Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants ENERGY AND SAVING FROM WATER

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Stephen Shields
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1 Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants ENERGY AND SAVING FROM WAER

2 Ecowatt Hydro micro-hydroelectric power plants Uses Water is the ideal renewable power source, used by man since the beginning of time. Ecowatt Hydro Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants, the results of over fifty years of experience in the field, transform the kinetic energy of the water into precious electricity in a clean way and in full respect for the environment. S series plants are the ideal solution for those places where electrical energy is not available from the domestic power grid while A series plants are suitable for producing energy that may be then transferred to the power grid. hey solve the problem of energy supply in many situations, for example in isolated houses, alpine refuges and pastures, missions and small villages. hey also ensure the operation of electric and electronic equipment for remote signalling, remote control and water purification. Besides the use on streams, these plants may be integrated in aqueducs, having natural waterfall, in order to recover the energy which often has to be dissipated through special and expensive equipment and then transform an expensive service in a source of profit. Ecowatt Hydro Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants provide a considerable contribution to ecology, since they help to avoid the burning of vast quantities of fossil fuel and hydrocarbons, which are held to be widely responsible for air pollution and the greenhouse effect. urbine-generator Group Electric Distribution Board Resistive and Constant Load Electronic Regulating System Electric Energy hermal Energy Other Users Users Air Dissipation Water dissipation S series: Stand-alone Plant urbine-generator Group Users Power Grid Electric Distribution Board A series: Parallel-operated Plant

How it operates S Series ELECRIC CONROL BOARD WAER INAKE LOADING AND FILERING ANK PENSOCK DRAINAGE BLOCK AND CABIN FOR URBINE-GENERAOR GROUP GENERAOR URBINE- GENERAOR GROUP A Series ELECRIC CONROL

3 How it operates S Series ELECRIC CONROL BOARD WAER INAKE LOADING AND FILERING ANK PENSOCK DRAINAGE BLOCK AND CABIN FOR URBINE-GENERAOR GROUP GENERAOR URBINE- GENERAOR GROUP A Series ELECRIC CONROL BOARD USERS Ecowatt Hydro Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants are designed to ensure simple and effective operation in order to reduce the corrective steps during installation, start-up and routine maintenance to a minimum. As for A series, the plant operates automatically, ensuring the switching and the release of the turbine-generator group depending on the mains availability. he different automation levels depends on water conditions and user s needs. As for S series, the plant operates with a constant power supply. he turbine-generator group constantly transforms hydraulic energy into electric power, regardless of the requirements of the electric users. An electronic regulating system continuously monitors and controls the connected load and deviates the energy in excess to the dissipating systems. his energy can be recovered as heat, either for direct heating of the premises, or for the production of hot water. In this way a system of co-generation, i.e. the production of both electrical and heat energy, is obtained. A manually operated secondary regulation makes it possible to modify the water flow to adapt the turbine to seasonal variations. Ecowatt Hydro Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants are highly reliable industrial products. hey have been designed for easy installation even in difficult areas. o obtain a good installation some simple, but necessary building work is required. IREM provide the necessary technical papers to support the design and then the installation and use manual for managing the plant. he installation, connection, start-up and maintenance of the Ecowatt Hydro Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plants do not require the presence of specialised technicians. he system, which requires no specific setting, can be easily started up by an electrician and a plumber with the help of the relevant technical documentation. A series only requires the presence of IREM technicians. ELECRONIC REGULAORS WIH AIR OR WAER DISSIPAION POWER GRID USERS Stand-alone plant Parallel-operated plant

4 Pelton urbines P series hese are suitable for heads from 20 m to 350 m and effective flow rates ranging from 0.5 l/s to 100 l/s.he buckets are made of precision cast stainless steel. All Pelton turbines are fitted with six nozzles controlled by special flow regulation valves which help the efficiency of the system. he runner is directly splined onto the generator shaft, in order to give an improved global output. All the main mechanical parts are in stainless steel. Accurate anti-corrosion processes are applied to all the surfaces NE HEAD H (m) GENE S0 04 P PA S0 02 P PA S0 08 P PA 150 0, P 4 02 D , 20 M S0 A0 P P 40 S2 2 B BA S1 1 B BA PELON BANKI WAER FLOW Q (l/s)

5 Banki or Cross-flow urbines B series hese are suitable for heads from 5 m to 60 m and effective flow rates ranging from 10 l/s to 1,000 l/s. hey offer an excellent solution that reconciles quality, performance and price. he runner and mechanical parts are made of stainless steel. he transmission between runner and generator is entrusted to a cogged belt which ensures the necessary flexibility of the system and optimizes the transmission itself. he flow rate is controlled by a special floodgate which allows variations from 0 to 100%. he operation may be either manual or automatic through electric servo motor. ERAED ELECRIC POWER he data concerning head and available water flow are fundamental for calculating the power output of an Ecowatt Hydro Micro-Hydroelectric Power Plant. By intersecting the X co-ordinate, which shows the head in metres, with the Y co-ordinate, which shows the flow in litres per second, the resulting point will be found between different diagonal sections indicating the electrical power generated, expressed in. he coloured areas highlight the possible operating points of the various standard models available. 300 S4 4 B BA S3 3 B BA

6 he models urbine-generator Group PS024 PA024 Pelton turbine with 6-nozzle distributor and 3 regulation valves. Single-phase, brushless, self-exciting synchronous generator, with 2 poles, 230 Volt, 50Hz. PA model is equipped with three-phase, asynchronous generator with 2 poles, 400 Volt 50/60Hz. Main ball valve with electric actuator. urbine-generator Group PS041 PA041 Pelton turbine, with 6-nozzle distributor and 3 regulation valves. hree/single-phase synchronous, self-exciting, brushless generator, with 4 poles, 400/230 Volt, 50/60 Hz. PA model is equipped with three-phase, asynchronous generator with 4 poles, 400 Volt 50/60Hz. Automatic or manual main valve with 3 to 6 manual or automatic regulation valves. urbine-generator Group PS082 PA082 Pelton turbine, with 6-nozzle distributor and 4 regulation valves. hree/single-phase synchronous, self-exciting, brushless generator, with 4 poles, 400/230 Volt, 50/60 Hz. PA model is equipped with three-phase, asynchronous generator with 4 poles, 400 Volt 50/60Hz. Automatic or manual main valve with 2 to 6 manual or automatic regulation valves.

7 urbine-generator Group PA his system has been designed for parallel connection to the power grid. Pelton turbines with automatic control for parallel connection and automatic release from the power grid and flow rate regulation. hey ensure the optimization of the electric output. DC-operated actuators provide for their operation. he possibility of producing and re-selling electric energy is in some cases an interesting form of economical investment and a contribution to the domestic energy supply. urbine-generator Group BS... BA... Banki turbine with manual or automatic flow regulation from 0 to 100%. hree/single-phase, synchronous, self-exciting, brushless generator, with 4 poles, 400/230 Volt, 50/60 Hz. BA models are equipped with three-phase asynchronous generators with 4 to 6 poles, 400/230 Volt 50/60Hz. DC electricallyoperated automatic main valve. Manual or automatic flow regulation from 0 to 100%. Regulators and Electric Boards RMP Electronic Regulators are essential for S series models. hey are single-phase 230Volt 50/60Hz regulators, equipped with 2 resistors for air or water dissipation and with 5 or 10 resistors for water dissipation. Being modular parts, these may be connected either to single or three-phase systems having different ratings and to any turbine type. QCM and QC electric control boards for S series models provide the electric operation parameters of the plant. hree-single phase control boards fitted with instruments, alarms and protective devices. QPR control boards are designed for A series models (parallel operation to the power grid). hey manage the plant automation and are fitted with protective devices, power factor correction and the instruments necessary to ensure the good operation of the turbine-generator group. On demand, they may be fitted with remote control.

IREM. Experience and Quality IREM is a leading company in the manufacture of electromechanical and electronic equipment for the control of the mains power in the following sectors: - powering of

plants. Since its foundation in 1947, IREM has gained wide recognition due to the reliability and innovative content of its higt-tech products. A reliable company deserving the Oscar-Award.

wo production plants, a philosophy based on quality upgranding as the company s primary concern and direct export exceeding 50% of the global turnover are a warranty of continuity and development.

8 IREM. Experience and Quality IREM is a leading company in the manufacture of electromechanical and electronic equipment for the control of the mains power in the following sectors: - powering of discharge lamps for professional applications; - protection of electric users against line disturbances; - luminous flux regulation in lighting plants; - power generation by micro hydroelectric plants. Since its foundation in 1947, IREM has gained wide recognition due to the reliability and innovative content of its higt-tech products. A reliable company deserving the Oscar-Award. In 1992, in Los Angeles, Mario Celso - founder of IREM - was granted the Scientific-echnical Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. wo production plants, a philosophy based on quality upgranding as the company s primary concern and direct export exceeding 50% of the global turnover are a warranty of continuity and development. Experience, quality and professional skill: these are the factors that permitted IREM to achieve in 1993 the certification of its quality system in compliance with UNI EN ISO 9001 standard, a further confirmation of IREM commitment to constantim provement to ensure the maximum satisfaction of the customer and its capacity to guarantee: a constant quality standard precision and repeatability of all working processes dropping of acceptance control at the customer s plant identification and traceability of a product through the years. In year 2000, IREM obtained the certification of its environment management system according to UNI EN ISO standard.his certification is a firm demonstration of the company s will to protect the environment not just through its products, but also via precise patterns of behaviour. IREM SpA a socio unico - Via Abegg Borgone - orino - IALY el Fax irem@irem.it

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