EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 1 of 69 Tolerance Study AAFC15-068T-200 Indaziflam / Lowbush Blueberry

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1 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 1 of 69 Project title: Crop Tolerance of Lowbush Blueberry to Alion Herbicide (indaziflam) Over Two Years. Sprouting and Harvest Years. Final Report Project Lead: Greg O Neill Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Minor Use Pesticide Program Building 57, Central Experimental Farm 960 Carling Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Phone: (613) Fax: (613) greg.oneill@agr.gc.ca Investigator: Jim Jotcham, Marbicon Inc Brooklyn St., Berwick, NS, B0P 1E0 Tel. (902) marbicon@eastlink.ca Introduction Alion Herbicide (indaziflam) is a Group 29 selective preemergence herbicide for season long control of important broadleaf and grass weeds in apples, pears, peaches, nectarines, plums, cherries (sweet/sour), apricots, grapes and tree nuts grown in Eastern Canada and British Columbia. ALION Herbicide provides residual control of susceptible grass and broadleaf weeds when applied preemergence to the soil. Alion Herbicide may only be applied once per calendar year. The mode of action of Alion Herbicide is by inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis (cell wall synthesis) in the meristem. It is a member of the Alkylazine chemical family. The purpose of this study was to test the tolerance to dormant applications of Alion Herbicide in the production of blueberries, with a first application in the sprout year, and a second application in the fruiting year.

2 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 2 of 69 Materials & Methods Trial location: Service Road PIC (Exit 18A, Hwy 104) Mount Thom, Pictou County, Nova Scotia N 45 o W 62 o The nearest weather station was Upper Stewiacke RCS Nova Scotia, about 29.5 km south of site, but it was missing weather data, so information was taken from Debert, about 39 km west of the test site Target Pests: Labelled Weeds. Experimental Pesticide : Alion Herbicide (indaziflam, 200 g a.i./l, Group 29) Manufacturer: Bayer CropScience Canada CAS No: PCP No: Batch/Lot No: NT57EX4205 (container ) Standard: Velpar DF CU Herbicide (hexazinone, 750 g a.i./kg, Group 5) CAS No: PCP No: Batch/Lot No: not available Crop: Seed Source: Planting Date: Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium n/a - established perennial crop n/a - established perennial crop (estimated 40+ years) Method of planting: n/a - established perennial crop Emergence date: Sprouts had emerged by May (see Figure 3) Transplant date: Flowering date: n/a - established perennial crop n/a in sprout year; early-to mid June 2015 in adjacent crop fields Plot size & Experimental design: 9 m 2 plot (3 m x 3 m) RCBD with 4 replicates. See Figure 3 for plot diagram. Row spacing: Plant spacing: n/a - clonal growth n/a - clonal growth

3 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 3 of 69 Soil type: Sandy Loam Soil ph: 5.1 % Organic matter: 9.5 % Soil CEC: Soil Texture: 18.6 meq/100g 56.0 % Sand, 37.4 % Silt, 6.6 % Clay Table 1. Maintenance chemicals/pesticides applied: Date Product PCP # Formulation Rate a.i./ha 30 Apr 12 Mission 418 EC Propiconazole 418 g/l 125 g 7 May 12 Jade Fungicide Propiconazole 250 g/l 125 g 7 Jun 12 Switch 62.5 WG Cyprodinil 37.5% Fludioxonil 25.0% 290 g 194 g 29 Jun 12 Pristine WG Boscalid 25.2% Pyraclostrobin 12.8% 328 g 166 g 26 Jul 12 Concept Insecticide Imidacloprid 75 g/l Deltamethrin 10 g/l 42 g 1.5 kg 26 May 13 Velpar DF Hexazinone 750 g/kg 1.5 kg 29 May 13 Sinbar WDG Terbacil 80% 1.2 kg 30 May 13 Fertilizer n/a n/a 25 Jul 13 Bravo Chlorothalonil 500 g/l 2.7 kg 25 Jul 13 Proline 480 SC Prothioconazole 151 g 480 g/l 2014 NONE 1 n/a n/a n/a 2015 NONE 1 n/a n/a n/a 2016 NONE 1 n/a n/a n/a 1. There were no maintenance chemicals applied in to the trial area. Cultural practices: Mowed in fall 2012 (after cropping) None in 2013 (sprout year) Mowed in fall 2014 (after cropping) None in 2015 (sprout year) Mowed in fall 2016 (after cropping) Inoculation: Irrigation: n/a - a tolerance trial only None applied.

4 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 4 of 69 Table 2. Application Data Date TRT # Treatment 1 (rate of product/ha) Rate product per ha Application Type Volume UTC N/A N/A N/A Alion 375 ml broadcast 400 L/ha Alion 750 ml broadcast 400 L/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg 2 broadcast 350 L/ha UTC N/A N/A N/A Alion 375 ml broadcast 400 L/ha Alion 750 ml broadcast 400 L/ha Velpar DF 1.3 kg 2 broadcast 350 L/ha 1. No adjuvants were added to the spray mixes. 2. Velpar DF: 2.22 kg/ha is within the label range for the sprouting year. 1.3 kg/ha is the label rate for the cropping year Application equipment (2015 and 2016): Backpack CO2 sprayer, 3-m boom (6 50 cm spacing). TeeJet flat fan nozzles with a 50-mesh strainer. Boom held at approximately 50 cm from the ground during application in Boom held at approximately 50 cm from the canopy during application in Spray record: Application #: 1 Date: May , 12:05 pm - 1:00 pm Crop growth stage: dormant Soil moisture: moist Air Temp: 16 o C Soil Temp: 5 o C Relative humidity: 30 % Wind speed/direction: 4.9 kph SW Cloud Cover %: none 1 st rainfall after trt.: 0.3 mm, May 16 Crop stress: none Crop height: 0.0 m Dew: none Carrier ph: 7 Product placement: broadcast Pest (type & population): n/a Average plants/ha: n/a - clonal growth

5 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 5 of 69 Application #: 2 Date: April , 7:30 pm - 8:00 pm Crop growth stage: prior to bud break Soil moisture: dry Air Temp: 11.0 o C Soil Temp: 10 o C Relative humidity: 51 % Wind speed/direction: kph N Cloud Cover 5 %: 1 st rainfall after trt.: 8.1 mm, April 23* Crop stress: None Crop height: cm Dew: None Carrier ph: 6.5 Product placement: broadcast Pest (type & population): n/a Average plants/ha: n/a - clonal growth * 0.8 mm rainfall recorded for April may have been on the same day; time unknown.

6 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 6 of 69 Figure 1. Plot Map: (to access road) North Velpar UTC UTC Alion 375 ml Alion 375 ml Alion 750 ml Alion 750 ml Velpar Alion 750 ml Alion 375 ml Velpar Alion 750 ml UTC Velpar Alion 375 ml UTC Plot design (above) showing 4 treatments in a random block design. Each plot was 3 m x 3 m ( ha). There was a 0.5m untreated buffer between plot rows, to avoid start/end effects. In addition, all sampling was restricted to the centre of the plot to avoid side edge effects and/or drift contamination. Spraying was done from the NE to the SW (moving away from the road). Plot corners were marked with wire flags and/or wood survey stakes.

7 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 7 of 69 Figure 2. General photograph of the research site looking southeast. May 14, Snow was still present near the plots on the date of application. Figure 3. Crop growth stage on May , 11 days after herbicide application. Shoot buds were just coming up to the surface.

8 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 8 of 69 Table 4. Rainfall records (-7 days + 10 days) for herbicide application 1 (2015). Weather station = Debert (Environment Canada) Latitude 45 o 25 00' N; Longitude 63 o 25 00" W; Elevation 38.1 m Approximately 39 km west of the trial site. Complete daily weather records for April 2015 to September 2015 are in Appendix 1. Day Date Rain mm Comments M Missing rainfall data Application May 12:05pm-1:00pm st rain event M Missing rainfall data (Halifax = 0.2 mm)

9 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 9 of 69 Table 5. Rainfall records (-7 days + 10 days) for application 2 (2016). Weather station = Debert (Environment Canada) Latitude 45 o 25 00' N; Longitude 63 o 25 00" W; Elevation 38.1 m Approximately 39 km west of the trial site. Complete daily weather records for April 2015 to August 2016 are in Appendix 1. Day Date Rain mm Comments Application 2 Halifax Intl A recorded no rain until the afternoon on st rain event Missing (0.0 mm recorded at Halifax Intl A) NOTES: The nearest weather station to the test site, Stewiacke RCS, was missing some weeks of weather data in May and June in 2015, so test site data for both years was collected from Debert, which was the next nearest Environment Canada station. Halifax Intl A is the nearest weather station to record detailed hourly weather, about 79 km south of the test site. Irrigation to test site: None in 2015 or 2016.

10 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 10 of 69 Materials & Methods: Assessments: Although some emergence was seen on May , no assessments were done until the shoots had more completely emerged, on June A field check was done on May 25 and June By mid-june, adjacent crop fields were starting to bloom. The study trial field had visible shoots (Figure 4, below) and the site was thus deemed ready for quantitative assessments on June A transect system to count stem height was employed as per protocol. The first 2016 height assessment was on July Figure 4. Typical shoot emergence on June Twenty-five stems per plot were measured for height, from the south corner of the plot to the north corner, excluding the end points (to remove edge effects). So the 3 m x 3 m plot allowed a central 2.5 m transect from the west to the east corner with a stem height value taken every 10 cm (nearest stem to the point). Stem presence/absence under the point was also recorded to give a measure of stem frequency. With 4 replicate plots, this provided 100 data points per treatment, with both the nearest stem height and the actual stem frequency being recorded. Stem height and frequency data were collected on June 24/2015, July 7/2015, July 23/2015, Jul 5/2016, and July 29/2016. For foliage cover assessment, four random 25-cm square (625 cm 2 ) quadrats per plot were used to estimate the percent cover. The cover assessments were on August and August The assessment in 2016 coincided with the time of crop harvest in adjacent fields. On August , yield samples of all marketable berries were taken from 625- cm 2 square quadrats and weighed (grams). The total area harvested per treatment was one m 2.

11 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 11 of 69 Results: Plots were set up on May 14, 2015 and the first application of treatments in the sprouting year was applied later that same day. Observations made on May 21 revealed that shoots were just breaking through the surface. By June 15, the tallest shoots were approaching 10 cm height, so the first quantitative methods could be initiated. Application in 2016 was somewhat earlier in the year than in 2015 because of a warmer spring. The application in the fruiting year was April 22, Stem height data for 2015 were collected on June 24, July 7, and July data were collected on July 5 and July 29. All raw data are presented in Appendix 2. A summary of the stem height means and associated standard error is presented in Table 6. Initially. the plots treated with Alion at 750 ml/ha were significantly shorter from most of the other treatments at the 0.05 level. By July 2015, there were no significant differences between any treatments and the untreated. There were no significant differences in stem height in Table 6: Summary of stem heights (cm); 100 stems (25 stems in each of 4 plots). Date Parameter Untreated Control Alion 375 ml/ha Alion ml/ha Velpar DF June 24/15 Mean 6.56 b 6.84 b 5.5 a 6.13 ab Year 1 Std. Error July 07/15 Mean Year 1 Std. Error July 23/15 Mean Year 1 Std. Error July 05/16 Mean Year 2 Std. Error July 29/16 Mean Year 2 Std. Error Different letters after the mean indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level, based on Tukey's HSD test. Stem frequency (presence/absence) data for June 24, July 7, and July 23, 2015, plus July 5 and July are summarized in Table 7. All raw data are presented in Appendix 2. The Velpar plots had significantly more stems than the other treatments on June , but otherwise there were no significant differences among treatments on subsequent assessments.

12 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 12 of 69 Table 7: Summary of percent stem frequency; 100 assessments (25 assessments in each of 4 plots). Date Parameter Untreated Control Alion 375 ml/ha Alion ml/ha Velpar DF June 24/15 Mean 0.45 a 0.54 ab 0.44 a 0.65 b Year 1 Std. Error July 07/15 Mean Year 1 Std. Error July 23/15 Mean Year 1 Std. Error July 05/16 Mean Year 2 Std. Error July 29/16 Mean Year 2 Std. Error Different letters after the mean indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level, based on Tukey's HSD test. The first annual stem density assessment (as measured by percent cover, using 4 quadrats per plot with each quadrat measuring 625 cm 2 ) was on August 21, 2015, during the time of crop harvest in adjacent fields. Table 8 summarizes the percent cover results. The 2016 values were taken on August 19. In 2015, the Velpar treatment exhibited significantly greater cover values at the 0.05 level. In 2016, there were no significant differences in percent cover among all treatments. Table 8: Summary of percent cover; 4 quadrats in each of 4 plots per treatment. Date Statistic Untreated Control Alion 375 ml/ha Alion ml/ha Velpar DF August 21/15 Mean 90.31% a 90.31% a 92.81% ab 96.25% b Year 1 Std. Error August 19/16 Mean 94.38% 95.00% 94.69% 94.69% Year 2 Std. Error Different letters after the mean indicate significant differences to any treatment at the 0.05 level using Tukey's HSD test. Yield data (grams fresh weight) were taken from 4 quadrats per plot with each quadrat measuring 625 cm 2 (25 cm x 25 cm)) on August 19, 2016, at the same time as commercial crop harvest in adjacent fields. Only marketable fruit were collected. Table 9 summarizes the yield data. There were no significant differences among any treatments.

13 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 13 of 69 Table 9: Summary of Yield data (grams) for each of 4 quadrats in each of 4 plots per treatment. Date Statistic Untreated Control Alion 375 ml/ha Alion ml/ha Velpar DF August 19/16 Mean Year 2 Std. Error Yield Kg/ha * * 1 g/cm 2 = 100,000 kg/ha Since there were no signs of phytotoxicity (such as deformations or discolouring) on any assessment date during both 2015 and 2016, no tabular data are presented. Discussion This was a two-year study, since lowbush blueberries are managed as a biannual crop, with the standing crop mowed to the ground in the fall after harvest to encourage sprout development in the following year. Fruit then develop on the second year growth, which in this trial, was Herbicides are known to increase shoot height in lowbush blueberries (Eaton, L. J Long-term effects of herbicide and fertilizers on lowbush blueberry growth and production". Can J. Plant Sci. 74: ). Alion at both 375 ml/ha and at 750 ml/ha did not have this effect. The Velpar plots had a higher stem height only on June , and there were no significant height differences subsequently in either 2015 or In both 2015 and 2016, the first application of Alion herbicide was applied to a dormant field, before any shoot development. Subsequent monitoring showed no significant differences in stem height of the Alion-treated lowbush blueberries compared to the untreated at all assessments. There were no other signs of phytotoxicity in response to the any rate of Alion, such as leaf size, shape or colour. There were no significant differences in yield among any treatments and the untreated. Lowbush blueberries are tolerant to sequential Alion herbicide applications when applied once a year during dormancy.

14 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 14 of 69 Appendix 1. Weather data (Environment Canada) Note: Debert (about 39 km to the west) was the closest Environment Canada station with both complete weather data for 2015 and the 30-year mean ( ) posted on the internet. This station was used for the entire trial,

15 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 15 of 69

16 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 16 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip April o C o C o C mm 1-Apr-15 M M M Apr-15 M M M M 3-Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Sum 94.1* Avg 6.0* * * M = missing data The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

17 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 17 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip May o C o C o C mm 1-May May May May May May May-15 M M M M 8-May May May May May May May May May May May May May M 21-May May May May May May May May May May May Sum 76.0* Avg 17.6* 2.9* 10.3* * M = missing data The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

18 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 18 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip June o C o C o C mm 1-Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun M 15-Jun M 16-Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Sum 172.0* Avg * M = missing data The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

19 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 19 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip July o C o C o C mm 1-Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul M 6-Jul M 7-Jul M 8-Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul M 17-Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Sum 66.0* Avg * M = missing data The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

20 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 20 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip August o C o C o C mm 1-Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Sum 85.0 Avg * M = missing data The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

21 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 21 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip September o C o C o C mm 1-Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep Sum 85.7 Avg The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

22 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 22 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip October o C o C o C mm 1-Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct-15 M 5.3 E M M 28-Oct Oct Oct Oct Sum 107.2* Avg 13.7 * 1 7.5* * M = missing data E = estimated The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

23 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 23 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip November o C o C o C mm 1-Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov Nov-15 M 4.3 E M M 30-Nov Sum 127.6* Avg 8.5* * * M = missing data E = estimated The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

24 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 24 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2015 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip December o C o C o C mm 1-Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Sum Avg The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

25 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 25 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip January o C o C o C mm 1-Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan-16 M 10.5 E M M 20-Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Sum 72.1* Avg 0.5* * * M = missing data E = estimated The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

26 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 26 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip February o C o C o C mm 1-Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Feb Sum 86.6 Avg The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

27 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 27 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip March o C o C o C mm 1-Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Sum 94.3 Avg The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

28 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 28 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip April o C o C o C mm 1-Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr-16 M 6.1E M M 28-Apr Apr Apr Sum 65.0* Avg 9.3* * * M = missing data E = estimated The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

29 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 29 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip May o C o C o C mm 1-May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May May-16 M 8.0 E M M 21-May May May May May May May May May May May Sum 70.8* Avg 16.3* * * M = missing data E = estimated The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

30 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 30 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip June o C o C o C mm 1-Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Jun Sum 61.1 Avg The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

31 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 31 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip July o C o C o C mm 1-Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Sum 83.3 Avg The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

32 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 32 of 69 Debert, Nova Scotia Environment Canada 2016 Source: Max Min Mean Total Temp Temp Temp Prcip August o C o C o C mm 1-Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Sum Avg The above information was copied from the Environment Canada web site.

33 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 33 of 69 Appendix 2. ANOVA tables for the data presented in the following pages were produced from Microsoft Excel 2007 data analysis tool. The Tukey procedure was taken from: Steele, R.G.D and J.H. Torrie, Principles and Procedures of Statistics; A Biometrical Approach. 2nd ed. 633 pp.

34 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 34 of 69 Appendix 2-1: Stem height (cm); 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. June Page 1 of 2 UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.38

35 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 35 of 69 Appendix 2-2: Stem height (cm); 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. June Page 2 of 2 Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver. 5.5 Aver S.E S.E. 0.22

36 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 36 of 69 Appendix 2-3: Stem height (cm) ANOVA; 100 data points. June Anova: Single Factor Stem Height (cm) June values from each of 4 plots. SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Tukey UTC b Alion 375 ml/ha b Alion 750 ml/ha a Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha ab ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total Tukey's HSD (0.05 level) MS 7.01 r 100 replicates MS/r 0.07 Sy p 4 treatments error df 396 q

37 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 37 of 69 Appendix 2-4: Stem height (cm); 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 1 of 2 UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.34

38 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 38 of 69 Appendix 2-5: Stem height (cm); 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 2 of 2 Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.36

39 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 39 of 69 Appendix 2-6: Stem height (cm) ANOVA; 100 data points. July Anova: Single Factor Stem Height (cm) July values from each of 4 plots. SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total Calculated F is less than the critical F. There are no significant differences at the 0.05 level.

40 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 40 of 69 Appendix 2-7: Stem height (cm); 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 1 of 2 UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.42

41 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 41 of 69 Appendix 2-8: Stem height (cm); 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 2 of 2 Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.41

42 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 42 of 69 Appendix 2-9: Stem height (cm) ANOVA; 100 data points. July Anova: Single Factor Stem Height (cm) July values from each of 4 plots. SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total Calculated F is less than the critical F. There are no significant differences at the 0.05 level.

43 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 43 of 69 Appendix 2-10: Stem frequency; 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. June Page 1 of 2 UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.05

44 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 44 of 69 Appendix 2-11: Stem frequency; 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. June Page 2 of 2 Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.05

45 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 45 of 69 Appendix 2-12: Stem frequency ANOVA; 100 data points. June Anova: Single Factor Stem Frequency June values from each of 4 plots. SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Tukey UTC a Alion 375 ml/ha ab Alion 750 ml/ha a Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha b ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total Tukey's HSD (0.05 level) MS 0.24 r 100 replicates MS/r 0.00 Sy p 4 treatments error df 396 q

46 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 46 of 69 Appendix 2-13: Stem frequency; 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 1 of 2 UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.04

47 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 47 of 69 Appendix 2-14: Stem frequency; 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 2 of 2 Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.04

48 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 48 of 69 Appendix 2-15: Stem frequency ANOVA; 100 data points. July Anova: Single Factor Stem Frequency July values from each of 4 plots. SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total Calculated F is less than the critical F. There are no significant differences at the 0.05 level.

49 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 49 of 69 Appendix 2-16: Stem frequency; 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 1 of 2 UTC Alion 375 ml/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.02

50 EFFICACY/CROP TOLERANCE PERFORMANCE FORM Page 50 of 69 Appendix 2-17: Stem frequency; 4 plots per treatment, with 25 stems per plot. July Page 2 of 2 Alion 750 ml/ha Velpar DF 2.22 kg/ha Plot Means Std. Error Aver Aver S.E S.E. 0.02