The first day of the workshop ended at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday, May 17, 2012.

Transcription

1 IEEE SCC21 Standards Development IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems Workshop Meeting Minutes May 17-18, 2012, Piscataway, NJ The IEEE 1547 workshop was held at IEEE Headquarters in Piscataway, NJ, on May 17-18, As stated in the call notice for the workshop: The purpose of this workshop was to determine whether changes to the {1547} standards are needed at this time. IEEE Std 1547 has had a significant effect on how the energy industry does business, and it will continue to influence the way our electric power systems operate far into the future. The standard was approved by the IEEE Standards Board in June 2003, approved and as an American National Standard in October 2003, and reaffirmed in Under Section 1254 of the USA Federal Energy Policy Act of 2005: "Interconnection services shall be offered based upon the standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: IEEE Standard 1547 for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems, as they may be amended from time to time. Technical ideas were solicited prior to the meeting, specifically requesting submitters to cite the related IEEE Std 1547 and/or IEEE Std clause and provide the technical rationale for their ideas. The workshop agenda (Attachment A - Agenda) was presented by Dick DeBlasio, IEEE SCC21 Chair, who welcomed the participants and explained the workshop expectations (Attachment B Workshop Expectations, and Attachment C - Attendees). Tom Basso, IEEE SCC21 Representative, Vice Chair and Secretary, presented an overview of the 1547 Family of Standards and examples of 1547 implementation (Attachment D 1547 Family of Standards). DeBlasio then gave a summary overview of technical ideas that were submitted prior to the meeting (Attachment E Technical Ideas Summary). There were 23 individuals who provided a total of 81 technical idea submittals. The meeting then focused on the presentations given by those individuals who submitted that information prior to the meeting to help clarify their technical ideas submittals (Attachment F Technical Ideal Presentations). After the presentations concluded, the attendees reviewed all of the technical ideas submitted. Attendees generally agreed there was sufficient enough reasons to consider opening IEEE 1547 and IEEE up for revision. Dick DeBlasio requested each person consider overnight their top priority change desired as a revision to IEEE Std The first day of the workshop ended at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday, May 17, On May 18, the workshop opened with Dick DeBlasio requesting everyone to document their top priority for a change to 1547; attendees wrote that on poster paper (Attachment G 1547 Workshop Attendees Priority Topics for 1547 Change). While the topics were being written, Joan Woolery, from IEEE presented information on the procedural changes that occurred as a result of the IEEE elimination of reaffirmation and stabilization (Attachment H Elimination of Reaffirmation and Stabilization) in January 2012.

2 After Woolery s presentation, the written priority topics were discussed among the attendees. The three topics most documented by the attendees are: Voltage regulation (IEEE Std 1547 clause 4.1 General requirements sub-clause Voltage regulation, Voltage ride through (IEEE Std 1547 clause 4.2 Response to Area EPS abnormal conditions sub-clause Voltage), and Frequency ride through (IEEE Std 1547 clause 4.2 Response to Area EPS abnormal conditions sub-clause Frequency). DeBlasio presented the following options for next steps based on the following: (1) Do nothing now current IEEE Std 1547 must be addressed prior to end of year 2018 (see J. Woolery slides); (2) Establish an IEEE PAR (project authorization request) now as an amendment (limited) to address only the three topics for change identified above (voltage regulation, voltage ride through, and frequency ride through); Note: by 2018 IEEE Std 1547 and any amendments such as the outcome of this amendment must be addressed/ prior to 2018 (see J. Woolery presentation); or, (3) Establish an IEEE PAR now to consider an open/full revision of IEEE Std 1547 addressing all topics from this workshop, and other considerations that may be brought forward during such 1547 open/full revision process; to be completed by 2018 (see J. Woolery slides). Dick then requested attendees indicate by a show hands what their immediate, informal preference would be for moving forward with potential changes to The audience responded that: (i) about 90% felt revisions to 1547 were desirable, (ii) about two-thirds would participate in a working group, (iii) about half felt an amendment would be first desirable (as opposed to an immediate full revision approach) and, (iv) about two-thirds felt changes to were desirable. The attendees were informed that DeBlasio would hold a meeting or webinar of the SCC21 officers to bring the workshop findings and priorities to the SCC21 officers for their comments and feedback on proceeding with changes to IEEE Std 1547 and/or IEEE The results of the 1547 workshop and status of the SCC21 officers deliberations will be documented and distributed in a timely manner. The workshop ended at approximately 11:00 AM on Friday, May 18, Respectfully submitted, Dick DeBlasio, SCC21 chair and Tom Basso, SCC21 secretary.

3 Attachment A Agenda IEEE 1547 Workshop Agenda 8:00 am to 8:30 am Sign In Thursday, May 17, :30 am to 9:00 am Welcome Dick DeBlasio, Jim Pendergrass (invited), Judy Gorman (invited), Bill Ash 9:00 am to 9:30 am Workshop Expectations, Dick DeBlasio 9:30 am to 10:00 am 1547 Family of Standards, examples of 1547 implementation Tom Basso 10:00 am to 10:30 pm Break 10:30 am to 11:00 pm 11:00 am to 12:00 pm Overview of Industry Suggestions Technical Ideas Dick DeBlasio Technical Ideas Submittals: Clarification Tom Basso 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm Lunch 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm Technical Ideas Submittals: Clarification Tom Basso 3:00 pm to 3:30 pm Break 3:30 pm to 4:30 pm 4:30 pm to 5:00 pm Technical Ideas Submittals: Clarification Tom Basso Tomorrow s Expectations Dick DeBlasio Friday, May 18, :00 am to 8:30 am Sign In 8:30 am to 10:30 am Is there a convergence of technical ideas? Are the recommendations and rationale transparent? Dick DeBlasio, Tom Basso 10:30 am to 11:00 am Break 11:00 am to 12:00 pm Next Steps Dick DeBlasio, Tom Basso, Bill Ash Meeting Adjourned Thank You!

4 IEEE SA SCC Workshop Expectations Planned Outcome of IEEE SA SCC21 Workshop Provide workshop outcome information that substantiate a need to revise 1547 to the IEEE SA SCC21 committee at its next meeting or sooner for consideration regarding further deliberation and path forward. May 17-18, 2012 IEEE Standards Office, Piscataway, New Jersey Dick DeBlasio, IEEE SCC21 Chair Tom Basso, IEEE SCC21 Vice Chair The IEEE SA SCC21 Chair and Vice Chair will coordinate these proceedings and announce the results and further action where appropriate. Purpose of IEEE SA SCC21 Workshop How the IEEE-SA Fits Organizationally within IEEE Provide a Forum to Dialogue and Understanding of the Current Status of IEEE 1547 MEMBERS Board of Directors Executive Committee Exec Director & Staff Identify Technical Concepts and Ideas Publication Activities IEEE-USA Educational Activities Member & Geographic Activities Standards Association Technical Activities Provide Technical Recommendations Provide Technical Rationale and Basis Supporting Recommendations IEEE 1547 Workshop Agenda Thursday, May 17, :00 am to 8:30 am Sign In Welcome 8:30 am to 9:00 am Dick DeBlasio, SCC21 Chair, Jim Pendergrass (invited), Judy Gorman (invited), Bill Ash, IEEE HQ Workshop Expectations, Dick DeBlasio 9:00 am to 9:30 am IEEE standards: protocols and use, Bill Ash 1547 Family of Standards, examples of 1547 implementation 9:30 am to 10:00 am Tom Basso 10:00 am to 10:30 pm Break Overview of Industry Suggestions Technical Ideas 10:30 am to 11:00 pm Dick DeBlasio Technical Ideas Submittals: Clarification 11:00 am to 12:00 pm Tom Basso 12:00 pm to 1:00 pm Lunch Technical Ideas Submittals: Clarification 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm Tom Basso 3:00 pm to 3:30 pm Break Technical Ideas Submittals: Clarification 3:30 pm to 4:30 pm Tom Basso Tomorrow s Expectations 4:30 pm to 5:00 pm Dick DeBlasio Friday, May 18, :00 am to 8:30 am Sign In Is there a convergence of technical ideas? Are the recommendations and rationale transparent? 8:30 am to 10:30 am Dick DeBlasio, Tom Basso 10:30 am to 11:00 am Break Next Steps 11:00 am to 12:00 pm Dick DeBlasio, Tom Basso, Bill Ash Meeting Adjourned Thank You! Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE is an international technical professional society Membership - more than 375,000 individual electrical, electronics and computer engineers from 147 countries One of the pre-eminent standards bodies in the U.S. 1

5 IEEE-SA Governance Structure Standards Board (SASB) Standards Process SCC Oversight Standards Working Groups/ Projects Board of Governors (BOG) Legal & fiduciary, strategy, policy, finance, Bus Dev, International, Appeals, Awards Corporate Advisory Group (CAG) Corporate Program Strategy Sponsor Sponsors Societies, Standards Coordinating Committees, CAG, etc. ISTO IEEE-SA Standards Board Encourages and coordinates the development and revision of IEEE standards Approves the initiation of IEEE standards projects Reviews IEEE standards projects for consensus, due process, openness, and balance Gives final approval to IEEE standards prior to publication and processes all necessary appeals. Standards Coordinating Committees (SCC) When the scope of an activity is too broad to be encompassed in a single IEEE Society, the IEEE-SA Standards Board will establish its own standards developing committee (SCC) to perform this function when necessary. (Note: An SCC reports directly to the Standards Board. There are over 15 SCC active committee s. SCC21 is one of these committees and has been operating since 1981) The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Standards Association (IEEE-SA) is the leading developer of global standards in a broad range of industries Power and Energy Biomedical and Healthcare Information Technology Telecommunications Transportation Nanotechnology Information Assurance 44 IEEE Technical Societies For over a century, the IEEE-SA has offered an established standards development program that features balance, openness, due process, and consensus. IEEE Standards Board Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC21) 11 IEEE SCC21 - SCOPE The IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 oversees the development of standards in the areas of fuel cells, photovoltaics, dispersed generation, and energy storage, and coordinates efforts in these fields among the various IEEE societies and other affected organizations to insure that all standards are consistent and properly reflect the views of all applicable disciplines. Reviews all proposed IEEE standards in these fields before their submission to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval and coordinates submission to other organizations. IEEE Standards Development Approach Voluntary Consensus Standard - Hallmark of the standards process - Open to all dedicated parties - IEEE ballot member categories: General Interest, Producer, User Early History of SCC21 (since 1981) Developed a body of PV Standards; Incorporated SCC23 DG Guide IEEE 1001 and activities into SCC21 in 2000; published in late 1980 s IEEE 929 (SCC21 Interconnection Recommended Practice) in response to PURPA (1978); and established IEEE 1547 in 2003 in response to deregulation and interconnection needs by DG industry. Worldwide Recognition - IEEE and International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) dual logo arrangement for IEC to accept IEEE standards for international use IEEE SCC21 Officers/Committee (November 22, 2011) R. DeBlasio IEEE SA SCC21 Chair Member IEEE Standards Association Board of Governors; IEEE SA Liaison to U.S. DOE; and IEEE SA Liaison to NIST Smart Grid Project T. S. Basso IEEE SA SCC21 Vice-Chair and Secretary; 2030 Secretary, NREL W. Ash IEEE SCC21 Staff Liaison and Director of IEEE Smart Grid Strategic Initiative/Planning IEEE SA SCC21 Committee R. DeBlasio (chair 1457, 2030) T. Basso (SCC21 vice chair/secretary; 1547/2030 secretary, co-chair; NREL D. Bassett (Vice Chair ; Co-Chair P1547.8; PPL Electric Utilities) J. Bzura (Vice Chair P1547.6; U.S. National Grid) J. Daley (Chair ; consultant, retired ASCO Power Technologies) D. Dawson (PES; consultant; retired Southern California Edison Corp.) F. Goodman (Chair ; 1547 co-chair; San Diego Gas & Electric Corp.) K. Hecht (Fuel Cells) Y. Hou (P Chair) G. Johnson (Protection Relay Committee; Basler Electric Co.) J. Koepfinger (Chair ; 1547 co-chair; IEEE SA Board Member Emeritus/PES; retired Duquesne Power & Light) B. Kroposki (Chair ; NREL) P. McNutt (PV Storage/Batteries) T. Prevost (Vice Chair 2030; Weidmann Diagnostic Solutions, Inc.) M. Reidy (P Chair; U.S. National Grid) C. Rogers (NERC standards; Consumers Energy) R. Saint (Chair and P1547.7; National Rural Electric Cooperative Association) M. Siira (Chair P2030.2; Kohler Corp) T. Zgonena (UL Liaison; UL) 2

6 IEEE SCC Body of Interconnection Standards Fostering Technological Innovation and Excellence For The Benefit Of Humanity Thank You IEEE 2030 Smart Grid Interoperabiltiy Series of Standards 2030 Smart Grid Interoperability Body of Standards IEEE SCC21 Standards, Projects, and Work Group Chairs IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage IEEE - SA STANDARDS BOARD IEEE STANDARDS COORDINATING COMMITTEE SCC21 FUEL CELLS, PHOTOVOLTAICS, DISPERSED GENERATION AND ENERGY STORAGE Work Group (WG), IEEE Standard (Std.), Project (P), and Project Authorization Request (PAR) 14 WG Chair IEEE SCC21 Standards Activity Development Status R. DeBlasio IEEE Std 1547 (2003, reaffirmed 2008) Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems (American National Standard recognition) J. Daley IEEE Std (2005; reaffirmed 20101) Standard For Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems (American National Standard recognition) R. Saint IEEE Std (2008) Application Guide for IEEE Std Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems (American National Standard recognition) F. Goodman IEEE Std (2007) Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of Distributed Resources Interconnected With Electric Power Systems (American National Standard recognition) B. Kroposki (2011) Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems M. N. Satyanarayan P Draft Technical Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater than 10MVA to the Power Transmission Grid. - PAR withdrawn 2011 J. L. Koepfinger (2011) Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks R. Saint P Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection D. L. Bassett & T. P Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Basso (Co-Chairs) Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard 1547 IEEE Standards Classification 1. Standards: documents with mandatory requirements (shall) 2. Recommended Practices: documents in which procedures and positions preferred by the IEEE are presented (should) 3. Guides: documents in which alternative approaches to good practice are suggested but no clear-cut recommendations are made (may) R. DeBlasio 2030 (2011) Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), and End- Use Applications and Loads M. Reidy P Draft Guide for Electric-Sourced Transportation Infrastructure M. Siira P Draft Guide for the Interoperability of Energy Storage Systems Integrated with the Electric Power Infrastructure Y. Hou P Standard for Test Procedures for Electric Energy Storage Equipment and Systems for Electric Power Systems Applications B. Kroposki IEEE Std 1526 (2003) Recommended Practice For Testing the Performance Of Stand Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems - standard reaffirmed 2009 P. McNutt IEEE Std. 937 (2007) IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Lead-Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems P. McNutt IEEE Std (2007) IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Lead-Acid Batteries for Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems P. McNutt IEEE Std 1361 (2003) Guide For The Selection, Test And Evaluation of Lead Acid Batteries For Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems PAR Jan 2009; revision underway P. McNutt IEEE Std 1561 (2007) Guide For Optimizing the Performance and Life of Lead-Acid Batteries in Remote Hybrid Power Systems P. McNutt IEEE Std 1562 (2007) Guide For Array and Battery Sizing In Stand-Alone Photovoltaic (PV) Systems; revision underway P. McNutt IEEE Std 1661 (2007) Guide For Test and Evaluation of Lead-acid Batteries Used in Photovoltaic (PV) Hybrid Power Systems 18 3

7 Inactive IEEE SCC21 Stds and Projects IEEE P926 project Draft Standard for Terrestrial Photovoltaic Systems Power Test and Power-Energy Performance Ratings IEEE P927 project Interim Recommended Practice for Terrestrial Photovoltaic Systems Electrical Power/Energy Performance Calculations IEEE Std. 928 (1986) IEEE Recommended Criteria for Terrestrial PV Power Systems -- withdrawn 12/2004 IEEE Std. 929 (2000) Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems withdrawn 9/2006 IEEE Std IEEE Guide for Interfacing Dispersed Storage and Generation Facilities With Electric Utility Systems - withdrawn 5/1996 IEEE Std IEEE Recommended Practice for the Utility Interconnection of Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems - withdrawn 5/1996 IEEE Std IEEE Recommended Practice: Test Procedure for Utility Interconnected Static Power Converters -- withdrawn 5/95 IEEE Std IEEE Recommended Practice for the Electrical Design and Operation of Windfarm Generating Stations -- withdrawn 1/ P1373 Draft Recommended Practice for Field Test Methods and Procedures for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Systems -- PAR withdrawn IEEE Std IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Nickel/Cadmium Batteries for Photovoltaic Applications -- withdrawn; ongoing IEEE projects incorporated these topics IEEE Std IEEE Recommended Practice For Installation and Maintenance of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for PV Systems - withdrawn 12/2004 P1146 project Recommended Practice on Grounding of Batteries and Battery Subsystems in PV Systems IEEE Std IEEE Recommended Practice For Qualification Of Photovoltaic (PV) Modules - revision lapsed as per WG recommendation IEEE Std IEEE Guide for Terrestrial Photovoltaic Power System Safety -- revision lapsed as per WG recommendation P1479 Draft Recommended Practice For The Evaluation of Photovoltaic (PV) Module Energy Production -- PAR approved Sept 1996; lapsed due to lack of industry participation IEEE Std (2001) Recommended Practice for Qualification of Concentrator Photovoltaic (PV) Receiver Sections and Modules withdrawn 12/2006 P1611 Draft Recommended Practice for Characterizing Solar Tracker Controllers Used for Solar Electric Systems -- PAR approved 3/2002; withdrawn 12/

8 Attachment C Attendees First Name Last Name Company Name Rasool Aghatehrani Sunedison Hussam Alatrash Petra Solar Robert Arritt EPRI Bill Ash IEEE Mark Baldassari Enphase Energy Jeremy Baranoski Solectria Renewables, LLC David Bassett Consultant Thomas Basso National Renewable Energy Laboratory David Beach Portland General Electric Ryan Boudreau Hydro One Networks Inc Michael Brigandi NSTAR Matt Ceglia IEEE Mike Coddington NREL Nancy Connelly Duke Energy James M. Daley Facilities Electrical Consultijng Services Mamadou Diong Dominion Virginia Power Dick DeBlasio NREL Eric Every Solectria Renewables, LLC Omar Faruque FSU Rhys Foster A123 Systems John Foster Advanced Energy Motoko Furukawa MRK International Andris Garsils National Grid Lawrence Gelbien NSTAR Electric Sigifredo Gonzalez Sandia National Laboratories Mark Goodreau Solectria Renewables, LLC Joshua Hambrick NREL Allen Hefner NIST Chris Herman Arizona Publice Service Taylor Hollis SMA Masoud Honarvar Nazari Carnegie Mellon University Soonwook Hong Solectria Renewables.com Lu Jiang Solectria Renewables, LLC Thomas Key EPRI Yuri Khersonsky Consultant Soo Kim IEEE Connie Komomua NREL Frederic Kracke Schneider-Electric Brian Lydic Fronius USA

9 Kevin Lynn Department of Energy Barry Mather National Renewable Energy Laboratory Paul McCurley NRECA Tom McDermott MelTran, Inc Bill Moncrief EnerNex Bee Morton Pepco Holdings Inc. Robert Nelson Siemens Kristen Nicole EPRI Alvin Razon DOE EERE SETP Jim Reilly Reilly Associates D. Tom Rizy ORNL, UT-Battelle Dan Sammon Con Edison Owen Schelenz General Electric Rich Scroggins Cummins Power Generati9on Brian Seal EPRI Gary Smullin Smullin Engineering, Inc. Wayne Stec Distregen, LLC Steve Steffel Pepco Holdings, Inc. Chase Sun PG&E Terry Therasammal Solectria Renewables, LLC Sylvester Toe Georgia Power Company Reigh Walling General Electric Keith Walters One Energy LLC Robert White Power-One, Inc. Dale Williston Willioston & Assoc. Inc. Joan Woolery IEEE Nicolas Wrathall Kinectrics Il Do Yoo Solectria Renewables, LLC Tim Zgonena UL Michael Zuercher-Martinson Solectria Renewables, LLC

10 IEEE 1547 Workshop May 17-18, 2012 (Piscataway NJ) 1547 Family of Standards and Examples of IEEE 1547 Implementation SCC21 Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation and Energy Storage Tom Basso IEEE SCC21 Vice Chair and Dick DeBlasio, IEEE SCC21 Chair, IEEE SA Board of Governors member, and IEEE SA Liaison to DOE and NIST IEEE 1547 Series Standards (spring 2012) Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources (DR) with Electric Power Systems (EPS) Reaffirmed in Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Reaffirmed in Application Guide for IEEE1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange and Control of DR Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resources Island Systems with Electric Power Systems { Micro grids } P Draft Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater { Than 10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid December 2011} Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources With Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks P Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for DR Interconnection P Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Std 1547 IEEE Std 1547 history (as of April 2012) 230 ballot members approved IEEE Std total of 444 working group and ballot members IEEE Standards Board approved1547 (spring 2003) 1547 series of standards approved and published in following/various years 1547 reaffirmed IEEE 1547 mandatory IEEE review due series ongoing activities: - P (DR impacts) - P (expanded use of IEEE 1547) - IEEE 1547 Workshop (technical ideas and rationale) 3 ANSI/IEEE Standard 1547 (2003, reaffirmed 2008) IEEE Std (2005; reaffirmed 2011) IEEE Std (application guide to IEEE 1547) 1 2 3Overview, Definitions, References 4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements:. General Requirements. Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions. Power Quality. Islanding 5.0 Test Specifications and Requirements:. DesignTests. Production Tests. Interconnection Installation Evaluation. Commissioning Tests. Periodic Interconnection Tests 4 Standard for Conformance Test Procedures specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std Figure 1 Boundaries between the interconnection system, EPS and DR. 5 background and rationale of {IEEE 1547} technical requirements are discussed Presented... are technical descriptions, schematics, applications guidance, and interconnection examples to enhance the use of IEEE Thermal loads DR unit (Prime movers, generator, storage TAT unit (heat recovery, TAT Unit cooling, (heat recovery, storage) cooling, storage) AC loads Power distribution DR unit electric generator DR control DR monitoring/ metering DC loads Power conversion, DR protective relaying, DR paralleling switch Dispatch and control Interconnection system (within dashed lines) Local EPS protective relaying Power flow Thermal flow Operational control Transfer switch or paralleling switchgear Figure A.1 Functional diagram of an interconnection system Point of common coupling Meter Area EPS protective relaying Area EPS power system ( g rid) Area EPS 6 IEEE SCC standards: April 24, 2012 panel T. Basso (NREL) pg 1

11 Interconnection Implementation Challenge: Putting the Pieces Together Technical Standards Energy Policy Act (2005) Cites and requires consideration of IEEE 1547 Standards and Best Practices for Interconnection. Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) Established NIST as Lead to Coordinate Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards and Protocols; IEEE also stated as a standards development organization partner. Federal ARRA (2009): Smart Grid and High Penetration DER projects. NREL ESIF (Energy Systems Integration Facility, 2012) Multi MW and High Performance Computing R&D & Test Facility. IEEE 1547 Interconnection Standards Use: Federal, Regional, State and Local Authorities/Jurisdictions Testing & Certification Interconnection Procedures and Agreements PJM* Small Generator Interconnection Standards Summary Overview (Gen 10 MW, and, 10 20MW) 1547 Std technical requirements 1547 based test requirements Design Test (may be pre certified) Production Test Installation Evaluation Commissioning Test Periodic Testing (per PJM tariff requirements) PJM SCADA option available Other Requirements e.g. PJM EPS owner voltage regulation e.g., PJM EPS metering e.g. other National / local codes Purpose for adopting PJM wide technical standards based on 1547: Limit barriers to interconnection Provide transparency Allow for pre certification and other means to expedite interconnection process *PJM is a regional transmission organization with over 140 GW load; 165 GW generating capacity 16 ANSI/IEEE Standard 1547 (2003, reaffirmed 2008) 1 2 3Overview, Definitions, References 4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements:. General Requirements. Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions. Power Quality. Islanding 5.0 Test Specifications and Requirements:. DesignTests. Production Tests. Interconnection Installation Evaluation. Commissioning Tests. Periodic Interconnection Tests 17 IEEE 1547 IS: IEEE 1547 Is NOT: IEEE is: Test Procedures for Conformance to1547 A Technical Standard Functional Requirements For the interconnection itself the interconnection test Technology neutral, e.g., does not specify particular equipment nor type A single (whole) document of mandatory, uniform, universal, requirements that apply at the PCC. Should be sufficient for most installations. a design handbook an application guide an interconnection agreement prescriptive, e.g., does not address DR self protection, nor planning, designing, operating, or maintaining the Area EPS. 18 IEEE SCC standards: April 24, 2012 panel T. Basso (NREL) pg 3

12 IEEE 1547 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 1.0 OVERVIEW 1.1 Scope 1.2 Purpose Uniform standard requirements 1.3 Limitations 10 MVA or less 2.0 REFERENCES 3.0 DEFINITIONS IEEE 1547 Definitions Distributed Resource (DR) sources of electric power that are not directly connected to a bulk power transmission system. DR includes both generators and energy storage technologies. Electric Power System (EPS) facilities that deliver power to a load Area EPS: An EPS that serves Local EPSs. Interconnection the result of the process of adding a DR unit to an area EPS Interconnection Equipment individual or multiple devices used in an interconnection system Interconnection System the collection of all interconnection equipment, taken as a group, used to interconnect a DR unit(s) to an area EPS point of common coupling (PCC) the point where a Local EPS is connected to an Area EPS. Load Local EPS Interconnection Terms Area Electric Power System (EPS) PCC DR unit Point of Common Coupling (PCC) Point of DR Connection Local EPS 2 DR unit Point of DR Connection Local EPS 3 Load PCC Note: There can be any number of Local EPSs. 21 Std 1547: Interconnection Is The Focus Distributed Resource (DR) unit Interconnection System Area Electric Power System (EPS) IEEE Std 1547: Interconnection system requirements & specifications, and test requirements & specifications ; generally, the 1547 requirements apply at the point of common coupling however the equipment or devices to meet the requirements may be located elsewhere. 22 IEEE Std INTERCONNECTION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 4.1 General Requirements 4.2 Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions 4.3 Power Quality 4.4 Islanding 5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Design Test 5.2 Production Tests 5.3 Interconnection Installation Evaluation 5.4 Commissioning Tests 5.5 Periodic Interconnection Tests ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) BIBLIOGRAPHY Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements 4.1 General Requirements Voltage Regulation Integration with Area EPS Grounding Synchronization DR on Secondary Grid and Spot Networks Inadvertent Energizing of the Area EPS Monitoring Provisions Isolation Device Interconnect Integrity 24 IEEE SCC standards: April 24, 2012 panel T. Basso (NREL) pg 4

13 4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications and Requirements (cont d) 4.2 Response to Area EPS Abnormal Conditions Area EPS Faults Area EPS Reclosing Coordination Voltage Frequency Loss of Synchronism Reconnection to Area EPS 4.0 Interconnection Technical Specifications & Requirements (end) 4.3 Power Quality Limitation of DC Injection Limitation of Voltage Flicker Induced by the DR Harmonics 4.4 Islanding Unintentional Islanding Intentional Islanding 5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Design Test Abnormal voltage and frequency Synchronization Interconnection integrity Unintentional islanding Limitation of DC injection Harmonics INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECS AND REQS (cont d) 5.0 INTERCONNECTION TEST SPECS AND REQS (end) THANK YOU! 5.2 Production Tests Meet requirements of: response to abnormal voltage and frequency synchronization may be performed at the factory or at time of commissioning 5.3 Interconnection Installation Evaluation Grounding Integration with area EPS Isolation Device Monitoring provisions Area EPS faults Area EPS reclosing coordination Commissioning Tests Visual Inspection Operability test on the isolation device Unintentional islanding functionality test Cease to energize functionality test 5.5 Periodic Interconnection Tests All interconnection-related protective functions and associated batteries Annex A. Bibliography 29 {Background slides of 1547 family of standards scope and purpose follows} Tom Basso, Senior Engineer (303) NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Distributed Energy Systems Integration Group Electricity, Resources and Building Systems Integration Center NREL Tom Basso: Vice Chair for IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC21) SCC21: Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, & Energy Storage - IEEE 1547 series of Smart Grid Interconnection and - IEEE 2030 series of Smart Grid interoperability standards and - IEEE PV standards, 30 IEEE SCC standards: April 24, 2012 panel T. Basso (NREL) pg 5

14 Current Current SCC21 SCC21 Interconnection Interconnection Standards Projects Title Scope & Purpose IEEE Std 1547 TM (2003, 2008 reaffirmed) Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems IEEE Std TM (2005, reaffirmed 2011) Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems This Standard establishes criteria and requirements for interconnection of distributed resources (DR) with electric power systems (EPS). This document provides a uniform standard for interconnection of distributed resources with electric power systems. It provides requirements relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety considerations, and maintenance of the interconnection. This Standard specifies the type, production, and commissioning tests that shall be performed to demonstrate that interconnection functions and equipment of a distributed resource (DR) conform to IEEE Std Interconnection equipment that connects distributed resources (DR) to an electric power system (EPS) must meet the requirements specified in IEEE Standard Standardized test procedures are necessary to establish and verify compliance with those requirements. These test procedures must provide both repeatable results, independent of test location, and flexibility to accommodate a variety of DR technologies. Current Current SCC21 SCC21 Interconnection Interconnection Standards Projects Title Scope and Purpose IEEE Std TM (2008) Application Guide for IEEE Standard 1547 for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems This Guide provides technical background and application details to support the understanding of IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. This document facilitates the use of IEEE 1547 by characterizing the various forms of distributed resource technologies and the associated interconnection issues. Additionally, the background and rationale of the technical requirements are discussed in terms of the operation of the distributed resource interconnection with the electric power system. Presented in the document are technical descriptions and schematics, applications guidance and interconnection examples to enhance the use of IEEE IEEE Std TM This document provides guidelines for monitoring, information (2007) Guide for exchange, and control for distributed resources (DR) Monitoring, interconnected with electric power systems (EPS). Information This document facilitates the interoperability of one or more distributed resources interconnected with electric power Exchange and systems. It describes functionality, parameters and Control of Distributed methodologies for monitoring, information exchange and Resources control for the interconnected distributed resources with, or Interconnected with associated with, electric power systems. Distributed resources Electric Power include systems in the areas of fuel cells, photovoltaics, wind Systems turbines, microturbines, other distributed generators, and, distributed energy storage systems. Current SCC21 SCC21 Interconnection Projects Projects Title Scope and Purpose (2011) Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems This document provides alternative approaches and good practices for the design, operation, and integration of distributed resource (DR) island systems with electric power systems (EPS). This includes the ability to separate from and reconnect to part of the area EPS while providing power to the islanded local EPSs. This guide includes the distributed resources, interconnection systems, and participating electric power systems. This guide is intended to be used by EPS designers, operators, system integrators, and equipment manufacturers. The document is intended to provide an introduction, overview and address engineering concerns of DR island systems. It is relevant to the design, operation, and integration of DR island systems. Implementation of this guide will expand the benefits of using DR by targeting improved electric power system reliability and build upon the interconnection requirements of IEEE IEEE Current 1547 SCC21 Interconnection Projects Title Scope and Purpose 12/2011 This document provides guidelines regarding the technical requirements, including design, construction, commissioning acceptance testing and P Draft maintenance /performance requirements, for interconnecting dispatchable Technical Guidelines electric power sources with a capacity of more than 10 MVA to a bulk power for Interconnection of transmission grid. Electric Power The purpose of this project is to provide technical information and guidance to all parties involved in the interconnection of dispatchable electric power Sources Greater Than sources to a transmission grid about the various considerations needed to be 10 MVA to the Power evaluated for establishing acceptable parameters such that the interconnection Transmission Grid is technically correct. IEEE (2011) This standard builds upon IEEE Standard 1547 for the interconnection of distributed resources (DR) to distribution secondary network systems. This Recommended standard establishes recommended criteria, requirements and tests, and Practice for provides guidance for interconnection of distribution secondary network system Interconnecting types of area electric power systems (Area EPS) with distributed resources Distributed Resources (DR) providing electric power generation in local electric power systems (Local EPS). With Electric Power This standard focuses on the technical issues associated with the Systems Distribution interconnection of Area EPS distribution secondary networks with a Local EPS Secondary Networks having DR generation. The standard provides recommendations relevant to the performance, operation, testing, safety considerations, and maintenance of the interconnection. In this standard consideration is given to the needs of the Local EPS to be able to provide enhanced service to the DR owner loads as well as to other loads served by the network. Equally, the standard addresses the technical concerns and issues of the Area EPS. Further, this standard identifies communication and control recommendations and provides guidance on considerations that will have to be addressed for such DR interconnections. 34 Current SCC21 Interconnection Projects Title. Scope and Purpose P TM Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection Scope. This guide describes criteria, scope, and extent for engineering studies of the impact on area electric power systems of a distributed resource or aggregate distributed resource interconnected to an area electric power distribution system. Purpose. The creation of IEEE Std 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems has led to the increased adoption of distributed resources (DR) throughout distribution systems. This document describes a methodology for performing engineering studies of the potential impact of a distributed resource interconnected to an area electric power distribution system. Study scope and extent are described as functions of identifiable characteristics of the distributed resource, the area electric power system, and the interconnection. Criteria are described for determining the necessity of impact mitigation. Establishment of this guide allows distributed resource owners, interconnection contractors, area electric distribution power system owners and operators, and regulatory bodies to have a described methodology for when distribution system impact studies are appropriate, what data is required, how they are performed, and how the study results are evaluated. In the absence of such guidelines, the necessity and extent of DR interconnection impact studies has been widely and inconsistently defined and applied. 35 Current SCC21 Interconnection Projects Title, Scope and Purpose P TM Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard 1547 Scope. This recommended practice applies to the requirements set forth in IEEE Std 1547 and provides recommended methods that may expand the usefulness and utilization of IEEE Std 1547 through the identification of innovative designs, processes, and operational procedures. Purpose. The purpose of the methods and procedures provided in this recommended practice is to provide more flexibility in determining the design and processes used in expanding the implementation strategies used for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems. Further, based on IEEE Std 1547 requirements, the purpose of this recommended practice is to provide the knowledge base, experience, and opportunities for greater utilization of the interconnection and its applications. 36 IEEE SCC standards: April 24, 2012 panel T. Basso (NREL) pg 6

15 IEEE SA SCC Workshop Overview of Industry Suggestions Summary Statistics May 17-18, 2012 IEEE Standards Office, Piscataway, New Jersey Dick DeBlasio, IEEE SCC21 Chair Tom Basso, IEEE SCC21 Vice Chair Workshop - Commenter Submitted Inputs Twenty Three Commenter's : M. Sheehan - IREC B. McMillan Greater Sudbury Hydro Inc. J. Hambrick - NREL C. Sun PG&E R. Neal - SCE J. Koepfinger - Consultant G. Kaestle Clausthal University of Technology J.C. Smith - UVIG B. Mather - NREL M. Shriazi- NREL B. Lydic Fronius USA T. McDermott MelTran Inc. R. Boudreau Hydro One Networks Inc. D. Bassett - Consultant M. Coddington - NREL T. Zgonena - UL J. Grosshennig SMA Solar Technology AG R. Walling GE Energy R. Arritt - EPRI N. Wrathall Kinectrics S. Toe Georgia Power Co. M. Morjaria First Solar O. Schelenze GE Total Ideas Submitted = 81 Industry Sector Commenter's: Utilities 5 Manufacturers 3 Testing Services 2 Industry Associations - 2 Consultants 6 Academia - 1 National lab Clause 4 Title # First Name Last Name Affiliation Intro 1 Michael Sheehan IREC 1.3 Limitations 4 David Bassett Consultant Ryan Boudreau Hydro One Networks Inc Michael Coddington NREL Tom McDermott MelTran, Inc Acronyms 1 Tim Zgonena UL 4.1 General Requirements Breakdown by Clause 5 Joerg Grosshennig SMA Solar Technology AG Joerg Grosshennig SMA Solar Technology AG Joerg Grosshennig SMA Solar Technology AG Joerg Grosshennig SMA Solar Technology AG Joerg Grosshennig SMA Solar Technology AG 1547 First Title # Last Name Affiliation Clause Name Voltage Regulation 9 Reigh Walling GE Energy Clause David Bassett Consultant Russell Neal Southern California Edison Robert Arritt EPRI Robert Arritt EPRI Brian McMillan Greater Sudbury Hydro Josh Hambrick NREL Chase Sun PG&E Tom McDermott MelTran, Inc Synchronization 1 Michael Sheehan IREC Monitoring Provisions 1 Ryan Boudreau Hydro One Networks Isolation Device 1 Michael Sheehan IREC Distribution Secondary Grid Networks 1 Michael Coddington NREL Area EPS Faults 2 Ryan Boudreau Hydro One Networks Josh Hambrick NREL 5 6 Title # Area EPS reclosing coordination First Name Last Name Affiliation 1 Reigh Walling GE Energy Voltage 13 Russell Neal SCE Joseph L Koepfinger Consultant Reigh Walling GE Energy Robert Arritt EPRI Robert Arritt EPRI Robert Arritt EPRI Gunnar Kaestle Clausthal U. of Technology J. Charles Smith UVIG Barry Mather NREL Mari Shriazi NREL Ryan Boudreau Hydro One Networks Gunnar Kaestle Clausthal U. of Technology Tom McDermott MelTran, Inc. 1

16 1547 # First 1547 First Title Last Name Affiliation Title # Clause Name Clause Name Last Name Affiliation Frequency 7 Tom McDermott MelTran, Inc Unintentional 4 Reigh Walling GE Energy Reigh Walling GE Energy Islanding Brian Lydic Fronius USA Tim Zgonena UL Russell Neal Southern California Southern California Russell Neal Edison Edison Clausthal U. of Chase Sun PG&E Gunnar Kaestle Technology Response to 2 Gunnar Kaestle Clausthal U. of Abnormal Voltage Tim Zgonena UL Technology and Frequency Josh Hambrick NREL Owen Schelenz GE Reconnection to Synchronization 2 Owen Schelenz GE Brian Lydic Fronius USA Area EPS Tim Zgonea UL Tim Zgonena UL Interconnect 1 Tim Zgonena UL Barry Mather NREL Integrity Test 4.3 Power Quality 1 Tim Zgonena UL Unintentional 2 Owen Schelenz GE Limitation of Flicker 1 Islanding Michael Sheehan IREC Induced by the DR Tim Zgonea UL Harmonics 1 Michael Sheehan IREC Southern California None 1 Russell Neal 4.47 Islanding 1 Nicolas Wrathall Kinectrics 8 Edison 1547 Clause 9 First Name Title # Last Name Affiliation Southern California None 1 Russell Neal Edison Area EPS Reclosing Coordination 1 Michael Sheehan IREC Cease to Energize 2 Tim Zgonena UL Functionality Test Sylvester Toe Georgia Power Other 4 Tom McDermott MelTran, Inc. Ryan Boudreau Hydro One Networks Inc Mahesh Morjaria First Solar Tim Zgonena UL New 7 Tim Zgonena UL Reigh Walling GE Energy Tim Zgonena UL Tim Zgonena UL Tim Zgonena UL Tim Zgonena UL Tim Zgonena UL 2

17 What C235 says Voltage at Service Entrance CAN 3 - C Preferred Voltage Levels for AC Systems 0-50,000 Volts November 1, 2011 B. A. (Brian) McMillan, P. Eng. Vice-President Distribution Electrical Systems Greater Sudbury Hydro 1 2 What C235 Says Voltage at Utilization What the Distribution System Code Says Upper extreme voltage limit is typically 106% Lower extreme voltage limit is typically 87% 3 4 What IEEE 1547 and therefore UL1741 Says What the Distribution System Code Says IEEE 1547 (UL 1741) and CSA C22.2 No compliant inverter based generation will operate with output voltages between 88.1% and 109.9% of nominal

18 What Happens Between 106% and 109.9% of Nominal Nothing...unless the LDC provides voltage regulation at the secondary level. This creates two problems for the LDC Short Term voltage swells that may be detected by in home display units that are coming out soon Long Term voltage swells No way to mitigate. There is no statement in CSA C235 stating how long voltage may be sustained beyond the extreme operating conditions before the LDC shall take action. Typical voltage regulator delay time would be 30 seconds to 3 minutes this may be instructive. Examples of Localized, Long Term Over Voltages Enernex reports that in Los Angeles, in high penetration areas, one in four inverter based generators is NOT generating at any given time. The secondary bus reaches 274 volts and one unit trips off, the voltage drops and a unit that had tripped off reconnects and the voltage rises above 274 volts and a DG trips off and so on and so on. 7 8 Sustained Localized Over Voltage Problems are Appearing Worldwide LDCs need a Preemptive Strategy Proposal for Discussion. Open a dialogue with CSA to reconcile CSA C235 and CSA C 22.2 No Attempt to get meaningful time frames into CSA 235 to allow suitable voltage regulation reaction. Launch research into suitable commercially available secondary voltage regulation devices. Inverters may be a solution Who?? How?? Whatactioncan/arewegoingtotakeasagrouporwheredowereferthis to? Two Phase Approach Ideas for SCC21 Workshop on IEEE Std and Thomas E. McDermott, Sr. Member, IEEE tom@meltran.com Piscataway, NJ, May Amendment or Fast Track Revision Allow for Active Voltage Regulation or Reactive Power Dispatch, in Coordination with Area EPS Allow for Alternatives to Voltage and Frequency Tripping, in Coordination with Area EPS Change the Size Limit from 10 to 20 MVA Then a Full Revision Consolidate 1547 and Address Other Technical Issues and Ideas 2

19 300 kw, 480V Solar PV Utility-Interactive Inverter vs. North American VRT 1547 vs. North American FRT Voltage Threshold [p.u.] IEEE 1547 and Voltage Ride-Through Characteristics 1547 PRC-024 WECC 661-A HQ 1547: Must Run 1547: Must Trip and Clear : Probable Trip and Clear 1547 Must Trip and Clear Frequency [Hz] IEEE 1547 and Frequency Ride Through Characteristics, DR > 30 kw Must Trip and Clear PRC WECC 62 HQ May Trip and Clear Must Trip and Clear Time [s] Ride-through or Clearing Time [s] Small DR vs. North American LVRT Frequency [Hz] IEEE 1547 and Frequency Ride Through Characteristics, DR 30 kw Small DR Operating Area in IEEE Std ( 30 kw) PRC WECC Time [s] kv When C37 Was Out of Synch IEEE (pre-2009) and IEC TRV Capability for 123-kV Breaker IEEE, M=100% IEC, M=100% IEEE, M=30% IEC, M=30% microseconds Harmonization Process with IEC Updated in 2005 C TRV Application Guide Updated in 2009 C37.04 Rating Structure C37.06 Preferred Ratings C37.09 Test Proc. 17 Customer XYZ Solar GF Proposed Interconnection One-Line Sylvester Toe Georgia Power AC Contactor AC Disconnect PV-INVERT PCB Main 2000A Facility #1 Load 1500 kva 12.47GrdY/7.2kV - 480GrdY/277V Fuses & Load Break Switch Under Oil ( ft) 3-1/0 AXNJ 65A SM-4 ( ft) 3-1/0 AXNJ To Customer XYZ Facility No. 2 Page 18 3

20 * o o + * a b c label1 Wed Sep 19 14:34: o + * o + * WESTERN SYSTEMS COORDINATING COUNCIL HW1A-OP Current file selected from 3 different files o * + a:ai\0-ip-paloverde-ai.chf b:ai\20-ip-paloverde-nai.chf c:ai\20-ip-paloverde-ai.chf o * + spd COLSTP spd COLSTP spd COLSTP o + * o + * a b c label1 Wed Sep 19 15:12: o o + * WESTERN SYSTEMS COORDINATING COUNCIL HW1A-OP Current file selected from 3 different files + o a:ai\20-ip-paloverde-nai.chf b:vtrip\20-pv-vtrip70.chf c:vtrip\20-vtrip90.chf o + vbus MALIN vbus MALIN vbus MALIN Material in Support of Disturbance Ride-Through Requirements Presented at IEEE SCC 21 Standard 1547 Change Workshop Piscataway, NY May 17-18, 2012 Reigh Walling GE Energy Consulting The Background IEEE Standard 1547 was developed ca PV was not big commonly thought by many that it never would amount to much The BIG thing then was the hydrogen economy and fuel cells. Microturbines were hot, too. Most DER was occasional engine generator sets most utilities had a few of these here and there As a consequence, DER was not considered to be of any significance to the bulk grid 20 GE Title or job number IEEE 1547 Focus IEEE Standard 1547 was focused on: Local distribution issues Power quality Safety of interconnection As a consequence, quick tripping of DER was required to: Avoid islanding Limit fault contribution Minimize distribution protection concerns 21 GE Title or job number Raver- Paul Line Malin Path 15 Case Study - DR Impact on Bulk Power System WSCC Colstrip >6000 DGs Modeled: Base Case Load Bus Representation Incoming Circuits Substation Bus Equivalent Load: P L + jq L [MW & MVAr] Adding DG DG + Load Bus Representation Incoming Circuits Substation Bus Equivalent DG: P DG = P L (DG pene) ~ Disturbance at Equivalent Load: Palo Verde NPS (3000+ MW) P L (1 + DG pene) + jq L (1 + DG pene) Active Anti-Islanding Impact on Bulk Power System DG Tripping impact on Bulk System Stability +0.3Hz -0.3Hz Red: base condition without DG Green: 20% DG penetration Blue: 20% and with active anti-islanding Time, sec Disturbance event: a very large power station with multiple units generating over 3000 MW in WSCC system is assumed to be tripped off-line by some common-mode disturbance. The case illustrates that the aggregate impact of the active anti-islanding scheme is benign to the system performance The lack of frequency regulation by DGs aggravates the commonmode frequency depression 120% V 60% V Red: 20% DG, no under voltage tripping Green: under voltage tripping (set point 70%) Blue: under voltage tripping (set point 90%) Voltage at the 500kV Malin bus 88% V Time, sec P1547 standard dictates disconnect for voltages <88% within 2 seconds. It is important to note that this specifies the minimum voltage and the maximum time to trip. Thus, DGs will be in violation if they trip slower or at too low a voltage. However, the DGs may trip faster and at higher voltages than this without violation. The case (blue trace) with the 90% trip point is very unstable Bulk System frequency dynamics with high DG Penetration and impact of anti-islanding Bulk system voltage dynamics with low voltage DG tripping (20% DG penetration). 4

21 August 14, 2003: EHV Transmission Voltages August 14, 2003: Frequency P1547 Overfrequency trip point 88% voltage mandatory trip of DR per P1547* For illustration: Mapping of voltage from 500kV down to individual DR may result in tripping sooner or later depending on system topology The current scene: DER application is exploding; penetrations are becoming significant PV growth has been particularly dramatic Increased FERC and NERC concern with grid frequency response Fault-induced delayed voltage recovery becoming widely recognized Widespread adoption of DER ride-through standards outside of North America Anecdotal evidence of PV projects being delayed or denied in vulnerable systems California s Million Solar Roofs targets 3000 MW of distributed PV. Tripping for grid events would more than double all of WECC s frequency response obligation. 27 GE Title or job number Recent Study Investigated DER under-voltage tripping impacts on dynamic behavior in a load pocket DER tripping can compound FIDVR DER Rides Through DER Trips 28 GE Title or job number Material in Support of Voltage Regulation Allowance The time to act is NOW! Presented at IEEE SCC 21 Standard 1547 Change Workshop Piscataway, NY May 17-18, 2012 Reigh Walling GE Energy Consulting 5

22 The current scene: PV growth has been particularly dramatic Large PV plants on distribution Interconnection difficult due to voltage variation Often: Utility wants PV plant to help regulate voltage Developer wants to help, to avoid more expensive mitigation But, 1547 stands in the way, particularly where it has been codified by a regulatory authority Typical PV Plant Power Output 31 GE Title or job number 32 GE Title or job number 4.25 MW PV Plant on a 13.8 kv Feeder POI Voltage (pu) Off-Peak Load Alone Clear Solar Profile Cloudy Solar Profile Voltage Regulator Tap Operations per Day Peak Season Off -Peak Season Load Alone 6 2 PV Plant, Clear Sky 7 5 PV Plant, Partly -Cloudy Sky ,200 14,400 21,600 28,800 36,000 43,200 50,400 57, GE Title or job number 6am to 10pm (Seconds) POI Voltage (pu) Closed-Loop Voltage Regulation Performance Off-Peak Load Alone Unity Power Factor, Cloudy Solar Profile Voltage Regulation, Cloudy Solar Profile Best mitigation Prohibited by IEEE ,200 14,400 21,600 28,800 36,000 43,200 50,400 57,600 6am to 10pm (Seconds) 34 GE Title or job number Voltage Regulation Let s stop blocking good, sound solutions that everyone agrees to! DER owners and Area EPS Operators can cooperate, and should not be blocked from doing so. Current Text: The DR shall not actively regulate the voltage at the PCC Issue: Excluding active voltage regulation at the PCC removes one tool that distribution operators have to address overvoltage problems with high-penetration of DR Recommendation: Modify wording to allow active voltage regulation, and in specified cases, to take advantage of inherent var control capability of DR, particularly inverter connected Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 6