT FOREIGN EQUITY INVESTMENTS a BY YEAR OF APPROVAL AND FORM OF INVESTMENTS February 21, 1970 to December 31, 1984 (US$ million) Unremit- Loans Oil explora- Raw ted dlv- conver- tion, expen- mate- Machin- idends/ ted to ses, techni- rials 6 CoumDtted Cash ery profits equity cal fees, etc. supplies Investments Existing as of March e and prior * * * * * * * * * *19 0*51-0* '0* In-7estments Made After March *36 1, * a ~ ~ * , * * * * * *57 160* * , *68 28* * * Total , /a Net of cancellations ind adjustments. Lb Includes assigned capital in branches of foreign banks. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

122 - III ^ Table 11.4: CB-APPROVE DIRECT FOREIGN EQUITY INVESTMENTS /a BY INDUSTRY February 21, 1970 to December 31, 1984 (Ut$ mtllion) S to Im:srdly 2 to t to Committed total remitted total Unremitted total Banks & Other Financial Instttutions Banks i8i Other financial tnatitutions Manufacturing 1, Chemical 6 chemical products 359, Food 285.tl Basic metal products Textile Transport equipment Petroleum 6 coal N4etal products except machinery 4 transport equipment Rubber Electrical machinery, apparatus, appliances & supplies Paper & paper products Xometallic mineral products 49.R6 33.n Wood, cane & cork Machinery, except electrical machinery Sugar 6.R Tobacco Leather & leather/fur products Prtnting, publishing & allied products Footwear Furniture & fixtures Miscellaneous manufacturing industrtes Mining Petroleum & gas r7eh Copper Iron ore Nickel Cold Others Commerce Wholesale Real estate Retail Others Services Business service Personal service Recreational service Medical & other health services Tour & travel agencies Restaurant & hotel services Others n 0.18 Public Utiltty G Communication Land transport Water transport iS Air transport ?1 Others Agrtculture. Fishery 6 Forestry nS Forestry Agricultural crops Fishery Livestock & poultry Others Construction Transport facilities Infrastructure projects Building Nuclear power facilities Recreational facilities General engineering construction O Others Others Total 2, /a Net of cancellations and adjustments. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

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124 Table 11.6 : NSTA SYSTIM: SUMMARY OF ALLOTNS B (3 million) Y E PBNSE CLASSIFICATION, 1984 Personnel maintenance & operating Capital S dietri- NSTA Agency services expenses outlay Total bution NSTA 9,191 86, , PCARRO 8,652 24, , NRCP ,517 2 PCIfRD 2,194 5, ,363 2 PCBRD 2,671 4, ,975 3 PAIC 9,731 8, ,087 6 FNRI 5,752 2, ,3)2 3 FPRDI 6,952 4,125 2,014 13,090 4 NIST 9,398 5, ,100 5 PHIVOLCS 2,592 3, ,113 2 PIDI 3,099 2, ,835 2 SPI 3,421 17, ,859 7 NAST 209 3, ,714 1 PSUS 3,093 5,011 1,302 9,411 3 MSRI 2,694 2,306 2,053 7,054 2 PAGASA 26, ,428 50, Total 96j i2g distribution Source: NSTA Annual Report, 1984.

125 Table 11.7 : NSTA SYSTEM: SUMMARY OF ALLOTMENTS BY S & T ACTIVITIES, 1984 (P million) Scientific & Scientific 6 technical Research & technological education & Administration Capital distri- NSTA Agency development services training & other outlay Total bution NSTA 52,821 16,396 19,689 6, , PCARRD 14,777 7,254 5,237 5, , NRCP 4, , ,517 2 PCIERD 5, , ,363 2 PCHRD 5,022 1, ,975 3 PAEC 6,416 6, , ,087 6 NRI 7, , ,302 3 FPRDI 6,416 6, , ,087 6 NIST 8,582 3, , ,101 5 PHIVOLCS 3, ,522/a I PIDI 0 3, , ,835 2 SPI 0 4,874 14,535 1, ,859 7 RAST 0 3, ,714 1 PSUS 0 0 5,158 2,951 1,302 9,411 3 SRI 3, ,252 2,053 7,054 2 PAGASA 4,658 23,545 2,237 14,449 5,428 50, Total , , X distribution /a The total should add up to 6,113,031. Source: NSTA Annual Report, 1984.

126 Table 11*8 : NSTA SYSTEM: SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL ALLOCATIONS By S & T ACTIVITIES, 1984 Scientific Scientific Research A techno- & technical Aduinis- & devel- logical education Z & tration NSTA distri- Agency Below BS/ opment NS/ services distritraining & other Total butlon BS AB MA PhD Total button NSTA PCARRD MacP PCIIRD PCHRD PARC FURI FPIDI NIST _ PHIVOLCS " PIDI SPI NAST O0.L PSHS MSRI PAGASA 104 1, , , , Total 1,099 1, ,307 4, !014 2, , % distribution Source: NSTA Annual Report, 1984.

127 Table UNIT LABOR AND CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY RELATIVE TO BEST PRACTICE-SPINNING (Mean values, coefficient of variation in parentheses) All plants Open- except Pre-1950 (firm 1) end open-end Labor 1o87 0*85 1* * (0030) Capital (0.26) Capital/labor (0.41) Relative factor total productivity * (025) (0*22) l11 0o (0.25) Note: Each of the figures in the upper half of the table shows the unit input in the Philippine plant relative to its best practice counterpart. Source: Pack,, op. cit. Table 5.5.

128 Table 11.10: NATIONAL EXPENDITURES FOR PERFORMANCE OF R&D AS A PER-CENT OF GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP), (At Constant 1972 Prices) R&D expenditures at Percent of R&D to GNP real constant 1972 prices GNP at constant Year ( f million) (P thousand) 1972 prices ,526 62, ,881 79, , , ,632 0* , ,389 0* , , , , , , , , , , , Source: Philippines, National Science and Technology Authority.

129 Table 11.ll: TOTAL R&D PERSONNEL BY SECTOR AND BY CATEGORY, Sector category All Sectors Scientists and engineers 4,957 5,403 7,482 7,884 Technicians 2,237 2,447 3,306 3,500 Supporting personnel 2,900 3,203 6,395 3,608 Subtotal 10,094 11,053 17,183 17,992 Government Scientists and engineers 4,011 4,266 4,886 5,179 Technicians 1,472 1,515 2,292 2,376 Supporting personnel 1,888 2,012 3,870 4,076 Subtotal 7,371 7,793 11,048 11,631 Private Industry Scientists and engineers 946 1, Technicians Supporting personnel 1,012 1,191 1,238 1,209 Subtotal 2,723 3,260 2,368 Higher Education Scientists and } } engineers } no data } no data 1,506 1,507 Technicians } available } available Supporting personnel } Subtotal _ 2_733 Nonprofit Institutions Scientists and } } engineers } no data } no data Technicians } available } available Supporting personnel } } Subtotal - - 1,034 1,116 Source: NSTA Technoeconomic Evaluation Division.

130 Table 1112: R&D EXPENDITURES BY SOURCE OF FUNDS AND BY SECTOR, (P) Sources of funds All Sectors Own fund 366,006, ,497, ,741, ,636,483 Government fund 35,315,174 46,257,658 42,389,066 59,772,943 Foreign fund 63,478,649 68,884,816 31,804,275 41,443,720 Other funds 21,257,568 23,753,758 10,407,666 8,612,881 Subtotal 563,118,306/a 690,414,935/a 528,342, ,466,027 Government O;wn fund 279,417, ,190, ,112,258364,529,011 Government fund 34,425,148 41,041,727 12,432,442 17,048,180 Foreign fund 62,602,432 67,925,270 27,761,225 36,156,423 Other funds 19,893,537 21,639, , ,368 Subtotal 398,581,016/a 470,879,976/a 332,471, ,333,986 Private Industry Own fund 86,589, ,596, ,797,063104,227,155 Government fund 890,026 5,215, ,000 90,000 Foreign fund 876, , Other funds 1,364,031 2,113, ,750 50,000 Subtotal 89,719, , ,802, ,367,155 Higher Education Own fund } 20,310,707 27,189,240 Government fund No breakdown 12,279,622 21,500,400 Foreign fund } 3,073,381 3,612,750 Other funds } 2,198,416 2,938,040 Subtotal 22,438,658 23,523,581 37,862,126 55,240,440 Nonprofit Institutions Own fund } 27,521,090 *8,691,070 Government fund No breakdown 17,123,002 21,134,350 Foreign fund } 969,668 1,674,540 Other funds 1 7,591,928 5,024,460 Subtotal 52,379,000 67,415,200 53,205,688 56,524,420 /a Includes expenditures not classified by source of funds. Source: NSTA Technoeconomic Evaluation Division.

131 Table 11.13: CB-APPROVED DIRECT FOREIGN EQUITY INVESTMENTS /a BY AREA OF PREFERENCE FEBRUARY 21, 1970 TO DECEMBER 31, 1984 Inwardly Committed remitted Unremitted Banks Increased Bank Capitalization Program Expanded Foreign Currency Deposit System Subtotal BOI-Registered Enterprises R.A, Investments Incentives Act R.A Export Incentives Act Omnibus Investment Code 391e Subtotal CB-certified export-oriented companies EPZA-registered enterprises R.A. 5455; others 1, , Total 2, , /a Net of cancellations and adjustments. Source: Central Bank of the Philippines.

132 Table 1114: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BOARD MONITORING REPORT GRAND TOTALS /a Actual Projected foreign foreiqn Projected Actual Projected exchange exchange Actual Projected Actual tax tax employment employment Year savings savings export sales export sales revenues revenues level level ($) (P) , ,608 4,975,902 1,330,484 2,765,701 2,673,329 5,515 16, ,168,975 8,986,001 37,037,214 44,774,427 93,200, ,596,098 44,107 93, ,742,498 13,746,930 95,224, ,736, ,669, ,301,527 62, , ,180,837 24,438, ,589, ,126, ,056, ,584,102 72, , ,641,992 24,639, ,070, ,220, ,452, ,338,048 97,720 1,419,565 s ,491,721 25,183, ,294, ,812, ,004, ,738, ,183 1,431, ,547,564 14,223, ,994, ,064, ,876, ,296,282 93,809 1,501, Total 91,337, ,838,665 2,155,186,407 2,578,064,553 1,2: ;,026,758 2,128,528, ,647 4, /a This report generated on 04/08/86. Source: Technology Transfer Board.

133 Table 11.15: NATIONALITY-WISE CLASSIFICATION OF AGREEMENTS /a Number of agreements by type of company /a Company class Country Total % US Japan UK West Germany Switzerland Fran.^e I Italy Australia Denmark Sweden Korea Bermuda India Belgium Taiwan New Zealand Panama Netherlands Spain Hong Kong Norway Malaysia Sing-tpore Canada Thailand China Austria Bahamas Finland Total /a Type of company refers to percentage equity participation of licensor the codes used as: 1 - )0-100% % 3-50 or less 4 - O Source: Technology Transfer Board.

134 Table 11.16: TYPE OF REGISTERED AGREEMENTS CLASSIFIED AS TO NEW/RENEWAL AS OF JUNE 30, 1986 T_pe of rsoeemen _ Total Type of company /a No. I No. NX NO, e * * *88 Total /a Type of company refers to percentage equity participation of licensor the codes used as: % % 3-50 or less 4-0 Source: Technology Transfer Board.

135 Table 11.17: CLASSIFICATION OF AGREEMENTS BY TYPE OF ASSETS TRANSFERRED AND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN Number of agreements Type of assets US Jap Swit UK Ger Aus Other Total Patents, trademarks, know-how Patents, trademarks Patents, know-how Trademarks, know-how Patents Trademarks Know-how Consultancy Total Source: Technology Transfer Board.

136 Table 11.18: CLASSIFICATION OF AGREEMENTS F.' TYPE OF ASSETS TRANSFERRED Type of company /a Types of assets Total % Patents, trademarks, know-how Patents, trademarks Patents, know-how Trademarks, know-how Patents Trademarks Know-how Purely consultancy Total /a Type of company refers to percentag equity participation of licensor the codes used as: % % 3-50 or less 4-0 Source: Technology Transfer Board.