In Pursuit of More Energy: Equipping our Armed, Security and Emergency Services. Tony Jeffery July 2003

Transcription

1 In Pursuit of More Energy: Equipping our Armed, Security and Emergency Services Tony Jeffery July 2003

2 History of Secondary Military Batteries Agenda The Pursuit of More Energy: Equipping Our Armed, Security and Emergency Services The Lithium-ion Advantage Military Drivers The Evolution of Intelligence & Impact on Logistics The Search for More Energy & the Digital Battlefield

3 History of Military Batteries 1799 First Battery 1859 First Lead Acid Battery 1898 First Commercial Battery 1910 First Battery in the armed forces

4 History of Military Batteries 1970 NiCd adapted for military use PRC351-1 (Clansman)

5 History of Military Batteries 1970 NiCd adapted for military use 1979 AEA Lithium-ion materials patented

6 History of Military Batteries 1970 NiCd adapted for military use 1979 AEA Lithium-ion materials patented 1994 AEA grants Licenses

7 History of Military Batteries 1970 NiCd adapted for military use 1979 AEA Lithium-ion materials patented 1994 AEA grants Licenses 2002 AEA Lithium-ion BOWMAN (replacement for Clansman batteries)

8 Li-ion Clansman Arctic Field Trials Norway Jan-Mar 02 6 day patrol 2 Li-ion vs 4 Ni-Cd (2.7 kg vs 13.9 kg) Operational Advantages Base station radio trial Li-ion : 30 hrs at -32 o C Ni-Cd: no performance

9 Li-ion Clansman Trials 3 Para (16 Air Assault Brigade) Sept Oct 02: 10 Day Eagle Lift Exercise Operational benefits confirmed: Li-ion NiCd LIFE: 48 hours Vs 18 hours WEIGHT: 4kg Vs 20.8kg Space savings No conditioning required Rapid deployment due to instant availability Operational Advantages

10 The Cell Company Location: Formed: Purpose: Thurso, Caithness, Scotland 1998 Manufacture of High Technology Li-ion Cells

11 The Cell Company Joint Venture: 60% 22% 18%

12 Manufacturing Equipment Coating Calendering Winding

13 Manufacturing Control Electrode fabrication control - coating to ±1.5% by weight - calendering to ±1% by thickness Jelly roll winding control - electrode alignment to ±1% over 6 feet length

14 D Cell Features Energy 5.6Ah Cycle Life 1,100 Safety Meets UN Transportation Regulations Temperature Range +75 º C to -51 º C

15 Cycle Life Cycle Life Capacity (%D1) Cycle Number

16 C/2.5 Rate Discharge 4.5 ICR Amp Discharge Cell Voltage (V) Capacity (A h) +55 C +20 C -30 C -40 C

17 2C Rate Discharge 4.5 ICR Amp Discharge Cell Voltage (V) Capacity (A h) +55 C +20 C -20 C

18 12A 40oC Discharge 4 12 Currents 10 3 Cell Voltage / V 2 1 Voltages Current / A Time / min 0

19 Safety Features Pressure vent, shut-down separator Internal fuse - over-current protection Safety cap options - over-charge and re-settable over-current Passes all new UN transportation tests

20 Military Application Li-ion D cell in volume production: 5.6Ah (390Wh/l, 155Wh/kg) 1,100 cycles C operation Selected for major military application - Bowman

21 BOWMAN BOWMAN Requirements To provide a communications system until at least ,000 radios & 25,000 computer terminals Deployment on: 18,000 vehicles 160 ships & 300 aircraft Will be used by 60,000 servicemen

22 BOWMAN Customer, prime & sub-contractor relationships MoD (UK) General Dynamics Ltd (UK) Harris (HF radio) ITT (VHF radio) AEAT (Batteries & chargers) Litton (Data term) Cogent (KVMS) AGM (Li-ion cells)

23 BOWMAN BOWMAN secondary batteries - Requirements AGM cell is a key component for HF & VHF radio batteries that require -40C operation -50C storage high cycle life Data terminals & KVMS use small cells

24 Military Drivers Even more energy More intelligence Cost & logistics benefits Environmentally friendly

25 Even More Energy AEA TARGET STAGE 1 Improved performance through better cathode materials STAGE 2 Further improvement in performance through better anode materials STAGE 3 And beyond - fuel cells

26 Military Drivers Even more energy More intelligence Cost & logistics benefits Environmentally friendly

27 More Intelligence Today s Electronics Technology Fuel Gauge Safety and Balancing Circuitry SMBus Interface STANDARD

28 More Intelligence Capability: Lower power circuitry Ruggedised SMART data acquisition systems Benefits: Extended shelf life Increased operational life Battery usage profiling improved logistics

29 Military Drivers Even more energy More intelligence Cost & logistics benefits Environmentally friendly

30 Costs & Logistics Significantly improved logistics Warehousing Maintenance Significant reductions in procurement & overhead costs

31 Military Drivers Even more energy More intelligence Cost & logistics benefits Environmentally friendly

32 Environmentally Friendly Lithium-ion recycling

33 How could this impact on you? Successful pursuit of more portable energy & associated intelligence will be a key military strategic advantage

34 In Pursuit of More Energy: Equipping our Armed, Security and Emergency Services Tony Jeffery July 2003