NEXT Exploration Science and Technology Mission. Relevance for Lunar Exploration
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1 NEXT Exploration Science and Technology Mission Relevance for Lunar Exploration Alain Pradier & the NEXT mission team ILEWG Meeting, 23 rd September 2007, Sorrento
2 AURORA PROGRAMME Ministerial Council 2005 approved Aurora Programme in two parts: ExoMars mission, due for launch in 2013 Aurora Core Programme ( ) Scenario, Architecture & Roadmapping Mars Sample Return Preparation General Exploration Technology & Lunar Exploration Preparation Awareness Core Programme prepares for future European exploration missions and participation to wider international space exploration: Future exploration mission system studies Development of key capabilities and technologies in support of missions 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 2
3 LUNAR EXPLORATION Aurora recognises the key role of the Moon in the path of exploration stepping stone in human exploration between Earth orbit and Mars represents nearby test environment for key technologies scientifically important for exploration in terms of environment, solar-system history and planetary formation near-term target for combined technology demonstration and science 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 3
4 Mars Sample Return CONTEXT Represents major step in Mars exploration in terms of: achievement of long term science objectives, as identified by European, US and international science community development of key enabling capabilities for future exploration including advanced robotic and possible human missions Internationally recognised as a key opportunity for cooperation Key milestone within Aurora Programme Driver of key technologies and capabilities Opportunity to develop expertise in critical fields: softlanding, rendezvous, sample handling, planetary protection, robotics, bio-containment, aero-braking, high speed Earth re-entry Internal Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) Study 2 X Parallel Industrial Phase A1 Studies 1 Phase A2 Study (Near Completion) MSR + PreCursor 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 4
5 Mars Sample Return ESA Reference Scenario X S Y S 1 st launch: Orbiter+Earth Return Capsule 2nd launch: DM+MAV+ Carrier 2 Arrival at Mars Orbiter & DM arrive separately MSR Mission Scenario 3 Soft-Landing on Mars, with hazard avoidance 4 Collection of samples (no mobility in phase A1; partial consideration in phase A2) 1-2 A5 ECA Launches 8 High Speed Earth Re- Entry and Sample recovery 7 - Earth Return Capsule on its way back to Earth 6 - Sample Transfer; current baseline is capture 5 - Ascent from the Mars surface 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 5
6 NEXT MISSION OPPORTUNITY NEXT Mission opportunity > 2020 NEXT mission Ph B proposal and approval Ministerial Council 2008 Phase B Phase C/D Next Exploration Science and Technology Mission (NEXT) Demonstration of key enabling capabilities for exploration Soft Precision Landing Autonomous Rendezvous High Speed Earth Re-Entry, etc. Required technologies must be at TRL 6 by beginning of Phase B, in 2009 i.e. system prototypes tested in a relevant environment (e.g. analogous earth based test sites) Driving parameter in elaboration of technology development approach for NEXT missions 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 6
7 NEXT MISSION OBJECTIVES The objectives of the NEXT mission are: To demonstrate in a representative environment key capabilities and technologies for MSR, and future exploration missions in general To offer an opportunity for excellent science The NEXT mission shall provide an optimal combination of these two objectives. ESA has performed several mission studies to explore the different potential NEXT mission concepts: 4 x in the frame of Pre-Phase A studies (in the MSR Ph. A2) 2 x in the form of CDF studies 1 x in the form of a Technology Reference Study recently completed by D/Sci 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 7
8 7 Studies for NEXT Mission Contractor MarsNEXT Precursor M-1 Precursor M-2 CDF TAS-I EADS-GmbH Precursor TAS-F Precursor M-4 LSR NEA-SR ASTRIUM-SAS CDF Astrium Ltd Soyuz A-5 shared Soyuz NONE NONE M Target -83 Launcher Ariane-5 Soyuz Orbiter/ Propulsion Module Soyuz Soyuz NONE Landed element Return x Lunar Mission Studies 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 8
9 Pre-Phase A Technological Considerations Soft Precision Landing is the next technological step after ExoMars to land more mass on Mars safely, and in general to provide access to any planetary surface. Every studied Lunar mission includes the demonstration of soft precision landing in terms of accuracy, hazard avoidance and GNC systems with respect to MSR: The landing accuracy shall be better than 500m (3-sigma value) The soft precision landing shall allow for hazard avoidance, including hazard mapping (slope, shadow and roughness), piloting and guidance The landing trajectory shall allow to validate the navigation sensors and associated GNC algorithms in conditions that aims at maximizing representativeness w.r.t. MSR Pulse-modulated engines are used for thrust modulation Various landing strategies were elaborated, based on parallel technology development carried out in the frame of the Aurora Core Programme 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 9
10 Pre-Phase A Science Considerations Major aim of Pre-Phase A studies (including CDF) was to assess resources which might be made available for payload (mass and power) Specific scientific objectives were not specified during this study phase, however contractors did highlight where architectural criticalities would impact science, e.g: Limitations on surface lifetime Power available, especially during lunar night Communications coverage Potential for embarking mobility (including sub-surface access) 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 10
11 M2 Single Lunar Lander General mission aim: To safely land a single lunar lander at the Moon s South Pole Primary objectives: 1. To perform an autonomous soft-precision landing with hazard avoidance in preparation for MSR, and to explore the possibility of a hopping manoeuvre for partial ascent demonstration and mobility 2. To put in place a surface payload, embarking local mobility Current payload allocation is in the order to 100kg, including mobility and possible drilling capability. Possible payload options include: Lunar Geophysical and Environmental Package Dedicated sub-surface investigation payload Astrobiology Habitat Technology demonstrations e.g. In-situ resource utilisation 23 October Payload (including mobile element) can be re-stowed to ensure thermal conditions during lunar night Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 11
12 M3 Orbiter and Lander General mission aim: To safely deploy a single lunar lander from a lunar orbiter maximising potential for science and technology demonstration Primary objectives: To perform an autonomous soft-precision landing with hazard avoidance in preparation for MSR, and to perform an autonomous rendezvous and capture in lunar orbit To put in place a surface payload, with may be a compromise between landed payload & penetrators Payload is limited due to inclusion of orbiter, with 2 main options: 1. Deployment of penetrator(s) (~40-50kg each) allowing 10kg of lander payload 2. No penetrators allowing 30kg of lander payload which may enable limited drilling capability No mobility is foreseen in either option 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 12
13 M4 - MoonTwins General mission aim: To safely deploy a pair of landers on the lunar surface at separate locations: polar and midhigh latitude Primary objectives: To perform an autonomous soft-precision landing with hazard avoidance in preparation for MSR, and prior to this to perform an autonomous rendezvous of the two spacecrafts in lunar orbit To put in place a pair of surface payloads, allowing the possibility of combined measurements Payload is divided between the 2 landers, allowing ~ 15kg of surface payload per lander Analysis shows power available during lunar day ~ 16W (with ~1W available during night) Payload does not foresee mobility or sub-surface access 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 13
14 General mission aim: LUNAR SAMPLE RETURN Collect and return to Earth a sample from a Peak of Eternal Light at the Moon s South Pole Primary objectives: 1. Demonstrate Soft Precision Landing with Hazard Avoidance in preparation of the MSR mission 2. Return at least 500 g of samples from a depth of 2 m Secondary objectives: 1. Demonstrate High Speed Earth Re-entry 2. Demonstrate certain aspects of Sample Handling and Transfer 10 instruments for remote, in-situ (in the drill box) and environmental (radiation, dust) measurements 9.4kg (incl. margin), 14.5W peak power scientific package onboard the surface module, which provides: context information for the samples back-up science data in case of main mission failure (no sample return) No scientific measurements during lunar night Rim of the Shackleton Crater at the Moon South Pole on the Near Side Panoramic stereo cameras (2) IR spectrometer Ground penetrating radar Surface Science Package Microscope Camera Mössbauer spectrometer Alpha-Proton spectrometer Laser Mass Spectrometer Dust sensor Radiation sensor 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 14
15 Evaluation & Recommendation Based on work from all 7 NEXT concept studies, ESA performed an evaluation based on technical merits, risk and cost This evaluation was presented to Exploration Science and Technology Advisory Group (ESTAG) in early September 07 ESTAG discussed relevant scientific merits of mission concepts, and relevance to future exploration Recommendation to proceed with Phase A studies on 2 mission concepts was made and endorsed by AURORA Programme Board: 1. Mars Orbiter with Aerobraking, Network Science Probes & Rendezvous Demonstration 2. Lunar Lander (single) with In-Situ Science and Mobility These two mission concepts will each be studied in parallel at Phase A level, with initiation foreseen in early October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 15
16 Science in Phase A Studies Phase A studies will focus on technology demonstration and scientific objectives Science Definition Team (SDT) is being established to consider potential science objectives, and the payloads required to satisfy these SDT will be in place to inform studies at their outset, and guide them through their implementation Reference payload models will be defined to aid in mission trade-offs and high level design questions Major issues to be addressed include: Candidate landing sites at the South Pole Mobile vs static payloads Extent of lateral surface mobility required Need and extent of subsurface access Lifetime needed to carry out surface measurements Level of autonomy vs direct control from Earth 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 16
17 Lunar Lander Possible Payloads Different categories of possible payloads for the Lunar Lander concept have been identified: Nature and evolution of the Moon the Moon as an observation platform Category 1: Science-Of-The-Moon Payloads (e.g. geophysics) Category 2: Science-On-The-Moon Payloads (e.g. radio-astronomy) Category 3: Exploration Preparation Payloads Category 4: Services Payloads Lunar environment Life Sciences / Biology Physical Sciences / Technological Experiment Context Deployment Subsurface Access Mobility 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 17
18 MINISTERIAL COUNCIL 2008 Phase A studies will run for 12 months After several months, in mid-2008, data from studies will be used to prepare the next AURORA PROGRAMME PROPOSAL to the Ministerial Council of November 2008 It is currently planned to propose one of the mission concepts to proceed into Phase B after the Ministerial Council Potential decision in mid-2008 between Lunar Lander and Mars Orbiter mission Dependent on many factors: Intermediate Phase A results Evolution of NASA lunar exploration programme International discussions and work on Mars Sample Return, and European participation Financial potential within the D-HME directorate Lunar Lander studies will mature mission concepts in the wider Aurora framework of preparation for future exploration of the Moon, Mars and beyond. 23 October Aurora NEXT Presentation to ILEWG, Sorrento 18
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