Extracts from the papers of Sir Charles Wheatstone

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1 Extracts from the papers of Sir Charles Wheatstone WHEATSTONE 1: Working papers, experimental notes and correspondence relating to the development of the electric telegraph, [ ] K/PP107/1/4 [ , 1898] Bundle of papers entitled experimental apparatus-electricity, comprising working notes and correspondence relating mainly to electric telegraph equipment including a letter between James Clerk Maxwell ( ), physicist and Professor of Natural Philosophy, King s College London, and Charles Wheatstone, concerning the quantity of electricity required to charge a wire, 1862; notes on various pieces of electrical apparatus, principally components in the electric telegraph, including the induction relay, finger input key, circuit breakers, and proposed equipment designed to improve the performance of telegraph printers and reduce the power consumption of the telegraph, with rough sketches and illustrations; inventory of telegraphic accessories; instructions for the construction of a portable meteorology station; correspondence by John Frederick William Herschel ( ), mathematician and astronomer, regarding Kew Observatory and academic vacancies at the University of Melbourne, Australia, , [ ]. Correspondence between Alexander Siemens ( ), electrical engineer, and John Cutler ( ), Professor of English Law and Jurisprudence, King s College London, on telegraphic cables, 1898.

2 Page 2 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/2 Letter to Wheatstone from John Frederick William Herschel ( ), physicist, regarding academic vacancies at the University of Melbourne, Australia, 1852 May 1.

3 Page 3 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/3 Letter from Alexander Siemens ( ), electrical engineer at Siemens Brothers & Co, to John Culter QC ( ), Professor of English Law and Jurisprudence at King s College London (1865-[1915]), regarding samples of telegraph cable [see ref: K/PP107/11/1/18], 1898 Jan 11.

4 Page 4 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/4 Letter to William Allen Miller ( ), Professor of Chemistry, King s College London, from Negretti and Zambra, scientific instrument makers, claiming they published a paper on their invention of a deep sea thermometer several years before Professor Miller s paper, 1869 Nov 23, page 1.

5 Page 5 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/4 Letter to William Allen Miller ( ), Professor of Chemistry, King s College London, from Negretti and Zambra, scientific instrument makers, claiming they published a paper on their invention of a deep sea thermometer several years before Professor Miller s paper, 1869 Nov 23, page 2.

6 Page 6 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/6 Photograph of Wheatstone s automatic telegraph transmitter taken by Monsieur Louis, 374 Euston Road, [ ].

7 Page 7 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/7 Letter to Wheatstone from James Clerk Maxwell ( ), Professor of Natural Philosophy at King s College London, , regarding a calculation of the amount of electricity needed for charging a particular wire, 1862 Mar 4, page 1.

8 Page 8 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/7 Letter to Wheatstone from James Clerk Maxwell ( ), Professor of Natural Philosophy at King s College London, , regarding a calculation of the amount of electricity needed for charging a particular wire, 1862 Mar 4, page 2.

9 Page 9 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/7 Letter to Wheatstone from James Clerk Maxwell ( ), Professor of Natural Philosophy at King s College London, , regarding a calculation of the amount of electricity needed for charging a particular wire, 1862 Mar 4, page 3.

10 Page 10 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/10 Notes describing an induction relay as part of Wheatstone s automatic telegraph [ ].

11 Page 11 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/11 Notes describing measuring the velocity of electricity through a wire, [ ], pages 1 and 2.

12 Page 12 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/11 notes describing measuring the velocity of electricity through a wire, [ ], pages 3 and 4.

13 Page 13 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/12 Rough notes describing a printing telegraph, [ ].

14 Page 14 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/13 Notes describing a printing telegraph, [ ].

15 Page 15 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/14 Notes and rough diagram showing a magnetic key for the line printer with alternate currents, [ ], page 1.

16 Page 16 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/14 Notes and rough diagram showing a magnetic key for the line printer with alternate currents, [ ], page 2.

17 Page 17 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/15 Rough sketch by John Matthias Augustus Stroh ( ), telegraph engineer and inventor, showing battery cells, [ ].

18 Page 18 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/16 Drawing of a portable telegraph switch housed in a wooden box, [ ].

19 Page 19 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/17 Drawing of a telegraph key or switch, [ ].

20 Page 20 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/19 Notes and rough diagram of a new magneto-electric Telegraph with finger keys, [ ].

21 Page 21 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/20 Notes describing improvements to Wheatstone s telegraph through the use of strips of perforated papers, [ ], page 1.

22 Page 22 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/20 Notes describing improvements to Wheatstone s telegraph through the use of strips of perforated papers, [ ], page 2.

23 Page 23 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/21 Rough diagram showing Mr [Augustus] Stroh s [( ), telegraph engineer and inventor] method of directing mechanical power to work perforations, 1868 May 13.

24 Page 24 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/22 Note with sketch diagrams describing a telegraph by direct rotation, [ ].

25 Page 25 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/24 Notes describing The Corrector an instrument to ensure the indicator on a telegraph receiver shows the correct letters even when a message is sent rapidly, [ ], page 1.

26 Page 26 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/24 Notes describing The Corrector an instrument to ensure the indicator on a telegraph receiver shows the correct letters even when a message is sent rapidly, [ ], page 2.

27 Page 27 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/26 Notes describing an automatic printing telegraph similar to a typewriter in which Wheatstone suggests that the letters should not be arranged alphabetically written on reverse of a printed flyer for the St Marylebone and Paddington Association, [ ].

28 Page 28 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/27 Note describing a writing telegraph with a single gear or marker, [ ].

29 Page 29 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/29 Notes describing an automatic telegraph receiver to print Morse code, [ ], page 1.

30 Page 30 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/29 Notes describing an automatic telegraph receiver to print Morse code, [ ], page 2.

31 Page 31 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/31 List of apparatus and descriptions including rheotomes, rheotropes and pendulums, [ ], page 1.

32 Page 32 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/31 List of apparatus and descriptions including rheotomes, rheotropes and pendulums, [ ], page 2.

33 Page 33 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/33 Notes and sketch diagram describing Latent Power in a Counterpoize Battery in relation to powering telegraph apparatus, [ ], page 1.

34 Page 34 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/33 Notes and sketch diagram describing Latent Power in a Counterpoize Battery in relation to powering telegraph apparatus, [ ], page 2.

35 Page 35 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/35 Notes describing Wheatstone s Magneto-electric field Telegraph, [ ].

36 Page 36 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/38 Drawing of three-fingered telegraph key, [ ].

37 Page 37 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/39 Description of an idea for a telegraph based on the curves and vibrations produced by Wheatstone s wave machine, [ ], page 1.

38 Page 38 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/39 Description of an idea for a telegraph based on the curves and vibrations produced by Wheatstone s wave machine, [ ], page 2.

39 Page 39 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/40 Notes describing an extremely rapid Reading Telegraph, [ ].

40 Page 40 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/41 Note saying, In all Electric Telegraphs, hitherto invented, which present the characters successively to the eye, the rapidity of reading is limited by the time necessary for the eye to dwell on each successive character, [ ].

41 Page 41 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/42 Rough diagram by John Matthias Augustus Stroh ( ), telegraph engineer and inventor, of a toothed cog attached to an electromagnet [ ].

42 Page 42 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/43 Sketch diagrams showing key relays of unequal currents on reverse of a letter of receipt from John Mare from Taunton [according to 1871 census an investor in m[e]s[sa]ges ], [1869], page 1.

43 Page 43 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/43 Sketch diagrams showing key relays of unequal currents on reverse of a letter of receipt from John Mare from Taunton [according to 1871 census an investor in m[e]s[sa]ges ], 1869 Jul 16, page 2.

44 Page 44 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/44 Sketches of various apparatus including William Fothergill Cooke ( ) and Wheatstone s five needle telegraph, a bell receiver, a Wheatstone bridge and Bain s apparatus [Alexander Bain ( ), clockmaker and inventor], [ ].

45 Page 45 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/45 Notes describing an optical telegraph or electromagnetic telegraph, [ ], page 1.

46 Page 46 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/45 Notes describing an optical telegraph or electromagnetic telegraph, [ ], page 2.

47 Page 47 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/46 Colour drawing of Wheatstone s automatic telegraph transmitter, [1858].

48 Page 48 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/47 Notes describing a recording telegraph using a moving stylus, [ ].

49 Page 49 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/48 Notes describing improvements for a telegraph dial, [ ], page 1.

50 Page 50 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/48 Notes describing improvements for a telegraph dial, [ ], page 2.

51 Page 51 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/50 Notes describing the possibility of a telegraph with a detent but without an escapement and telegraphic communication between remote parts of London; on reverse of flyer for a raffle to win a portrait of Michael Faraday ( ), physicist, [1835].

52 Page 52 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/54 Notes describing an invention to enable the indicator of a large dial to be moved rapidly with the same certainty as the indicators of the small dials usually employed, [ ].

53 Page 53 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/60 Draft letter to Lyon Playfair ( ), politician and chemist, on reverse of a draft letter to John Tyndall ( ), physicist, page 1.

54 Page 54 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/60 Draft letter to Lyon Playfair ( ), politician and chemist, on reverse of a draft letter to John Tyndall ( ), physicist, page 2.

55 Page 55 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/61 List of experiments using various telegraphic apparatus written by John Matthias Augustus Stroh ( ), telegraph engineer and inventor, [ ], page 1.

56 Page 56 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/61 List of experiments using various telegraphic apparatus written by John Matthias Augustus Stroh ( ), telegraph engineer and inventor, [ ], page 2.

57 Page 57 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/62 List of electrical apparatus made by John Matthias Augustus Stroh ( ), telegraph engineer and inventor, including galvanometers, dischargers, rheometers, and electrometers [ ].

58 Page 58 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/63 List of items for the Meteorological Register including the preparation of a syphon barometer and wet and dry thermometers, a report by a committee consisting of Wheatstone, John Frederic Daniell ( ), Professor of Chemistry at King s College London, and William Snow Harris ( ), natural philosopher, a telegraph thermometer and a report of the Balloon Committee, 1843 Jul 3, page 1.

59 Page 59 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/63 List of items for the Meteorological Register including the preparation of a syphon barometer and wet and dry thermometers, a report by a committee consisting of Wheatstone, John Frederic Daniell ( ), Professor of Chemistry at King s College London, and William Snow Harris ( ), natural philosopher, a telegraph thermometer and a report of the Balloon Committee, 1843 Jul 8, page 2.

60 Page 60 of 60 K/PP107/1/4/63 List of items for the Meteorological Register including the preparation of a syphon barometer and wet and dry thermometers, a report by a committee consisting of Wheatstone, John Frederic Daniell ( ), Professor of Chemistry at King s College London, and William Snow Harris ( ), natural philosopher, a telegraph thermometer and a report of the Balloon Committee, 1843 Jul 3, page 3.

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