9. Examples of hydro energy conversion
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1 9. Examples of hydro energy conversion VATech Hydro, Austria Prof. A. Binder 9/1
2 Variable speed pump storage power plant Prof. A. Binder 9/2
3 Conventional pump storage power plant with synchronous motor-generators Generator Kaprun/Austria: Synchronous motorgenerators at fixed synchronous speed, directly grid operated Pelton turbine VA Tech, Austria Prof. A. Binder 9/3
4 Converter breaker Line circuit breaker Line circuit breaker Line transformer Converter transformer Cycloconverter Excitation transformer Line transformer Goldisthal/ Germany Converter breaker power plant Generator circuit breaker Generator circuit breaker AC DC Synchronous Motor/Generator Stator short circuit switch Asynchronous Motor/Generator Stator short circuit switch Variable speed pump storage power plant VA Tech Hydro/Austria Prof. A. Binder 9/4
5 Variable speed pump storage power plant Pump storage power plant Goldisthal/Thuringia, Germany: a) Grid operated synchronous Motor/Generator: Data: 331 MVA, 333.3/min, 18 poles, 50 Hz b) Doubly fed induction motor-generator: Data: 340 MVA, /min, 18 poles, 50 Hz Rotor side converter: Cyclo-converter for low frequency Rotor slip: +10%... 5% slip = max. frequency in rotor 5 Hz Variable speed pump operation saves energy. At low water flow speed and power is decreased, at high water flow rate speed is increased. Prof. A. Binder 9/5
6 Principle of cyclo converter Grid side, grid frequency 50 Hz Four-winding transformer for feeding the converter Thyristor controlled anti-parallel rectifier bridges B6C A: positive B: negative current current Output frequency f out < 50% of input grid frequency, so well suited for low frequency operation Prof. A. Binder 9/6
7 Output wave form of one leg (phase) of cyclo converter Voltage output: Consists of primary grid voltage at different firing angle to get sine wave Current output: Winding inductance smoothes wave to nearly sinusoidal shape Prof. A. Binder 9/7
8 Synchronous generators for small hydro power Prof. A. Binder 9/8
9 Stator iron core for salient pole synchronous generator Radial ventilation ducts VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Low speed operating synchronous generator, river power plant Prof. A. Binder 9/9
10 Massive pole pressing plates Rotor salient pole manufacturing Dove tail rotor pole Lamination pressed by pressing plates VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Prof. A. Binder 9/10
11 Completed salient pole synchronous rotor, 8 poles Fly wheel to increase rotor inertia to limit acceleration in case of load drop Shaft mounted fan with forward bent radial blades for rotation in clockwise direction at fixed speed VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Kauli power plant Prof. A. Binder 9/11
12 Stacking round rotor for synchronous generator Hydraulic cylinders for pressing rotor iron stack Rotor cylindrical iron core 8 pole rotor with 72 rotor slot pitches, but only 48 rotor slots for 24 rotor field coils - 3 concentric field coils per pole - 72 rotor round damper bars VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Prof. A. Binder 9/12
13 Round rotor synchronous machine, 8 poles Three field coils per pole: q r = 3 Damper cage with 9 bars per pole Radial ventilation ducts Glass fibre bandage for fixing rotor coil overhang VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Prof. A. Binder 9/13
14 Inserting two-layer form wound HV stator coils 4 pole winding pitched stator coils VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Prof. A. Binder 9/14
15 Completed stator form-wound HV winding Stator winding overhang of twolayer pitched coil winding connecting copper rings for parallel connection of stator coils VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Prof. A. Binder 9/15
16 Stator housing for cylindrical rotor synchronous machine Welded housing for air-air heat exchanger Housing for stator iron core stator iron core before being inserted stator coils before inserting into stator slots VA Tech Hydro, Bhopal, India Prof. A. Binder 9/16
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