Electric propulsion as game changer for CubeSat: mission analysis with LOTOS
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1 Electric propulsion as game changer for CubeSat: mission analysis with LOTOS Space Tech Expo Europe 24 October 2017, Bremen (DE) Francesco Cremaschi, Sven Schäff Astos Solutions GmbH, Stuttgart
2 Outline Astos Solutions and Products State of art Motivation EP for orbit change Orbit change examples Micro satellite Cubesat Space tug example LOTOS Introduction Operational mode Conclusion Credits: AOBA VELOX III Credits: Stadoko Credits: SSTL Credits: Fachhochschule Wiener Neustadt Credits: Aerospace Corporation 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
3 Astos Solutions overview SME with sites in Unterkirnach (DE), Stuttgart (DE), Bucharest (RO) Spin-Off of the Univ. of Stuttgart, standalone company since 2006 Roots of Astos Solutions go back to 1989 Office in Stuttgart 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
4 Product overview Spaceflight Design & Analysis Visualization VESTA (OSS) Optimisation Testbed ASTOS Vehicle Design ODIN MT-Aerospace GESOP Camera/Lidar Simulator DCAP TAS-I Safety & Risk RADID SOS AMA Inc dspace HIL-Unit LOTOS Low Thrust Orbit Transfer GRAVMOD-2 WORHP SFZ POINT Exploration Asteroid Trajectory Propagation MIDACO Schlueter Magnetic Cleanliness Identification Pointing Error Engineering PEET (OSS, ESA) GAMAG 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
5 State of the art Propulsion What about Cube-sat and Micro-sat?: Several commercial options BUSEK Aerojet Rocketdyne Accion Systems Sitael Others Credits: BUSEK Credits: Aerojet Rocketdyne Credits: Accion Systems University studies and test (e.g. MIT, Michigan) Credits: Sitael 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
6 State of the art Application Low-thrust is used in space: Orbit change till target orbit (GTO-GEO) Position and Attitude control during operational phase De-orbit or graveyarding at end-of-life Near future scenarios: Orbit change till target orbit (after piggy-back) Space tug for delivery and service Credits: Astos Solutions LOTOS 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
7 Motivation All these scenarios requires: Optimization and analysis of high-fidelity transfer trajectories Optimized maneuver planning Software for Guidance & Navigation Mission analysis Is there budget/time for development of in-house tools? 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
8 COTS solution LOTOS Hybrid transfers Electric transfer Controlled 6DoF attitude Verification of trajectories Database Post-processing Reports Windows & Linux platform 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
9 LOTOS operational aspects Once the trajectory (and satellite) is optimized, operational aspects have to be considered: Re-optimization of trajectory after separation from launcher to consider injection errors. Periodic re-optimization of trajectory to account for perturbations, attitude errors and underperformance of propulsion. New maneuver plan of next cycle is uploaded to the satellite. Spacecraft Operations Centre Orbit Determination Position, Velocity, Mass EOR Software Reference Trajectory + Initial State Update Ground Software Manoeuvre Plan (CCSDS) Re-Optimization & Verification Credits: Safran 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
10 Electric Propulsion for orbit change Example Several satellites are launched in a single orbit: PSLV Soyuz Even more in the future (Falcon, Electron, etc.) Credits: Glavkosmos Credits: Rocket Lab 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
11 EP for orbit change Microsat example PLSV delivery at 800 km SSO Not compliant with end-of-life regulations. Target orbit 500 km SSO Satellite mass 50 kg Power = 200 W Isp = 1400 s (Hall) Thrust = N Final Sat mass = 48.9 kg Transfer duration = 12.8 days Delta V = 291 m/s Credits: AS LOTOS 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
12 EP for orbit change 3U Cubesat example PLSV delivery at 570 km SSO Not compliant with end-of-life regulations. Target orbit 500 km SSO Satellite mass 5 kg Power = 15 W Isp = 800 s (Electrospray) Thrust = 0.7 mn Final Sat mass = kg Transfer duration = 5.9 days Delta V = 72 m/s Credits: AS LOTOS 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
13 Space tug Cubesat/Microsat applications Delivery of a satellite to its final orbit Constellation deployment without impacting life-time of satellites De-orbit of not active satellites Service of satellites in LEO for repositioning, life-extension, repair and graveyarding. Credits: AS LOTOS 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
14 Space tug Does it make sense? Microsat example from 800 km to 500 km Satellite mass 50 kg Tug mass = 50 kg Power = 200 W Isp = 1400 s (Hall) Thrust = N Credits: AS LOTOS Final Tug mass = 47.9 kg Transfer duration = 25.6 days Credits: AS LOTOS Tug return to 800 km SSO Final Tug mass = 46.8 kg Transfer duration = 13.4 days 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
15 Conclusion Electric propulsion is a well proven technology, the miniaturisation of it allows the implementation on micro-satellites and cubesats. This allows constellation deployment, end-of-life grave yarding and modification of orbit parameters reached by piggy-back deployment. Preliminary trajectory optimizations show interesting results for micro-satellites and cubesats. Question: are the advantages repaid by the propulsion sub-system cost? The application of an electric propulsion Tug is questionable for micro-satellites, not interesting for cube-sat due to volume and mass limitations Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
16 Conclusion The increased complexity of mission analysis and trajectory optimization requires experience and powerful tools for the design and operation of such vehicles. Question: what is cheaper and faster, in-house or COTS software? LOTOS can be a solution: Simulation, optimization and analysis Electric and hybrid transfer It supports spacecraft operations 2017 Astos Solutions GmbH Space Tech Expo Europe - 24th October
17 For a live demo and more information, please visit us at stand J20.
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