Smart Grid Implementation and Behavior NERC Smart Grid Workshop 2/23/2012

Transcription

1 Smart rid Implementation and Behavior NERC Smart rid Workshop 2/23/2012 Rick Meeker Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS) Florida State University 2000 Levy Avenue, Building A, Tallahassee, FL

2 Smart rid Definitions NERC STF DOE S Roadmap 2/28/2012 2

3 Smart rid Origins Modern rid Characteristics 1, 2 Enables active participation by consumers Accommodates all generation and storage options Enables new products, services and markets Provides power quality for the digital economy Optimizes asset utilization and operate efficiently Anticipates & responds to system disturbances (self-heal) Operates resiliently against attack and natural disaster Smart rid Characteristics 3 Enables informed participation by customers Accommodates all generation and storage options Enables new products, services, and markets Provides power quality for the range of needs in the 21st century Optimizes assets and operates efficiently Addresses disturbances automated prevention, containment, and restoration Operates resiliently against physical and cyber attacks and natural disasters Miller J., Pullins, S., Bossart, S., The Modern rid, presentation to the Wisconsin Public Utility Institute and UW Energy Institute, April 29, Smart rid R&D Multi-Year Program Plan, , U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, September /28/2012 3

4 Smart rid A Definition for the Bulk Power System 1 The integration and application of real-time monitoring, advanced sensing, communications, analytics, and control, enabling the dynamic flow of both energy and information to accommodate existing and new forms of supply, delivery, and use in a secure, reliable, and efficient electric power system, from generation source to enduser. 1. Reliability Considerations from Integration of Smart rid, Smart rid Task Force, North American Electric Reliability Corp. (NERC), draft, August /28/2012 4

5 The Future rid? 2/28/2012 5

6 The Future rid? Power Electronics (PE) DC HTS D Microgrids / Microenergy / CHP Information msmt, data, decision support Communications Control 2/28/2012 6

7 Modeling and Simulation Effort Notional Florida system PSS/E load-flow (also in MATLAB for 14-bus version) Representative dynamic PSS/E model Seeking to create notional models for the research community (as done with electric war-ship IPS) 14 and 154 bus versions developed Structured and scripted for model and scenario changes Coordinating with FRCC and member utilities 2/28/2012 7

8 2/28/ Bus Model E 0405 E 0406 E E Duva l

9 Frequency (Hz) Models: 154 Bus Base Model 154 Busses at 500, 230, 138, and 115 kv voltage levels 46 generation plants, with multiple units at each plant All generation units employ round rotor machine models (ENROU), steam turbinegovernor models (TOV1), and simplified excitation system models (SEXS) Model development continuation in cooperation with FERC validation plan in place and started (early stages) Frequency (Hz) Southeast 59.4 Southwest Central 59.2 Northeast Time (s) 2/28/2012 9

10 FSU CAPS: Power Systems Simulation AC/DC Converter Main AC enerator 1 Auxilary AC enerator 1 AC/DC Converter IEEE 30-bus System 5 racks, dt65 μs 6 machines incl. governor & v-regulator 36 transmission lines 70 breakers 14-rack RTDS at CAPS REAL-TIME RTDS Large-scale electromagnetic transient simulator EMTP type simulation covers load-flow, harmonic, dynamic, and transient regime Real-time simulation, with time steps down to <2 s.; 111,200 MFLOPS; 14 racks, parallel processing Real-time simulation of 924 electrical nodes, plus hundreds of control and other simulation blocks Extensive digital and analog I/O for interfacing hardware to simulation (>2500 analog, >200 digital). Can connect in real-time to any electrical node within the simulation. MODBUS TCP, DNP 3.0 and IEC interfaces also available. Capability for remote access over VPN link Recent upgrade activity: 2 RISC PC s in every rack for small time step (1-2 s) Backplane upgrades - bus transfer rate improved from 125 to 60 ns Increase electrical nodes per rack from 54 to 66 REAL-TIME Opal RT, recently added Other simulation tools in-use at CAPS: PSS/E, PSCAD/EMTDC, MATLAB/Simulink, ATP, PSPICE, ANSYS, DSPACE 2/28/ Energy Storage Capacitor Bank Stern Cross-hull Disconnect DC/DC Converter DC/DC Converter MVDC Starboard Bus Radar Zone 5 Deck house DC Disconnect Zone 4 Load Center AC Circuit Breaker AC Circuit Breaker T T Drive Inverter Drive Inverter AC Circuit Breaker Port Propulsion Motor Zone 2 Load Center Starboard Propulsion Motor AT2 T T MT2 AC/DC Converter See separate figure for details MT1 Auxilary AC enerator 2 Zone 3 Load Center AT1 Main AC enerator 2 AC Circuit Breaker AC/DC Converter DC Disconnect Zone 1 Load Center MVDC Port Bus DC/DC Conv erter Bow Cross-hull Disconnect Ship zonal integrated power system Pulse Charging Circuit Pulsed Load

11 Dynamic HIL Testing of large PV Inverters Substation Highly dynamic testing of PV converters is possible today! LV ride through Anti islanding B1 B2 T1 B15 Real Time Simulator RTDS Fault current contribution S10 Power rid Simulation Unbalanced voltage condition 4.16kV 6.3 MVA Variable Voltage Source (VVS) 2/28/ B13 T9.1 T10.1 B14 T9.2 VVS 1 VVS 2 ~ ~ 466/4160V 3.93MVA Z5.6% ~ AC Bus1: kv I max ka T5 B kV AC Bus Real Time Simulator RTDS PV Array Simulation DC Bus: VDC I max +/- 2.5 ka ~ PV Inverter 4160/480V 1.5MVA Z5.86% AC Bus2: kv I max 1.8 ka up to 1.5 MW

12 7/1/2010 4:59 7/1/2010 6:00 7/1/2010 7:00 7/1/2010 8:00 7/1/2010 9:00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 7/1/ :00 Power AC Power [kw] Power PV Variability Lakeland Center 7/1/2010 PV output July PV output 2.5 x 107 Power Spectrum Lakeland Center,July 2010, 1-min data 10 x [1] Power Spectrum Lakeland Center,July 2010, 1-min data Period [min.] Period [min.] [1] Berani, H., Robust Power System Frequency Control, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, NY, /28/

13 High-penetration PV Studies JEA Jacksonville Solar 15 MW; 12.6 MW AC Online Nov Owner: PSE; under PPA to JEA 100 acres 24kV Distr. Feeder Feeder length ~5.6 miles Max. ckt. load <12.6 MW Inverters: SMA Sunny Central Panels: First Solar Substation RTDS Feeder conductor characterization JSI PV plant PV controls Load points PSCAD / EMTDC 2/28/

14 PV Projects in SUNRIN Partner Service Areas /28/

15 Rick Meeker, P.E Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida State University 2000 Levy Ave., Building A, Tallahassee, FL /28/

16 Supplemental 2/28/

17 FREEDM NSF Engineering Research Center North Carolina State University (Lead) Arizona State University Florida State University Florida A&M University Missouri S&T University An efficient and revolutionary power grid Integrating distributed and scalable alternative energy sources and storage with existing power systems Facilitating a green-energy-based economy Mitigating the growing energy crisis; and Reducing the impact of carbon emissions. 2/28/

18 DD-1000 Zumwalt / DD(X) Multi-Mission Surface Combatant - Integrated Power System Specifications Displacement 14,264 tons Builder Northrop rumman Power Plant Integrated Power System (IPS) 78 megawatts Installed power two large 35-megawatt generators two small 4-megawatt generators Length 600 feet [Panama Canal transit capability] Beam 79.1 feet [Panama Canal transit capability] Draft 27.6 feet Armament 2-155mm Advanced un System mm Long Range Land Attack Projectile [600 Threshold / 1200 Objective] 80 - PVLS cells Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile Tactical Tomahawk Block IV Advanced Land Attack Missile Systems Speed Endurance SPY-3 Multi-Function Radar (MFR) Volume Search Radar (VSR) Acoustic Sensor Suite EO/IR System Naval Surface Fire Support Weapon Control System (NWCS) 30 knots (Threshold) 30+ knots (Objective) 4500 nm(threshold) 6000 nm Crew Design: 120 Aircraft Costs [vice traditional 348, DD-51 flight IIA] 2 SH-60 LAMPS helicopters or 1 MH-60R helicopter 3 RQ-8A Fire Scout VTUAV $1.2 billion - $1.4 billion procurement cost objective $2.5 billion first unit cost NIPS for DD-1000, C(X) cruiser and other future surface combatants 2/28/