What is the problem? HEAT STRESS IMPACTS ANIMAL HEALTH & WELFARE. Thermal Aid: Managing Heat Stress in Cattle 2/19/2013. Don Spiers.

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1 Thermal Aid: Managing Heat Stress in Cattle Don Spiers Professor Environmental Physiology Division of Animal Science University of Missouri-Columbia What is the problem? HEAT STRESS IMPACTS ANIMAL HEALTH & WELFARE 1

2 CONFINED DAIRY GRAZING PASTURES FEEDLOT BEEF 2

3 ANNUAL INDUSTRY LOSSES DUE TO HEAT STRESS IN THE US $897,000,000 Dairy $369,000,000 Beef $299,000,000 Swine 3

4 Global temperature is rising Increase incidence of extreme temperatures 4

5 HOW DO PRODUCERS DEAL WITH THESE SITUATIONS? HOW DO THEY ASSESS THE LEVEL OF HEAT STRESS? HOW DO THEY MAKE INTELLIGENT DECISIONS FOR STRAIN REDUCTION? Ambient Temperature (C) Core Temperature (C) Pasture Study Intraperitoneal Ruminal Air Black Globe Time (days) Gaughan, J.B., T.L. Mader, and K.G. Gebremedhin Rethinking Heat Index Tools for Livestock. In: Environmental Physiology of Livestock. Eds. R.J. Collier and J.L. Collier. LIVESTOCK WEATHER SAFETY INDEX Temperature, o C Relative Humidity, % Normal: 74 Alert: Danger: Emergency: 84 5

6 LIVESTOCK WEATHER SAFETY INDEX Temperature, o C Relative Humidity, % Normal: 74 Alert: Danger: Emergency: 84 STILL THE QUESTION: WHAT DO THE PRODUCERS DO? Provide > decision-making tool - producers to identify level of heat stress, and ameliorate heat strain in livestock BIGGER QUESTION: WHAT DO THE PRODUCERS NEED ON A HANDHELD DEVICE? WHAT IS ENOUGH INFORMATION TO MAKE A DECISION & WHAT CAN BE ACCESSED ELSEWHERE? 6

7 BUILDING AN APP IS NOT EASY High School College STUDENTS PRODUCERS RESEARCH & EDUCATION THERMALAID KEY: INVOLVE STUDENTS (NEXT GENERATION) 7

8 UNDERGRADUATE CLASSES WORKSHOPS: AG SCIENCE STUDENTS MU STATE FAIR MU 8

9 INTERMISSION THERMAL AID LITE Phase I 9

10 ENVIRONMENT RESEARCHER SMARTPHONE APP ANIMAL PRODUCER THERMAL AID ICON Initial screen + info on app + Thermal Net web site entry 10

11 Note current temperature THI arrows are forward & backward in time Click Info Button Enter Zip Code for Different Location & Animal Name Also storage site for THI and other readings Start by selecting Beef or Dairy 11

12 For dairy grazing or free-stall High or low producing Healthy or sick 12

13 Can arrive at same location for beef Shifting forward in time 13

14 Click + Button for manual override and entry 14

15 Click Temp/ Humidity Button Information displayed for the animal where the + button was displayed 15

16 Access to tips 16

17 Add (+) or delete animals WHY MEASURE RESPIRATION RATE? Respiration rate - determine animal s immediate response to heat stress. Closely related to core temperature. 17

18 160 Respiration Rate (bpm) Core Body Temperature ( o C) Timer button Enter breaths 18

19 Able to identify heat-sensitive and tolerant animals Will send this to a database along with ambient conditions All information accessed later for review YOUTUBE VIDEO + WEBINAR WEBSITE THERMALNET 19

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21 High School College STUDENTS PRODUCERS RESEARCH & EDUCATION THERMALAID THERMALNET INTERMISSION 21

22 THERMAL AID PRO The Next Phase FUTURE CHALLENGES 1. Long-term Heat Adaptation 2. Animal Variability 3. Response Reliability 4. Breed Differences 5. Age & Growth Differences 6. Immune Function & Health 7. Efficiency & Profit Other indices include: THI adj = THI Wind Speed Solar Radiation Eigenberg et al RR = 2.8 Tdb Tdp 1.5 Wind Speed Solar 52.8 Radiation Eigenberg et al HLI = Heat Load Index and AHL = Accumulated Heat Load using Black Globe Temperature and Wind Speed Gaughan et al

23 LONG-TERM GOALS FOR THE SYSTEM Network between producers & researchers Databases of field data (animal & ambient) available for analysis. HORIZON POINT (A site-specific weather system) Development of more realistic models to address more complicated scenarios (ex. heat adaptation, breed and age differences) AMBIENT ANIMAL NETWORK PRODUCERS RESEARCHER 23

24 AMBIENT ANIMAL THERMAL AID PRODUCERS RESEARCHER BIG CHALLENGE: GETTING USEFUL WEATHER INFORMATION FROM AROUND THE WORLD CONFINED DAIRY 24

25 MODULES FOR AIR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY (Easy Solution) WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TO SMARTPHONE High School College STUDENTS PRODUCERS RESEARCH & EDUCATION THERMALAID THERMALNET APP DEVELOPMENT GRANTS & SPONSORS DEVICE CONSTRUCTION (HQ Inc.) 25

26 NEXT CHALLENGES: A TON OF INFORMATION REQUIRING SOME MANUAL ENTRY 41 Pasture Study Intraperitoneal STILL A QUESTION OF HOW TO WORK WITH THIS DATA Core Temperature (C) Ruminal Ambient Temperature (C) Air Black Globe Time (days) 26

27 ANIMAL TEMPERATURE SENSORS (Bigger Challenge) WIRELESS TRANSMISSION TO SMARTPHONE High School College STUDENTS PRODUCERS RESEARCH & EDUCATION THERMALAID THERMALNET APP DEVELOPMENT GRANTS & SPONSORS DEVICE CONSTRUCTION (HQ Inc.) A NETWORK OF ADVISORS FROM AROUND THE WORLD EXTENSION IN A SMARTPHONE 27

28 CONCLUSIONS High School College STUDENTS PRODUCERS RESEARCH & EDUCATION THERMALAID THERMALNET APP DEVELOPMENT GRANTS & SPONSORS DEVICE CONSTRUCTION (HQ Inc.) CONCLUSIONS: 1. A Smartphone App (THERMALAID) has been developed that > immediate information > ambient conditions + ability to enter specific animal information - later retrieval. 2. A website (THERMALNET) - provides user with more up-to-date information on heat stress + solutions for relief. Also provides - forum for information exchange. 28

29 ADDITIONAL CHALLENGES: 1. World-wide weather input is needed - air temperature + humidity at specific locations. 2. App must be fully developed for automatic data entry + retrieval. 3. Teams - needed to gather the information + provide feedback. 29