PLS Upgrade Project (PLS-II)Status

Transcription

1 PLS Upgrade Project (PLS-II)Status Sang Hoon Nam On behalf of PLS-II Project Staffs Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECH March 11, 2010 RRCAT, Indore, India 1

2 Fast Present Future PAL: Chronology I. PLS Project started Apr Ground-breaking Apr GeV Linac commissioning June Storage ring commissioning Dec User s service started Sept st PLS Upgrade Complete Nov Energy ramping to 2.5 GeV Sept GeV injection Nov II. 2 nd Major Upgrade of the PLS (PLS-II) 3.0 GeV PLS-II Upgrade begin Jan GeV PLS-II Upgrade Complete Dec III. PAL XFEL Proposal 10GeV Linac Based 0.1 nm x-ray FEL Proposal

3 PAL: Future Site Exhibition Hall Pohang Light Source PAL XFEL Guest House 3

4 2.5 GeV Linac Injector LINAC - Length = 160m - 2.5GeV, full energy injection - 2,856 MHz (S-band) - 10Hz, 1.5 ns, 1A pulsed beam - Norm. emittance 150umrad Gallery - Thermionic Electron Gun - 12 Pulse Modulators (200MW, 4us) - 12 Klystrons (80 MW) - 11 Energy Doublers (g=1.6) - 44 Accelerating Sections Tunnel 4

5 PLS Storage Ring Beam Energy 2.5GeV Beam Current 200mA Lattice TBA Superperiods 12 Circumference 280 m Emittance 18.9 nm-rad Tune / 8.18 RF Frequency 500 MHz Energy spread 8.5 x 10-4 PLS Orbit Requirements Beam Size <1% x-y coupling> Orbit Stability Bending Magnet Insertion Devices Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Vertical 230 μm 24 μm 23 μm 2.4 μm 455 μm 35 μm 45 μm 3.5 μm 5

6 Beamline Experimental Hall 27 beamlines in Operation 3 under construction 6

7 PLS-II: Justification PLS-II Justification The PLS was built the first in Korea, and the fifth in the world. Since the PLS operation, the number of users and publications increased remarkably (>20%/ yr increase from 2000), and contributed in the improvement of Korean as well as world science and technology. So far, the PLS and user community maintain world competiveness. Currently, more than 30 third generation light sources are in operation, construction, or plan. Highly competitive. To keep the competitiveness and lead this scientific community, the beam quality and number of IDs of the PLS need to be upgraded. Thus, the PLS-II is planned. 7

8 PLS User Statistics Experiment No. of Users 1,957 2,138 2, ,197 1,3211, '06 '07 8

9 Publication Statistics 국내 National 국외 International Total 계 '95 년 '96 년 '97 년 '98 년 '99 년 '00 년 '01 년 '02 년 '03 년 '04 년 '05 년 '06 년 '07 년 * 07 publication statistics are still under collection. 9

10 AVERAGE SCI IMPACT FACTOR OF PUBLICATIONS '96 년 '97 년 '98 년 '99 년 '00 년 '01 년 '02 년 '03 년 '04 년 '05 년 '06 년 '07 년 0 10

11 Science in PAL How viagra works in human body Nature (4 September 2003) Left-handed meets right-handed DNA Nature (20 October 2005)

12 PLS-II Project Summary Project Period: 3 years ( ) Total Budget: US 100 M$ Yearly Budget: in US M$ (1U$ = 1000 Won) Item Year Total Storage Ring Linac Beamline Utility Total Requested Approved

13 Parameter Comparison Parameter PLS PLS-II Beam Energy (GeV) Beam emittance (nm) Beam Current (ma) IDs Tune (H/V) / / 9.17 Natural chromaticity (H/ V) / / Harmonic Number RF Frequency (MHz) RF voltage (MV) Lattice TBA DBA Operation Decay Top-Up Brightness ~ ~10 20

14 PLS-II Milestones Linac Milestones Energy Upgrade 2.5 GeV 3.0 GeV Improve Energy Stability 0.5% < 0.2% Remark Add 1 more klystron and modulator module Increase acceleration gradient Improve stability and performance of the linac (Gun, SLED, K&M, FB, etc.) Storage Ring Beamlines & ID Top-Up Operation Increase Stored Current 200 ma 400 ma Reduce Beam Emittance 18nm rad 5nm rad RF Power Upgrade up to 800kW (663 kw by beam) Change SR Lattice to DBA for more IDs 10 EA 20 EA Beam Stability < 1.7 um Ground Movement Compensation: Max. +/- 50 mm Low septum leakage field and Kicker balance Injection efficiency (>80%) Event timing Imcrease RF power and care for thermal load Straight sections with dispersion. Tight RF low level congtrol requirement. Compensate for increased radiation losses due to increased energy, current, and ID numbers Superconducting RF cavity Utilize combined-function dipoles High precision Magnet Power Supply (MPS) Screw Jack Girder System for Acc and BL components. Measure ground movement with HLS (Hydrostatic Level System) Demo Remote Experiment 3C2 (XRD), 4A (MX Wriggler), 4B (VUV?) DCM and IVU Development To provide quick ID BL construction and compensate budget shortage 14

15 Linear lattice (Twiss one cell lattice) 6.86 m 3.1 m 6.86 m Bend Quadrupole Sextupole

16 Linac & BTL

17 PLS-II Linac Energy Increase: 2.5 to 3.0 GeV Add 1 module of klystron and modulator units. Increase accelerating gradient Add 4 more high gradient accelerating columns Top-Up Injection Improve reliability Reduce MTBF Improve energy stability and spread 17

18 Performance Upgrade Goal of the PLS-II Linac PLS PLS-II Energy 2.5 GeV 3 GeV Repetition Rate 10 Hz Hz Energy Stability 0.5% rms 0.1% rms Energy Spread 0.6% rms < 0.2% rms Emittance (normalized, rms) 150 mm mrad < 20 mm mrad Gun Pulse Length 1.5 ns FWHM ~0.3 ns FWHM Klystron Power (Operating Levels) MW MW SLED Gain Diagnostics BCMs, BASs, BPRMs + BPMs, Slits, Wire Scanners 18

19 PLS-II Gun: Comparison of Gun Systems Number of Guns PLS Single Gun PLS-II Single Gun with fast replacement Beam Energy 80 kev 80 kev Beam Current 1 A peak 1 A peak Pulse Length 1.5 ns FWHM < 1 ns FWHM or us HVPS Type DC DC Beam Transmission 80% 60%

20 MW System: Current 2.5 GeV Linac Schematic of 2.5 GeV PLS Linac Microwave System klystron&modulator systems 2. MK01&12: two accelerating columns 3. MK2 to MK11: four accelerating columns 4. The klystron drive uses main drive line. 5. Klystron Out Power: MW (~19 MV/m) Timing System 5 V 15 V 1 W CW 2 W Pre-amp. 1 mw CW with PSK 2,856 MHz Master Osc dbm CW 4.1 μs 0 o 180 o SSA 800 W Peak 1.1 s μ RF Phase State 26.5 db K1 120 kw W/G - Coaxial Cross Coupler Main Drive Line C2 16 db C3 16 db C11 10 db C12 10 db IPA IPA IPA IPA Load K2 K3 K11 K12 20 db 10 db Attenuator S2 S3 S11 S12 Phase Shifter 3-dB Power Divider 3-dB Power Divider 3-dB PD G P.B BUN. A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A43 A44 20

21 Linac MW Layout (2.5GeV 3.0GeV Energy Upgrade) MK1 1(set) MK2 - MK11 10(set) MK12 MK13 2(set) Klystron output power 60 MW 75 MW (PLS:50-60 MW) 75 MW Model SLAC5045 Toshiba E3712 Number of A/C Type of A/C IHEP Commercial Av. energy gain of SLED NA ~1.6 Gradient of A/C 23.1 MV/m (PLS:19 MV/m) 32.7 MV/m K1 75 MW 75 MW K2 K11 K12 75 MW K13 S2 S6 S18 E = GeV IHEP 23.1 MV/m, MeV/module IHEP 32.7 MV/m, 196 MeV/module Commercial 21

22 Compact Klystron-Modulator

23 Waveguide Windows and SLEDs in the Gallery

24 Linac/BTL Beam Instrumentation of the PLS Instrument Linac No. BTL(BAS) Operation Remark BCM 7 5(1) O OK BPRM 4 5(1) O OK BLM O Need controller BPM 13 13(1) Linac pickup install(~2009.8) BTL pickup ok Need DAQ Operation Beam Charge Monitor YAG screen monitor Gallery environment 1(1) ICT install Need DAQ 1(1) screen Need Controller 1 operation SLED, gallery, driver line Beam slit 1(1) X Need controller/monitor

25 Preparation Status of the PLS Top-Up Operation

26 Things To Be Done for Achieving Top-Up Operation at the PLS 1. Achieve High Enough Availabilities of Accelerator Systems Especially for Injection System 2. Maintain Low Radiation Doses in Experimental Area Improve the Injection Efficiency Reduce the Energy Spread of Linac Beam - Shorten Electron Gun Pulse Length - Utilize Slit for Energy-Tail Cut Improve Linac Energy Stability - Implement Energy Feedback Reduce the Timing Jitter of Linac Beam - Synchronize SR-Linac RFs Suppress Injection Transients Reinforce Radiation Shielding If Necessary 3. Clear Radiation Safety Procedures Perform Machine Studies for Injection with Shutters Open Implement Interlocks Prepare the FSAR for acquiring the OL (Operating License)

27 Energy Stability Improvement (+/- 0.15%) with Feedback 27

28 PLS Top-Up Development Status in /M Milestone Target Achievement 1. Improve Injection Efficiency > 80% Presently 20 60%, Need to achieve items 2 7 below 2. Shorten Electron Gun Pulse Length ~ 500 ps, FWHM 800 ps FWHM 3. Synchronize SR-Linac RFs Finish in 2009/E To be finished 2009/E 4. Install Energy-tail-cut Slit Energy Spread < 0.2% rms Finished device installations 5. Check Beam Performances Energy Spread & Emittance, Establish Optics model Under progress 6. Implement Energy Feedback Finish in 2009/E Good progreses so far 7. Suppress Injection Transients y < 200 um Needs further studies 8. Provide Gating Pulses to B/Ls Completed 9. Implement to User Runs 2010/B

29 Recent Test of Top-Up Injections in the PLS

30 Storage Ring Challenges and Limitations Double (10 to 20) ID straight sections (Biggest Challenge) Maintain the PLS shielding wall in PLS-II (The PLS was originally optimized for a 2 GeV ring.) Aim all PLS-II beam lines at convenient penetrations through the shielding wall.

31 Issues on Lattice Design / Limitations Overcome Straight section for IDs 3.1 m 6.8 m 6.8 m B B B B B 12 long straight sections 12 long straight sections 12 short straight sections 20 straight sections for ID are available! Usage of present wall Circumference (m) : > Lattice is rotated by 1.5 degree. Injection angle is corrected. HM VB3 SEP VB1 Q18 VB2 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q O HB1 HB2 20 O 31 Q9

32 PLS-II Beam Parameters at Photon Source Number Length or Bending R (m) Long SS Short SS Bending Magnet 9 ID 11 ID 24 [ 1 LSS for Injection, (1 SSS for 2 LSS for SRF] Instruments) β x (m) β y (m) η x (m) σ x x σ y (μm 2 ) 234 x x x 28 32

33 Diagnostics in PLS-II Monitor Qty. Function Electron Beam Position Monitor 96 Beam Position DC Current Transformer 2 Average Beam Current Stripline Electrode 2 Tune, Beam Damping Screen Monitor 1 Beam Position (Commissioning) Scraper 1 Beam Trimming, Dynamic Aperture Photon Photon Beam Position 20+α Frontend Beam Position Monitor Diagnostic Beamline 1B (Visible Light) 1 Beam Size, Bunch Length, Beam Position 8B (White Beam) 1 Beam Profile, Beam Position 33

34 SR vacuum sector layout 1 st vacuum chamber unit was received and under test. All vacuum components (chamber, photon stop, etc) purchase contract will be signed soon! ID1 BM 1 (16 mrad) ID2 BM 2 (16 mrad) Long ID (6 m) Sector-II (7 m) Short ID (2 m) Sector-I (5 m) Straight-1 (2 m) Aluminum alloy chambers One standard cell (1/12) 34

35 PLS-II Magnet Layout (Half Cell) Most magnet purchase are contracted! Quadrupoles (8) Gradient Magnets (2) Sextupoles (12) 35

36 Sector chamber 36

37 Sector chamber: under evaluation machining delivery/inspection moving measurement TE mode test cleaning alignment -> weld -> assembly -> vacuum test 37

38 Design Parameters of PLS-II RF Parameters PLS PLS-II Energy [GeV] Current [ma] Emittance [nm-rad] Circumference [m] Revolution frequency [MHz] Harmonic number No. of Insertion Devices Electron energy loss / turn from dipoles [KeV] and insertion devices [KeV] Beam loss power by synchrotron radiation [kw] RF frequency [MHz] Cavity type NC SC No. of RF cavities 5 3 (2) Accelerating Voltage [MV] (3.3) RF Voltage per cavity [MV] (1.65) Klystron amplifier Five 75 kw amplifiers Three 300 kw amp. Cryogenic Cooling K [w] Baseline design: Three Cryomodules - Two Cryomodules will be installed in the beginning 38

39 Layout of SRF System Compressor ~100 m away from SR He Refrigerator system in RF building (cold box, main dewar) Valve Box SRF Cryomodule Aging Facility #12 Long SS Klystron & HVPS Assembly Room LLRF & RF Control Room #11 Long SS 39

40 Concept of PLS-II Control Machine Operation and Surveillance System High-level Control System Physics Application Support System Data Management Server System Network System Low-level Device Control System for SR and Linac RF System control MPS Control Beam Diagnostic control Vacuum System Control Event Timing System Machine Interlock System 40

41 Control System : Overall Configuration 41

42 PLSII SR Girder System 1 st Unit Received! Design Consideration Girder Elevation: 1,400 mm from the SR tunnel floor Higher natural frequency : >30 Hz (Goal) Allow the active adjustment in vertical direction: ±50 mm (> 25 year coverage) Girder Deformation : < ±30 μm Instruments: HLS, LVDT QM/SM Girder (MMG) DM Girder (DMG) - Screw Jack : 3 set - Stepping Motor : 3 set - Linear Absolute Encoder : 3 set - Total weight : 2.0 ton - Screw Jack : 6 set - Stepping Motor : 3 set - Linear Absolute Encoder : 3 set - Total weight : 3.0 ton 42

43 Fabricated PLS-II Girder Multipole Magnet Girder Dipole Magnet Girder 43

44 PLS-II Beamline One-Body Girder System 44

45 PLS-II ID Selection Priority Six Divisions of User association and proposed ID beamlines XRD & Topography Coherent & nano-beam X-ray scattering High energy High flux materials Science SAXS Micro-beam SAXS Anormalus SAXS Photoemission Nanoscope Middle energy spectroscopy XAFS Time-resolving XAFS Nano-proving XAS Bio-macromolecular Crystallography High Flux nano-crystallography Micro-crystallography Biomedical Imaging Medical Imaging Nanoscopy 45

46 List of PLS-II ID Beamlines (Tentative) Beamline Energy range PLS ID (PLS-II) 1 2A Magnetic Spectroscopy 0.1~1.5 kev 2 m EPU 4 m EPU In operation 2 3A Angle Resolved PES 0.03 ~ 1 kev 2 m PU 4 m EPU In operation 3 4A Protein Crystallography 5 ~ 17 kev 2m MPW 1.4 m In-vac. In operation 4 5A High flux Mat. Science 5 ~ 20 kev 2m MPW MPW In operation 5 8A Nano PES 0.06 ~ 1.5 kev 4.5 m PU 4 m Plane U In operation 6 11A Resonant Scattering 4 ~ 13 kev 1 m Rev. 1 m Revolver In operation 2 In-vac. 1 MPW 3 Undulator 7 9A U-SAXS 5 ~ 20 kev 2m In-vac. 2m In-vac. Constructing 3 In-vac. 8 10A XAFS 5 ~ 50 kev 2m MPW MPW Constructing 2 MPW 3 Undulator 9 Nanoscope 0.1~1.5 kev 4m EPU granted 3 In-vac. 10 Medical Imaging 5~50 kev MPW granted 3 MPW 4 Undulator 11 Microbeam-SAXS 5 ~ 20 kev 4C2 (BM) 1.4 m In-vac. PLS-II-1st BM ID 12 High Flux nano MX 4 ~ 14 kev 6B(BM) 1.4m In-vac. PLS-II-1st 13 Cohe. & Nano scatt. 5 ~ 20 kev 10C1 (BM) 1.4 m In-vac. PLS-II-1st 14 Nano-probe XAS (XAFS) 5 ~ 15 kev 3C1(BM) 1.4 m In-vac. PLS-II-2nd 15 A-SAXS 5 ~ 20 kev 4C1(BM) 1.4 m In-vac. PLS-II-2nd 16 Medical Nanoscopy 4 ~13 kev 1B2(BM) 1.4 m In-vac. PLS-II-2nd 9 In-vac. 3 MPW 4 Undulator 17 Time-Res. EXAFS 5 ~ 20 kev? PLS-II-1st 10 In-vac. 18 High Energy Scattering 5 ~ 50 kev? PLS-II-2nd 3MPW 19 Middle Energy Spectroscopy 0.5 ~ 3 kev 4 m EPU PLS-II-2nd 5 Undulator 2? 20 Micro MX 6 ~ 18 kev 1.4 m In-vac. PLS-II-2nd 46

47 Block Beamtime Surveyed and Allocated (as of Feb. 5, 2010) Field Total Requested [day] Experiment Area Requested [day] IHEP (BSRF, Ch) PF (Jp) SSRF (Ch) NSRL (Ch) Resemblance Beamlines Available (day) Available (day) Resemblance Beamlines Available (day) Available (day) XRD 210 1W1A 5 50 BL14B Coherent 35 XRD & Topography days μ-xrd 30 BL-4B1 will not be used. HRPD 54 LIGA 70 3B1 7 SAXS 210 SWAXS 140 GI-SAXS 70 1W2A 5 8 days 16B1 10 XAFS 210 EXAFS 210 1W1B BL14W XPS Photo emission MCD B7 ARPES 70 SPEM 35 Bio-macromolecular Crystallography 210 PX 210 1W2B 8 25 BL17U1 5 Biomedical Imaging 140 Microscopy 70 4W1A 5 10 BL10W1 10 Nanoscopy Receiving more from other facilities such as Spring-8 47

48 PLS-II Major Milestone 48

49 PLS-II Project Major Milestone 1. Parameter Handbook Published and Distributed: TDR Complete: Cell Demonstration Complete: SR Building / RF Room Construction Complete: Component Storage and Installation Building Construction Complete: Components Ready : Dismantle Start: , Dismantle End: Installation Start: , Installation End: Integration Machine Study: Commission Start: Linac Installation Start : , Installation End: Linac commission Start: , Commission End:

50 PLS-II: Major Progress Project Progress 1 st Yr 09 Plan : 28% 1 st Yr 09 Progress : ~30% Major Research and Development Program Magnet Power Supply Precision Controller Event Timing DCM In-vacuum Undulator Modulator Klystron 50

51 Summary PLS-II has completed its major physics and engineering design and major component purchases. Detail design was reviewed by the PAL IAC on June 6~7, 2009 and TAC from April to Oct MEST advisory team reviewed PLS-II project. CDR, TDR, and parameter handbook had been published and distributed. The project is expected to finish on time and budget. 51

52 PAL XFEL (0.1nm)

53 Characteristics of the FEL Based 4 th Generation Light Source Linac-based FELs Diffraction-limited emittance Full transverse and high temporal coherence High average and peak brilliance Femtosecond pulses 53

54 World Hard X-ray FEL Projects Projects Euro-XFEL LCLS XFEL/SPring8 (SCSS) Wavelength nm nm nm Beam Energy GeV 14.3 GeV 2-8 GeV Main Accelerator Super Conducting S-band Normal C-band Normal Conducting Conducting Accelerator Length 2.1 km 1 km 400 m Gradient x Active Length 23.5 MV/m x 900 m 19 MV/m x 800 m 35 MV/m x 230 m Undulator Period 26 mm 30 mm 18 mm Total undulator Length 133 m 113 m 90 m Total Length 3.4 km 1.6 km 700 m Undulator Lines (X-ray) 3 (5) 1 (5) 1 (3), max 5 Construction Cost 908 M-Euro 615 M$ 37B Yen

55 PAL X-FEL Project Project PXFEL Wavelength 0.1 nm Beam Energy 10 GeV Main Accelerator S-Band Normal Conducting Accelerator Length 550 m Gradient x Active Length 27 MV/m x 390 m Undulator Period 22.3 mm Total undulator Length ~ 100 m Total Length ~ 900 m Undulator Lines (X-ray) 1 (3) Construction Cost 400 M$

56 PAL X-FEL Project Summary Project Period: Total Budget: 4 yr construction + 1yr commissioning ( ) US 400 M$ (1U$ = 1000 Won)

57 PAL X-FEL Electron Beam Parameters Beam energy : GeV Normalized emittance : < 1.1 mm mrad ( GeV) Bunch charge : 1.0 nc and 0.25 nc less Rms bunch length : ~100 fs Bunch current (peak) : 3.4 ka

58 Thank you! 58