2009 New York Hybrid Corn Grain Performance Trials

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1 2009 New York Hybrid Corn Grain Performance Trials Plant Breeding and Genetics

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3 Margaret E. Smith Phone: Professor Fax: Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics College of Agriculture & Life Sciences G42 Emerson Hall Ithaca, NY TO: Persons interested in the grain yield performance of corn hybrids in New York This report includes a summary of our 2009 commercial hybrid corn grain trials. It shows results from ten locations in New York, divided into the following three maturity ranges: Base 50 Growing Degree Days Relative Maturity Early GDD Days Medium Early GDD Days Medium GDD Days This report is designed to aid seed company representatives, corn growers, and extension educators in evaluating hybrids for yield capacity, stalk and root strength, and maturity in various regions in New York. It also provides information for developing ratings for the Cornell Guide for Integrated Field Crop Management. While many hybrids included in this report are widely grown, others are new or experimental hybrids. In considering these tables, remember that this data represents only one year. Test results should be considered over several years before final conclusions are valid. Results gathered over several locations are a better guide than results at any one location. We welcome comments or suggestions for improving this report for your use. Sincerely yours, Margaret E. Smith Department Extension Leader For information on entering hybrids in the 2010 trials, please contact Judy Singer at jls10@cornell.edu or or Margaret Smith. 2/2010 PB&G Building Strong and Vibrant New York Communities Cornell Cooperative Extension provides equal program and employment opportunities. NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NYS College of Human Ecology, and NYS College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, Cooperative Extension associations, county governing bodies, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, cooperating.

4 2009 Growing Conditions This felt like the year we had no summer. Temperatures were generally low during the growing season and much of the state was wetter than normal. May, August and November were the redeeming months, with above normal temperatures in most locations (but not high enough to bring the season averages up to normal). Despite the weather, aside from bear damage in Kingston and severe gray leaf spot in Chemung, our plots fared quite well this year. May had enough heat and plenty of moisture to get the corn crop off to a good start. June was cool across the state, and most locations were normal to above normal in precipitation. The North Country was the exception, with rainfall totals in this region a bit below long-term averages. July was cool and distinctly wet except for a few central and south-central NY locations with more typical rainfall totals. August was warmer and a few locations saw lots of rainfall (over 6 inches during August in New Hope and Kingston!) while others were decidedly dry (rainfall was over an inch below normal in Chazy, Sackets Harbor, Pittsford, and Avon). September was a bit cooler and dryer than normal at most sites. As harvest season approached in October, conditions continued to be cool and wet. This slowed grain maturation and dry-down, and thus delayed harvest operations, with snow in mid-october further complicating the situation. November brought some warmer temperatures that finally pushed grain dry-down and harvest along. State average yields were very good (134 bu/acre), however much corn is still standing around the state. Corn hybrids were generally very healthy and tall due to ample rain and timely warmth. However, all the moisture also brought significant disease pressure. In many locations we saw a mix of different leaf diseases. Our Chemung location experienced severe grey leaf spot pressure in early September. Grey leaf spot was also significant in Kingston. Insect pressure from European corn borer was quite limited. Testing Procedures Regional test locations for 2009 are shown on page -iii-. Tests were planted in 1/500 acre plots with three replications per location. All sites except Chazy were machine planted and combine harvested. Plot grain weights and grain moisture percentages were measured electronically on the combine. Grain yields were adjusted to 15.5% moisture for computation and comparison. Yield Moisture Ratio We have included a yield to moisture ratio (Y/M Ratio), which is the grain yield in bu/a divided by the percentage grain moisture. Some breeders use this number as an estimate of hybrid efficiency. Hybrids that show high yields and earlier maturity (lower grain moistures) have higher Y/M ratios. -i-

5 Standability Ratings We have again used two methods for reporting standability, both assessed at the time of grain harvest. The first method is the "hand push" (Stndability) rating system. The stalks are pushed, by hand, and resistance to pushing and breaking is rated on a scale of 1-9. A rating of 9 indicates that stalks have strong resistance against breakage when pushed. Lower ratings indicate less resistance to pushing and more down plants. The second method is based on an actual count of stalks broken (or lodged) below the ear and is expressed as a proportion of the total number of plants in the plot (% Stalk Ldg). Early Vigor, Plant Height, Staygreen, and Gray Leaf Spot and Anthracnose Leaf Blight Ratings At some locations, we collected data on early vigor, plant height, staygreen, and/or leaf disease severity. These data are all based on rating scales. Early vigor was evaluated at knee-high stage or a bit earlier, with 6 = excellent vigor and 0 = very poor vigor. Plant height (Plnt Ht) was assessed after flowering, with 8 = vigorous tall plants and 1 = short plants. Staygreen (Stay Grn) is a measure of how much green leaf area remains on plants in late September or early October; 5 = completely dry plants and 1 = completely green plants. Gray leaf spot (Czm) (caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis) and anthracnose leaf blight (Cg) (caused by Colletotrichum graminicola) each were prevalent at one or more sites, and severity was rated with 5 = completely susceptible (lots of disease on many leaves) and 1 = very resistant (little or no disease). CV, LSD, SD We use three statistics to evaluate the quality of the data from these experiments. The CV (coefficient of variation) is a measure of the amount of uncontrolled variability due to differences in the soil, weather, fertility, etc. Grain yield CVs below 12 are excellent; those under 15 are acceptable. The LSD (least significant difference) is computed at the 5% level of probability. This indicates that if a difference between two hybrids is larger than the listed LSD, then the odds are at least 95 to 5 (or 19 to 1) that there is true varietal difference between the hybrids, or, as the statisticians say, the difference between the two hybrids is "significant." Farmers who need businessmen's odds more than statistical precision may consider a 10 bu/a grain yield difference sufficient to guide a decision in choice of hybrid. The SD (standard deviation) is the measure used to determine whether the differences between two hybrids are large enough, given the precision of that experiment, to be significant and probably due to true differences between the hybrids. NOTE: TABLES IN THIS PUBLICATION SHOULD NOT BE REPRODUCED IF ANY PORTION IS OMITTED OR IF ORDER OF DATA IS CHANGED. The information given herein is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Cornell Cooperative Extension is implied. -ii-

6 2009 Trial Locations iii

7 2009 Cooperators Early Grain Series County Cornell Cooperative Extension Local Contact Cooperator Location Orleans Mike Stanyard Hugh Dudley Albion Clinton CCE Clinton County Mike Davis Chazy St. Lawrence CCE St. Lawrence County Jon Greenwood Madrid Cayuga Brian Aldrich Steve Nemec New Hope Medium Early Grain Series County Cornell Cooperative Extension Local Contact Cooperator Location Orleans Mike Stanyard Hugh Dudley Albion Chemung Janice Degni Dudley French Chemung Cayuga Brian Aldrich Willet Dairy Lansing Cayuga Brian Aldrich Steve Nemec New Hope Jefferson Mike Hunter Ron Robbins Sackets Harbor Medium Grain Series County Cornell Cooperative Extension Local Contact Cooperator Location Livingston Mike Stanyard Stokoe Farms Avon Chemung Janice Degni Dudley French Chemung Ulster CCE-Ulster County Joe Hasbrouck Kingston Monroe Mike Stanyard Mark Greene Pittsford -iv-

8 Participating Companies 2009 Commercial Hybrid Corn Field Trials Company/Brand Contact for Information Address & Phone Albert Lea Seed House Brian White 1414 West Main Street Viking Brand Albert Lea, MN Phone: Fax: Crop Production Service Tom Barber 1140 Sweet Road Dyna-Gro Brand East Aurora, NY Phone: Fax: Doebler's PA Hybrids, Inc Jann Yontz 202 Tiadaghton Avenue Jersey Shore, PA Phone: Fax: Growmark FS Mark Guttendorf 308 N.E. Front Street Milford, DE Phone: Fax: call first Hyland Seeds Ryan Snobelen 1015 North 51 st Street, Suite E rsnobelen@hylandseeds.com Grand Forks, ND Phone: Fax: Long Island Cauliflower Carl Key 139 Marcy Avenue Association, Inc c.key@licassoc.com Riverhead, NY Phone: Fax: Monsanto Diane Freeman 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. DEKALB Brand diane.freeman@monsanto.com St. Louis, MO Phone: Fax: T A Seeds Taylor Doebler III PO Box 300 taylor@taseeds.com Avis, PA Phone: Fax: v-

9 Table Early Maturity Hybrids Trial Summary (New Hope, Albion, Chazy, Madrid) Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity* Ldg Vigor* Ht* Growmark FS 3968VT Hyland HL CVR Cornell EX T A Seeds TA Hyland HL CVR Growmark FS 3989VT Hyland HL R Dekalb DKC40-20(VT3) T A Seeds TA Hyland HL CVR Dekalb DKC38-89(VT3) Doebler's 362GR Growmark FS 4373VT * 3 locations only Mean CV LSD SD

10 Table Early Maturity Hybrids, New Hope, Cayuga County, Central NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht May Nov Hyland HL CVR /50 Hyland HL CVR Growing Rainfall Cornell EX Degree Days (Inches) Growmark FS 3968VT Ave Ave. Growmark FS 3989VT May T A Seeds TA June Dekalb DKC40-20(VT3) July Hyland HL R Aug Hyland HL CVR Sept T A Seeds TA Oct Dekalb DKC38-89(VT3) Growmark FS 4373VT Total Doebler's 362GR % Norm Departure Test Mean CV LSD SD Table Early Maturity Hybrids, Albion, Orleans County, Western NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht May Nov T A Seeds TA /50 Growmark FS 3968VT Growing Rainfall Hyland HL CVR Degree Days (Inches) Hyland HL CVR Ave Ave. Cornell EX May Dekalb DKC38-89(VT3) June Dekalb DKC40-20(VT3) July Hyland HL R Aug Hyland HL CVR Sept T A Seeds TA Oct Growmark FS 3989VT Growmark FS 4373VT Total Doebler's 362GR % Norm Departure Mean CV LSD SD

11 Table Early Maturity Hybrids, Chazy, Clinton County, Northern NY % % Yield Mois Y/M Stalk Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio Ldg May Nov Hyland HL CVR /50 Cornell EX Growing Rainfall T A Seeds TA Degree Days (Inches) Growmark FS 3968VT Ave Ave. Hyland HL CVR May Doebler's 362GR June Dekalb DKC40-20(VT3) July Hyland HL R Aug Growmark FS 3989VT Sept T A Seeds TA Oct Hyland HL CVR Growmark FS 4373VT Total Dekalb DKC38-89(VT3) % Norm Departure Mean CV LSD SD Table Early Maturity Hybrids, Madrid, St. Lawrence County, Northern NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht May Nov Hyland HL CVR /50 Growmark FS 3968VT Growing Rainfall Cornell EX Degree Days (Inches) Growmark FS 3989VT Ave Ave. Hyland HL R May T A Seeds TA June T A Seeds TA July Dekalb DKC38-89(VT3) Aug Hyland HL CVR Sept Hyland HL CVR Oct Dekalb DKC40-20(VT3) Doebler's 362GR Total Growmark FS 4373VT % Norm Departure Mean CV LSD SD

12 Table Medium Early Maturity Hybrids Trial Summary (Sackets Harbor, Albion, Lansing, Chemung, New Hope) Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor* Ht* T A Seeds TA Hyland HL CVR T A Seeds TA Dyna-Gro 54V Growmark FS 4465VT LICA 1889V/RR/BT Dyna-Gro 55V Hyland HL CVR Growmark FS 5099VT Dekalb DKC50-44(VT3) Growmark FS 4861VT Viking Doebler's RPM515HXR Dyna-Gro V3883VT Hyland HL R Growmark FS 5595VT Hyland HL B49R LICA 1900F/RR/HX Growmark FS 5484VT Hyland HL CVR T A Seeds TA LICA 1900FRR/HXT *4 locs only Mean CV LSD SD

13 Table Medium Early Maturity Hybrids, Sackets Harbor, Jefferson County, Northern NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Stay Plnt Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Grn Ht May Nov T A Seeds TA /50 T A Seeds TA Growing Rainfall Growmark FS 4465VT Degree Days (Inches) Hyland HL CVR Ave Ave. Hyland HL CVR May LICA 1889V/RR/BT June Viking July Growmark FS 4861VT Aug Dyna-Gro 55V Sept Dyna-Gro 54V Oct Hyland HL R Dyna-Gro V3883VT Total Doebler's RPM515HXR % Norm Hyland HL B49R Departure Dekalb DKC50-44(VT3) Growmark FS 5099VT Growmark FS 5595VT LICA 1900F/RR/HX Hyland HL CVR T A Seeds TA Growmark FS 5484VT LICA 1900FRR/HXT Mean CV LSD SD

14 Table Medium Early Maturity Hybrids, Albion, Orleans County, Western NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht May Nov T A Seeds TA /50 Dyna-Gro 54V Growing Rainfall T A Seeds TA Degree Days (Inches) Hyland HL CVR Ave Ave. Dyna-Gro 55V May Dekalb DKC50-44(VT3) June Viking July LICA 1889V/RR/BT Aug Hyland HL CVR Sept Growmark FS 5099VT Oct Growmark FS 4465VT Dyna-Gro V3883VT Total Hyland HL R % Norm Hyland HL B49R Departure Growmark FS 5484VT Doebler's RPM515HXR Growmark FS 4861VT T A Seeds TA LICA 1900F/RR/HX Growmark FS 5595VT Hyland HL CVR LICA 1900FRR/HXT Mean CV LSD SD

15 Table Medium Early Maturity Hybrids, Lansing, Cayuga County, Central NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht May Nov Dyna-Gro 54V /50 Growmark FS 4465VT Growing Rainfall T A Seeds TA Degree Days (Inches) T A Seeds TA Ave Ave. Dyna-Gro V3883VT May Hyland HL CVR June Hyland HL CVR July Dyna-Gro 55V Aug Viking Sept Growmark FS 5099VT Oct Growmark FS 5595VT Doebler's RPM515HXR Total LICA 1889V/RR/BT % Norm Growmark FS 4861VT Departure Dekalb DKC50-44(VT3) Hyland HL R Growmark FS 5484VT Hyland HL CVR LICA 1900F/RR/HX Hyland HL B49R T A Seeds TA LICA 1900FRR/HXT Mean CV LSD SD

16 Table Medium Early Maturity Hybrids, Chemung, Chemung County, Southern Tier NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor May Oct Hyland HL CVR /50 T A Seeds TA Growing Rainfall LICA 1889V/RR/BT Degree Days (Inches) Growmark FS 5099VT Ave Ave. Dekalb DKC50-44(VT3) May Doebler's RPM515HXR June T A Seeds TA July Growmark FS 4861VT Aug Dyna-Gro 54V Sept Dyna-Gro V3883VT Oct Dyna-Gro 55V Hyland HL CVR Total Growmark FS 4465VT % Norm LICA 1900F/RR/HX Departure Hyland HL B49R Viking Growmark FS 5484VT LICA 1900FRR/HXT Growmark FS 5595VT Hyland HL CVR Hyland HL R T A Seeds TA Mean CV LSD SD

17 Table Medium Early Maturity Hybrids, New Hope, Cayuga County, Central NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht May Nov Hyland HL CVR /50 Growmark FS 4465VT Growing Rainfall T A Seeds TA Degree Days (Inches) T A Seeds TA Ave Ave. Dyna-Gro 55V May LICA 1889V/RR/BT June Growmark FS 5099VT July Dyna-Gro 54V Aug Dekalb DKC50-44(VT3) Sept Doebler's RPM515HXR Oct Hyland HL CVR Growmark FS 4861VT Total Viking % Norm Hyland HL R Departure Growmark FS 5595VT Hyland HL CVR Dyna-Gro V3883VT Growmark FS 5484VT Hyland HL B49R LICA 1900F/RR/HX T A Seeds TA LICA 1900FRR/HXT Mean CV LSD SD

18 Table Medium Maturity Hybrids Trial Summary (Chemung, Avon, Pittsford, Kingston) Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Stay Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht Cg* Grn* Dyna-Gro V4393VT T A Seeds TA Growmark FS 5484VT Dyna-Gro 55V Growmark FS 5595VT Viking Doebler's 611XY Dyna-Gro 56R LICA 1804F/GT Dekalb DKC61-69(VT3) Hyland HL B T A Seeds TA LICA 1805F/GT T A Seeds TA Growmark FS 6296VT * 2 locations only Mean CV LSD SD

19 Table Medium Maturity Hybrids, Chemung, Chemung County, Southern Tier NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor May Oct Viking /50 Growmark FS 5484VT Growing Rainfall Dyna-Gro V4393VT Degree Days (Inches) T A Seeds TA Ave Ave. Dyna-Gro 55V May LICA 1804F/GT June Growmark FS 5595VT July Dekalb DKC61-69(VT3) Aug Doebler's 611XY Sept T A Seeds TA Oct Dyna-Gro 56R LICA 1805F/GT Total Hyland HL B % Norm T A Seeds TA Departure Growmark FS 6296VT Mean CV LSD SD Table Medium Maturity Hybrids, Avon, Livingston County, Western NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Stay Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht Cg Grn May Nov T A Seeds TA /50 Dyna-Gro 55V Growing Rainfall Dyna-Gro V4393VT Degree Days (Inches) Doebler's 611XY Ave Ave. Growmark FS 5484VT May Growmark FS 5595VT June Viking July Dyna-Gro 56R Aug T A Seeds TA Sept LICA 1804F/GT Oct Hyland HL B Dekalb DKC61-69(VT3) Total T A Seeds TA % Norm LICA 1805F/GT Departure Growmark FS 6296VT Mean CV LSD SD

20 Table Medium Maturity Hybrids, Pittsford, Monroe County, Western NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor May Dec Dyna-Gro V4393VT /50 Dyna-Gro 55V Growing Rainfall T A Seeds TA Degree Days (Inches) Growmark FS 5595VT Ave Ave. Dyna-Gro 56R May Growmark FS 5484VT June Hyland HL B July LICA 1804F/GT Aug Doebler's 611XY Sept Dekalb DKC61-69(VT3) Oct LICA 1805F/GT Viking Total T A Seeds TA % Norm T A Seeds TA Departure Growmark FS 6296VT Mean CV LSD SD Table Medium Maturity Hybrids, Kingston, Ulster County, Hudson Valley NY Yield Mois Y/M abil Stalk Early Plnt Stay Planted: Harvested: Brand Hybrid Bu/A ture Ratio ity Ldg Vigor Ht* Cg* Grn* Czm* May Nov Viking /50 Growmark FS 5484VT Growing Rainfall T A Seeds TA Degree Days (Inches) Dyna-Gro V4393VT Ave Ave. Dyna-Gro 56R May Growmark FS 5595VT June Dyna-Gro 55V July Doebler's 611XY Aug LICA 1804F/GT Sept Hyland HL B Oct Dekalb DKC61-69(VT3) LICA 1805F/GT Total T A Seeds TA % Norm T A Seeds TA Departure Growmark FS 6296VT *2 reps only Mean CV LSD SD