It s smarter to create a Smart DC grid. Statements to think about. Direct Current BV

Transcription

1 It s smarter to create a Smart grid Statements to think about You are a bigger Don Quichot to create a smart AC grid A smart grid is as simple as a stupid AC grid. Standing still is moving forward is more fun than AC. Efficiency is not the business case Think in full scalable systems

2 We are already live in a world Why Everything we and is brings fun, comfort, clean and sustainable solutions

3 ify the world Ambition We want a world 1.2 Billion people without energy access, green field for We have to close the gap between income and systems All new applications are, all lighting will be The future is based on

4 To make the future 29 years history as Entrepreneur (started in 1988) About me and the mission Production of high current rectifiers up to 30kA (owner of Hellas Rectifiers BV). More than rectifiers build. Delivery worldwide in the following markets: Electronics, Connectors, Solar, Cathodic Protection, Electrolysis and Chargers. Mission to make a world. R&D (owner of ), Competence Center. SMPS rectifiers (owner of Amstel Rectifiers BV), SMPS since 1998 in CP, plating and electrolysis. Solar, wind & blue energy inverters, MPPT & R&D (owner of Femtogrid Energy Solutions BV). Light lease in the greenhouses main share holder of Hortilighting BV Independent promotor (founder and chairman of the Foundation). Iinitialization of the Current/OS foundation Pilots: Agricultural Grow Lights, Public Lighting, Housing, Offices, Smart Grid. Close relationship with technical universities, grid operators, energy supplier and the large enterprises. Politic active in D66 working group electrical infrastructure. Green Deal with the government to make possible in the Netherlands. Standards: Chairmen in the local standards TC64 NEN 1010 workgroup and member of LV IEC workgroup SEG 4 LV and SEG 6 LV grids. (official member in the in the System Comity of the IEC LV SyC) Member IEC about Off grid installations and electrical access. Member of the CIGRÉ workgroup SC 6.31 MV distribution Runner up I m Dyslectic, so forgive me for spelling mistakes

5 Timeline Economy is based on rotating machines AC History and we are just beginning Economy is based on: standing still is moving forward

6 The mission Strategy how we started We have the best strategy ever for setting up a new business case We have a solution for: Non-existing problem Non-existing customers Non-existing demand Part of the Team 100% dedicated to realization This is really brilliant No one was stupid enough to do the same. No competitors so far

7 Masterplan How we do it Everybody is creating the market for us How to grow the plan grids, the missing link to a sustainable world Education Vision Politics Think BIG masterplan Products Guts & Balls Partners What system do we want for the future if we only have applications in de last mile? AC Issues feeding our case Network Pushing R&D

8 forced without noticed Hidden Society Road map European Union forcing: Standard connector for small devices. Market answered with USB-C 100W Efficiency of small rotating machines. Market answer frequency drives /AC Reduction of Vacuum cleaner power consumption. Market answer powered cleaning robots Saving in lighting. Market answer powered LED + communication Electrical Heating and cooling. Modulated compressors/fan/pumps by Reduction to CO 2 in mobility. Market answer powered Electrical Cars More sustainable energy production. Market answer solar energy production Smart grids. Market answer with storage, and Controllability by devices

9 What's going on Where is the flow Large scale Rotating Energy Production. going down. Fuel based products. Cheating and going down. AC Installers. Complaining and going down. Grid operators. Keep the existing history efficient as possible, add workarounds on issues generated by Comfortable income, and regulated Standard passive AC Products. No innovation but comfortable income Sustainable Energy Products. Very fast growing very high investment. Storage Batteries. Very fast growing very high investment. New Mobility. Very fast growing very high investment. New Smart Products. Very fast growing very high income.

10 Why grids It s smarter to have smart grid on Difference between AC/ smart grids Congestion management from system nature Active system Easy to implement hierarchical communication structure only for parametering and monitoring Green field, Out of the box solutions Wider access to human resources Makes islanding solutions possible Vehicle to grid strong case Current OS AC Needs a new communication system for Realtime control Vulnerable if communication is missing Congestion is current based (so needs a lot of current sensors) Knowledge is declining Privacy is a issue in case of smart grids Too much history, regulations and standards Passive system Vehicle to grid a big issue grid codes

11 is NEW Pit Falls in Low voltage can be dangerous! Hard to protect and fire risk high Fuses or circuit breakers not always work and escalating (Limit breaking currents) See an installation the same as AC systems but with different sources Take care about corrosion a few ma leakage can destroy a building Oscillations on the BUS Surge currents, arcing and overvoltage Direct connecting of batteries to a open grid structure Selectivity hard with standard protection Stay below for maintenance free connections Don t make the case based on electrical efficiency, SiC & GaN are coming Biggest enemy for : is lack of knowledge USB-C is HERE for small devices Make systems future proof and compatible with other use cases Don t try this at home

12 600Vdc 1500Vdc voltage What voltage? Research done by application versus voltage level. House hybrid AC/ House Heat Pump 2/50kW EV 10/20kW Office 100Wp on Data center >1MW Factory >1MW Ware house lighting Green house >1 MW Steet light Domestic Street light Hiroads Solar System 10kW Solar park 2MW Power 6A/mm2 Cu mg/w 6A/mm2 Can replace 12V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 72 W 247/+1817% - 2 0,6 m 24V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 144 W 124/+858% - 2 1,2 m 48V X X X X X X X X X X X X 288 W 61,8/+379% - 2 2,4 m 60V X X X X X X X X X X X X 360 W 49,4/+283% - 2 2,9 m 110V X X X X X X X X X X X X 660 W 27,0/+109% - 2 5,4 m 220V X X X X X X X X X X 1320 W 13,5/+5% 230Vac 1ph 2 10,8 m 300V X X X X X X X X 1800 W 9,9/-23% 230Vac 1ph 2 14,7 m 350V X X X X X X 2100 W 8,5/-34% 230Vac 1ph 2 17,2 m +/- 190V X X X X X X 2280 W 11,7/-9% 230Vac 1ph 3 18,6 m 380V X X X X X X 2280 W 7,8/-39% 230Vac 1ph 2 18,6 m 400V X X X X X X 2400 W 7,4/-43% 230Vac 1ph 2 19,6 m 500V X X X X X X X X X X X 3000 W 5,9/-54% ,5 m +/-300V X X X X X 3600 W 7,4/-43% ,4 m 600V X X X X X X X X X 3600 W 4,9/-23% 400Vac 3ph 2 29,4 m +/- 350V X X X 4200 W 6,4/-51% 230Vac 1ph 3 34,3 m 700V X X X X X X X 4200 W 4,2/-34% 400Vac 3ph 2 34,3 m +/- 380V X X X 4560 W 5,9/-55% 230Vac 1ph 3 37,3 m 760V X X X X X X X X 4560 W 3,9/-39% 400Vac 3ph 2 37,3 m 900V X X X X X X X X X X X 5400 W 3,3/-49% ,1 m 1000V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 6000 W 3,0/-54% ,0 m +/- 600V X X X X X X 7200 W 3,7/-42% 400Vac 3ph 3 58,8 m 1200V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 7200 W 2,5/-34% 690Vac 3ph 2 58,8 m +/- 700V X X X X X X 8400 W 3,2/-51% 400Vac 3ph 3 68,6 m 1400V X X X X X X Future X X X X X X 8400 W 2,1/-43% 690Vac 3ph 2 68,6 m Author Harry Stokman 2013 by internet: W 12,9 230Vac 1ph 2 11,3 m EMerge Alliance Best range Proposed standard by 4157 W 6,4 400Vac 3ph 3 34,0 m Possible extension Possible 300V/600V grids 7171 W 3,7 690Vac 3ph 3 58,6 m AC Wires no PE Distance 1% 6A/mm2 IEC USA Standard low voltage limits

13 Level Voltages 350V / 700V / 1400V Why 350V (320V 380V range) With ± 30V Droop the limit for direct touch disconnect time = 3 millisecond. So can be used in Home applications. In line with the IEC Clear number not confused by AC voltage levels in hybrid cases Similar design criteria's as 230V AC Lifetime improvement with 600/650V semiconductors In case for bipolar ±350V the 700V levels is available for larger power devices Why 700V ( V range) Isolation windings in motors is in the safe range Clear number not confused by AC ± 60V droop Similar design criteria's as 480V AC Lifetime improvement with 1200V semiconductors and capacitors In case for bipolar ±700V the 1400V levels is below the 1500V border this enable full range of the voltage band to use Standardized in the Netherlands in the TC64 application paper in the Dutch NEN 1010 practical guide

14 Voltages 350V / 700V / 1400V 350Vdc +350V 2 pole grid 3 pole bipolar grid B350Vdc Power direction L+ +350V Power direction L+ Colors L+ SOURCE M 350Vdc ±1.4% ±30V droop M SOURCE M 350Vdc ±1.4% ±30V droop 350Vdc ±1.4% ±30V droop 700Vdc ±1.4% M M PE PE PE PE 700Vdc +700V SOURCE M PE -700V Max. -10V 0V Power direction 700Vdc ±1.4% ±60V droop Max. -20V 20V + 350V M Device + 700V M Device PE L+ M PE PE PE PE SOURCE PE -350V B700Vdc +700V M -700V Max. -10V 0V Power direction 700Vdc ±1.4% ±60V droop 700Vdc ±1.4% ±60V droop Max. -20V 20V + 350V M Device + 700V M Device + 350V M Device 1400Vdc ±1.4% + 700V M Device + 700V M Device V M Device L- PE L+ M L- PE L- L+ L- PE M PE L- Colors according IEC Planned for future expansion to a bipolair system But there is more definition needed to define an open system. CLEAR Voltage levels without to be confused by AC voltage levels Current OS

15 Zones in 0 Certification Risk zones and protection schemes defined Zone 0 unprotected source Zone 1 protection by fuses or circuit breakers high breaking currents Zone 2 is current limited Zone 3 and 4 are based on semiconductor protection Zone 4A is SELV or PELV 4 Part of the Dutch wiring regulations But this is not all SOLID STATE Protection ZONE 4 USB-C AC STORAGE ZONE 1 ZONE 2 SOLID STATE Protection ZONE 3 USB-C LINK ZONE 4A ZONE 0 Harry Stokman

16 Protocol Current/OS Foundation similar setup like the USB foundation We have setup the foundation to manage the protocols Organization structure in progress There will be entrance for Universities R&D companies for developing products Manufactures Server and Client license structure. Current/OS chipset planned for easy implementation of the protocol Supported by large Enterprise Foundation will become active Q follow Current OS

17 in private life in homes Lofts Strijp-s Eindhoven, 50kW central installation where multiple apartment owners are connected, USB-C, Batteries & Solar -Flexhouse where we working on renovation existing homes Possibly by Prime Energy roofs Heat Pump, PV, ventilation and windows integrated. Safety and reduction of construction.

18 is real The projects done Outdoor (we started this because it s opening the door to the 2 e Grid) Public lighting installed in the Netherlands with as result: More new projects moved into prospect state (based on a business case) Now we talk about bringing other application to the public service grids Enabling new services and possibilities where nobody has thought about

19 Grids expansion and transition 2 e Grid Keep the existing investment alive Electrical Future system at the lowest social cost Bipolar grids running on ±350Vdc and 700Vdc for last mile replacement Enable new services DSO, Healthcare, mobility

20 Icoon project ABN on 350Vdc Current OS 150kW Solar panels on 350Vdc 535X MC 300W USB-C 100W connectors on 350Vdc 48x USB-C 100W 150kW AC/ bidirectional converter 230Vac 2.5kW from 350Vdc 400kWh second live batteries Planned connected by / tot the 350Vdc link 30kW LED lighting in 350Vdc Current Routers 14x 5.5kW(16A) In progress Pulse building TU/d

21 10KV 400VAC transformer and parking PV naar EV 4..5% NET naar EV 3..4% PV naar NET 4..5% AC 10A kW 1.8% Losses The BUS can contain more power than the feeder V 10A -10A 20A 10A kW % Losses None isolated W 3% losses 140x300Wp 42kWp 10A 10A 30A kW % Losses None isolated +/-350V OV 3% losses 2kW 3% Losses Isolated Future Parking 20A 10A kW % Losses None isolated 20A W 3% losses 140x300Wp 42kWp 0A kW 3% Losses Isolated Charging points Simple infrastructure High Safety Congestion management 300x Public lighting 30kW PV integrate at the parking places 1MW peak Small grid connection Ring grid structure Long stay parking V CHaDeMO V CHaDeMO V CHaDeMO V CHaDeMO Eneco, Dynniq, Alliander, Airport Lelystad, Eaton, SOC 80% SOC 40% SOC 70% Option isolated

22 large systems Greenhouse 1.5MW grow light blocks of 700V Next step 1 MW HPS integration directly to the 700V grid In progress with the grid operator grounding issues and at some point move the connection to the grid operator (Alliander) In progress PV installation connected to the main AC/ station

23 project Some other projects Solaroad grid + Micro converters Redstack grid + Converter for Blue Energy Autarkic Public Lighting system in the Amsterdam Harbor users can control the light by an App Solar system on a grid

24 Protection Current OS IS SAFE protection in greenhouses 16A Solid-state Breaker <8us short detection RCD 1 30mA 0.1sec for mA <3msec (IEC ) G3 powerline communication RS485 SCADA control (MODBUS) Current/OS kwh meter Congestion management Priority structure No inrush current Protection of the incoming Arc detection <12W / 700Vdc incl. housekeeping and communication

25 generation micro converter Features Superior performance due to Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) on each PV panel Superior MPPT efficiency >99.9% Electrical efficiency (97%, peak) and (95.8% euro) Parallel software architecture PV panel add-on Power rating 300/310W nominal, 310/330W peak 60/72 and 96 Cells versions (55V or 85V max input voltage) Droop control 350Vdc, 380Vdc available and 700Vdc expected in 2017 Patented 48Vdc safety system PV panel level monitoring Monitoring level safety Solves the negative system impact of: o shading conditions o module mismatch o aging mismatch o soiling mismatch o temperature variance Current OS

26 Connection Wall enclosure >97% efficiency 100W max USB power USB-C socket up to 20V 5A (100W) USB-PD power protocol USB-A socket 5V 1.5A 350Vdc input voltage Current/OS 350Vdc compatible 350V USB-C Wall Socket Next steps for 2017 Domotica Current/OS Power Line Communication Overbooking possible Power delivery device to grid power flow UPS function Distributed batteries Highspeed Ethernet Current OS

27 Safe grid bidirectional AC to AFE 150kW offices use 350V model Isolation transformer Activate from the but In case of batteries UPS function Autarky mode OFF grid in case of batteries Emergency mode Constant Power factor = 1 In Modules of 50kW 50/100/150kw Versions 350Vdc or 700Vdc versions Connection for PV systems Integrated System controller (ARC) Current/OS (voltage & communication In case of multiple modules it puts itself in cascade mode. Auto stepping in steps of 50kW Routing PV power directly to load IGBT based (SiC versions 2018 for improved version) Up to 30 current routers Losses 3.5kW/50kW Direct connection to micro converters for PV up to 500 panels Direct connection for USB-C and LED drivers. PV panel to Load 97% PV panel to grid 91% 700V model Up to 30 current routers Losses 2.6kW/50kW Direct connection to micro converters for PV up to 500 panels 150kWh batteries PV panel to Load 97% PV panel to grid 92% Width 1.2m+ (modules * 0.4m) Height x Depth 2m x 0.6m 48Vdc Safety bus for PV system Intern or External MS-SQL database for logging Current OS Power monitoring

28 public Public lighting on Products and system designed & invented by in public space Management in the cloud Example: We have installed more than 1800 Public Lights of 30, 60W and 90W Started cooperation with Eleq, Lightwell, Luminext and CityTec based on: ±350Vdc Grids N e x t s t op 19: 0 0 B US Current OS Earth fault protection 1..30mA adjustable Cable quality and state is known Lighting protection Smart LED driver with power line communication Smart AC/ and Power Line Communication networks Arcing detection Corrosion protection Fully controlled Smart grid (Current/OS) Power Line Communication G3 protocol connected to the cloud No Breaking Current needed for protection Cable length > 2km HVAC transmission lines area