Inflections and Applications of Small Capacity Energy Storage Devices

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1 Inflections and Applications of Small Capacity Energy Storage Devices Moderated by B. Leo Kwak Applied Materials, Inc. March 2, 2016 NAATBatt International 2016

of Small Capacity Energy Storage Devices, SS TFB Technology, Jeff Sather (Cymbet Corp.

2 Outline Introduction Small Capacity Energy Storage: New Markets & Growth, Sam Jaffe (Cairn ERA) Adding ultra-low power to deeply embedded microcontroller based systems, Mark Buccini (Texas Instrument) Inflections and Applications of Small Capacity Energy Storage Devices, SS TFB Technology, Jeff Sather (Cymbet Corp.) Inflections and Applications of Small Capacity Energy Storage Devices, PME TFB Technology, James Watkins (BrightVolt) Questions and Answers Summary 2

3 IoT Trillions of Sensors and Power Supplies Tethered Sensors? Autonomous Remote Wireless Sensors Wireless Sensors? Convergence of low-power electronics, holistic power management, energy-storage and energy-harvesting technologies 3

4 Panelists Sam Jaffe Cairn Research Mark Buccini Texas Instrument Jeff Sather Cymbet Corporation James Watkins BrightVolt B. Leo Kwak Applied Materials Moderator 4

Small Capacity Batteries New Markets and

March 2, 2016 Primary Author: Sam Jaffe 5

5 Small Capacity Batteries New Markets and New Growth Market Dynamics and Market Forecast of Internet-of-Things Battery Applications NaatBatt 2016 Indian Wells, CA March 2, 2016 Primary Author: Sam Jaffe 5 All rights reserved Cairn Energy Research Advisors 2016

Key Growth Inflection Points in IoT Improvements in chip

Improvements in low-energy networking standards Increased

of big data Evolution of Dust Networks mote from experimental

printed directly on to Silicon (Sources in order: LBNL, LBNL,

6 Key Growth Inflection Points in IoT Improvements in chip design Reductions in system component costs due to scale Improvements in low-energy networking standards Increased capabilities of computing systems to get useful analytics out of big data Evolution of Dust Networks mote from experimental unit to first lighting sensor to SOC to Ultracapacitors printed directly on to Silicon (Sources in order: LBNL, LBNL, Linear, Lethien/IEMN) All rights reserved Cairn Energy Research Advisors 2016

(Source: Defense Update, Eshel) Streetline pressure node (Source:

7 Small Capacity Battery Needs by Sector: Transportation and Defense Defense Transportation Wireless sensor suite from Elbit Systems (Source: Defense Update, Eshel) Streetline pressure node (Source: Streetline Networks) All rights reserved Cairn Energy Research Advisors 2016

Richmond Refinery (Source: Chevron) Hearing Aid Batteries

8 Small Capacity Battery Needs by Sector: Industrial and Transportation Industrial Healthcare Network map of Chevron Richmond Refinery (Source: Chevron) Hearing Aid Batteries (Source: Wikimedia Commons) All rights reserved Cairn Energy Research Advisors 2016

9 Battery Technology Tracking to Application Poly TFB SS TFB 2 nd Li-ion* Pouch Super-Cap Secondary Coin cell Primary Coin Cell Thin form factor Customizable Form Low unit cost Solder reflow Cycle life Energy capacity Energy density Power capability (xc) Self-discharge Safety/Environmental Manufacturability * Conventional tech with liq. gel or polymer electrolytes 9 9

10 MILLIONS OF CELLS SHIPPED MILLIONS USD Overall Small Capacity Battery Market Forecast Global Small Capacity Battery Market Forecast in Cells and Revenue, ,000 Global Cell Revenue Asia Pacific Eastern Europe Middle East Africa North America South & Central America Western Europe Global Power Module Revenue $14,000 20,000 $12,000 $10,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2, $0 All rights reserved Cairn Energy Research Advisors 2016

11 Adding ultra-low power to deeply embedded microcontroller-based systems Mark E. Buccini March

Typical deeply embedded system 1mAh Sensor temperature, motion, light, magnetic Processor MCU with ADC, GPIO, comm, User Interface LED, radio, display, memory Power 3V system typical from battery or

12 Typical deeply embedded system 1mAh Sensor temperature, motion, light, magnetic Processor MCU with ADC, GPIO, comm, User Interface LED, radio, display, memory Power 3V system typical from battery or EH for today Todays presentation assumes a small 1mAh small capacity battery and focusses on the sensor and processor elements of an embedded system using only readily available, low-cost, COTS components 12

13 Motion sensor demonstration 3-axis Accelerometer 300uA active 1ms wakeup MCU 300uA active 600uA ADC 0.5uA standby 1uS wakeup while (1) { getadc(); if (ADC10MEM < 550) { Flash_LED(); } // ADC get sample // Not facing up? // yes, Indicator 1200uA = ADXL337 + MSP430F2012 (active + ADC) 50 minutes of operation = 1mAh/1.2mA (using 1mAh small capacity battery) 13

14 Adding ultra-low power Standby is the normal mode of operation 0.5uA constant, minimal time in active mode Power gate sensor with GPIO 300uA for 1.1ms (including 1ms startup) (300uA * ) Sample Smart ADC (~ 600uA/200k) Sample LEAK VCC X Y Z Sensor 3.3V Switched Power MCU ADC 1.5uA = 0.009uA ADC ADXL337 (0.11%)+ 0.5uA MSP430F2012 (LPM3) 27.7 days of operation = 1mAh/0.0015mA (using 1mAh small capacity battery) GPIO 14

$Ultra-low power motion sensing code while (1){ _BIS_SR(LPM3_bits + GIE); P1OUT = ADXPWR; Delay_LPM0(1000); getadc(); P1OUT &= ~ADXLPWR; if (ADC10MEM < 550) { Flash_LED(); } } // STANDBY NORMAL* //$

15 Ultra-low power motion sensing code while (1){ _BIS_SR(LPM3_bits + GIE); P1OUT = ADXPWR; Delay_LPM0(1000); getadc(); P1OUT &= ~ADXLPWR; if (ADC10MEM < 550) { Flash_LED(); } } // STANDBY NORMAL* // Power-on sensor* // Delay using LPM0* // Get ADC sample // Power-off sensor* // Not facing up? // yes, Indicator Standby is the normal mode of operation, interrupt driven activity Sensor power gated ADC usage is smart, only as needed 15

Add BLE WSN using CC2600 (SWRA478) Charge ~ 9.74uAs -------------------- 2.

16 Add BLE WSN using CC2600 (SWRA478) Charge ~ 9.74uAs ms Implementing a wireless sensor network (WSN) is straightforward using BLE Adds 9.74uA of average current with a typical connection 16

Summary 1000x sensor power reduction demonstrated standby is the normal mode interrupt driven activity power manage peripherals hardware replaces software energy aware firmware is a must 1 month

17 Summary 1000x sensor power reduction demonstrated standby is the normal mode interrupt driven activity power manage peripherals hardware replaces software energy aware firmware is a must 1 month operation from small capacity battery Radio is typically the most significant power impact Demonstrated today using readily available, low-cost, COT devices Newer devices offer significantly lower active power and greater integration Soon: SoC with sensor, harvester and printed battery integration? 17

18 Inflections and Applications of Small Capacity Energy Storage Devices Inflections, markets, and SOTA of TFB Technology MARCH 02, 2016 This information is confidential & proprietary to Cymbet Corporation

19 The Key Trends Driving Innovation Internet of Everything and Wearable Technology Ultra Low Power Processors & Electronics Smart Devices and Sensors Everywhere Wireless is Pervasive Integration with Other Components Miniaturize Eco-Friendly and Renewable Energy Convergence of Trends into Products 2016 Cymbet Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 19

20 State of the Art in Small Thin Film Batteries Attributes Supporting Key Technology Trends Type / Attributes / Drawbacks Carbon zinc primary Thin, low cost, disposable Low output voltage; limited shelf life Li polymer primary Thin; flexible; integrate into cards/labels; 3V nominal voltage; Temperature range limited by polymer electrolyte Li polymer (electrolyte) secondary Thin; flexible; safety; integrate into cards/labels Lower ionic conductivity than Li-ion having wet electrolyte Solid state secondary Simple, fast recharge; integration /solder reflow; miniature; Low power output at cold temperature; low capacity In development Zinc polymer secondary: Flexible; zinc less reactive than lithium (less packaging); printable; Difficult to make rechargeable; dendrites Li secondary with silicon anodes; Higher energy density than Li-ion having graphite anode; Cycle life reduced relative to Li-ion having graphite anodes Li secondary with Li anodes: Energy density >1000Wh/liter Lithium metal problematic with non-solid electrolytes Li-air (other metal-air) rechargeable: Ultra high energy density; Difficult to make rechargeable 2016 Cymbet Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Applications RFID/asset tracking; medical patches; cosmetics; supply chain Smart cards/labels; RFID/asset tracking; medical patches Smart cards/labels; RFID; wearables Memory/RTC backup; sensor nodes using energy harvesting; medical devices Wearables; medical; smart cards/labels Wearables; IoT; mobile Wearables; IoT; mobile Mobile; electric vehicles 20

Operating Life of Small Secondary Cells in Energy Harvesting Applications Self-discharge and other aging-induced

Operating life of thin film batteries can exceed 15 years in practical systems including wireless sensors and other IoT

as reference: 500 cycles 80% DoD 500 cycles 20% DoD 300 cycles 20% DoD 1000 cycles 10% DoD 1000 cycles 10% DoD Coin cells

21 Operating Life of Small Secondary Cells in Energy Harvesting Applications Self-discharge and other aging-induced degradation not included in operating life estimates. Operating life of thin film batteries can exceed 15 years in practical systems including wireless sensors and other IoT devices Solid state and Li polymer batteries are conducive to custom sizes and product integration Cycle life rating used as reference: 500 cycles 80% DoD 500 cycles 20% DoD 300 cycles 20% DoD 1000 cycles 10% DoD 1000 cycles 10% DoD Coin cells shown for comparison they are not thin film devices. Coin cells, while low cost and abundant, have issues with leakage, transportation, and disposal 2016 Cymbet Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 21

Bluetooth Smart beacon with a miniature solar panel & thin film battery, operating indoors Recently introduced power

22 Energy Harvesting-Powered Bluetooth Smart Beacon Images courtesy of Dialog Semiconductor BLE radio, antenna, power management IC, solar cell, and solid state battery integrated into compact module. Bluetooth Smart beacon with a miniature solar panel & thin film battery, operating indoors Recently introduced power management and energy storage devices will make for more efficient operation with increased functionality and longer operating life 2016 Cymbet Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 22

Medical and Miniature Wearables Thin Film Micro-Battery in Medical Devices

package Attachment using conductive epoxy, wirebond, solder/gold bumps

power radios can be powered directly from battery or with supporting

ng (e.g., mobile phone) permits cordless, hermetically sealed product

Contact Lens Tattoo Sensor Patch 1.5mm 3 Univ.

Wearable Sensors Patient Monitoring: Vital Signs Sensor Patch MC 10

24 Medical and Miniature Wearables Thin Film Micro-Battery in Medical Devices Custom battery can be integrated in medical devices as inlay, bare die, or package Attachment using conductive epoxy, wirebond, solder/gold bumps Non-flammable, non-cytotoxic solid state batteries can be integrated Low power radios can be powered directly from battery or with supporting capacitance NFC communication and recharging (e.g., mobile phone) permits cordless, hermetically sealed product Neural Stimulation Therapies Medtronic Intraocular Pressure Sensor Smart Contact Lens Tattoo Sensor Patch 1.5mm 3 Univ. of Michigan Ultra-Low Power PMIC Integrated with MCU and Radio MC 10 Wearable Sensors Patient Monitoring: Vital Signs Sensor Patch MC 10 Non-Cytotoxic Rechargeable Solid State Battery Wireless Communication to Smartphone and Wireless Charging Fujitsu 2016 Cymbet Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 24

25 James Watkins VP, Revenue & Strategy 3/8/

26 BrightVolt s Unique Perspective 45,000 Sq. Ft Lab & Production Facility in U.S. - In-House Polymer Synthesis - Proprietary Manufacturing Process - Lower Cost, Higher Quality Broad & Deep Customer Engagement - Global Customers & Needs - Full Life Cycle Partnership Early concept to ongoing production support 2016 BrightVolt, Inc. All Rights Reserved 26

27 The BrightVolt Difference Single Phase PME BrightVolt s PME Approach PME Is Polymer Matrix Electrolyte Not Polymer Membrane Electrolyte PME Is Single Phase Of Three Components Polymer + Solvent + Salt Two Component Assembly Cathode-PME / Anode-PME Layers PME A PME Advantages Higher Energy Density Better Performance Greatest Safety B Mol % B Mol % C PME Composition: 30% A + 50% B + 20% C C 3/8/2016 Confidential Subject to BrightVolt NDA 27

28 State of the Art Flexible, Thin Film, Solid State BrightVolt PME (Polymer Matrix Electrolyte; NOT Polymer Membrane Electrolyte), bonds directly to the cathode, increasing space for active materials. PME is a single phase matrix component which increases reliability and stability of the cell. BrightVolt batteries use only 2 component layers instead of industry standard 3 Components designs which enables easier and more efficient manufacturing. BrightVolt s PME is protected by multiple global patents. Variable chemistries depending on application BrightVolt, Inc. All Rights Reserved 28

30 Inflection Point #2 Realistic Expectations? Clients Need More o Energy o Cost Reduction o Customization Batteries Aren t Chips o No fabless battery companies new designs take time o Organic Improvements Flexible Form Factors 2016 BrightVolt, Inc. All Rights Reserved 30

31 Inflection #3 Move to Production BrightVolt s Observations Card Solutions-Embedded Power 20M units annually Less than 0.45mm required chemistries beyond lithium based cannot meet the thickness. Hot Laminatable - key for standard card mfg. Enables most favorable economics. Certified for Visa, MasterCard, AMEX and UnionPay- designed for ISO Bend Flex Testing. Engaged in 2014, ship in 2016 Medical Device/Patch 200M units annually Thin and Flexible Low profile batteries provide effective adhesion and consumer use. Certified/Passed External Environmental, Health & Safety Testing. Effectively meets power profile for shelf life of 2 yrs and one time use case. Engaged in 2015, ship in 2017 Internet of Things (IOT)/ Temperature Sensor 300M units annually Allows for creation of smart label solutions - Thin and Flexible key requirements. Scalable Solution - Providing batteries in custom tray and/or tape configuration for scaled mfg. Customizable Size and mah; Engaged in 2015, ship in BrightVolt, Inc. All Rights Reserved 31

32 The Next Big Thin Flexible Thing? Rechargeables New Materials/Chemistries Expanded manufacturing technology / lower costs 3/8/2016 Confidential Subject to BrightVolt NDA 32

33 Q&A Moderated by B. Leo Kwak Applied Materials, Inc.

34 Summary

35 Summary Huge Inflection Internet of Things Connectivity, wearables, autonomous wireless sensors, networks and hubs,. Medical, Industrial, transportation, defense, Convergence of Innovations in Enabling Technologies Low-power power electronics and components Holistic system s level approaches creating optimized power management Improving energy storage and energy harvesting technologies Designer & manufacturers ready for scaling & shipping products Huge Opportunities for small capacity energy storage devices 35

Embedding Energy Storage in SoCs using Solid State Batteries. PowerSoC 12 November 16, 2012

Embedding Energy Storage in SoCs using Solid State Batteries PowerSoC 12 November 16, 2012 Key Trends Driving Innovation Ultra Low Power Processors Smart Devices and Sensors Everywhere Wireless is pervasive