Waiting for the Next Wave: Integration of renewable Generation and Storage into the Grid

Transcription

1 Tim Müller, Head of R&D, BELECTRIC Waiting for the Next Wave: Integration of renewable Generation and Storage into the Grid Eco-friendly Innovative Reliable

2 BELECTRIC: Company profile Yearly total revenue of 550M EUR More than 1,200 employees in 20 countries Over 120 patents registered since 2001 Technology leader in the utility-scale solar power business

3 BELECTRIC: International BELECTRIC Headquarters: Germany - Regional offices: Australia, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, USA

4 Overview: The utility scale storage markets Diesel Fuel Saving Ancillary Service Market

5 PV-Battery Hybrid: Salinas (Puerto Rico) International project development. BESS to fulfill the local grid connection requirements like: Ramp rating Frequency regulation Peak shaving for PV Power Plants. Power of assets: PV Power Plant: 15,5 MWp Battery System: 5,4 MW Further information about the project:

6 PV Power Plant of the Future - R&D project: 9 m budget; funded by German Government with 5 m - Development of PV + battery power plants capable of power grid management

7 Battery standalone: Alt Daber battery park - technology: Advanced Lead Acid - capacity: 1,9 MWh - power: 1,3 MW (1,6 MW) at a 68 MW PV solar farm - frequency response - commercially operating equals the spinning reserve of a 25MW conventional PP - Alt Daber/Germany

8 Prequalification: Alt Daber battery park Press release and articles about the commissioning and the successful prequalification of the Energy Buffer Unit in Alt Daber.

9 Battery standalone: WEMAG battery park - technology: Samsung SDI lithium-ion - capacity: 5 MWh - power: 3,8 MW (5 MW) - frequency response - commercially operating - Schwerin/Germany

10 Battery standalone: DREWAG battery park - technology: LG Lithium-Polymer - capacity: 2,7 MWh - power: 2 MW - frequency response - commercially operating - Dresden/Germany

11 Battery standalone: UPSIDE battery park - technology: lithium-ion - capacity: 5 MWh - power: 5 MW - frequency response - commercially operating - Neuhardenberg/Germany

12 Hybrid System: Battery Innopark Kitzingen Main revenue stream: ancillary service Battery in combination with diesel Genset and PV Peak shaving Self consumption Increasing prequalified power for ancillary services Island grid test field

13 Showcase intelligent Energy SINTEG - 30m budget; funded by German Government - Support the development and piloting of energy networks systems that remain stable even under high loads of volatile generation (wind and solar)

14 Battery Projects: UK - technology: lithium-ion - capacity: 5 MWh - power: 2,5 MW - Darlington/United Kingdom

15 Practical Example: Leighton Buzzard - technology: lithium-ion NMC, Samsung SDI - capacity: 10 MWh - power: 6 MW - DNO Peak shaving / ancillary services including frequency response in preparation - commercially operating - Leighton Buzzard/UK, operated by UKPN

16 Practical Example: Rise Carr, Darlington - technology: 123 sytems Inc., Lithium Iron Nanophosphat - capacity: 5 MWh - power: 2,5 MW - DNO Peak shaving / voltage support - commercially operating - Rise Carr, Darlington/UK, operated for Northern Powergrid

17 Storage: Business opportunities in Europe Business field Description Comment Ancillary services Deliver services to grid operators for network security Frequency response works as a business model (given suitable storage units). Other types of ancillary services will work soon. Peak shaving Optimization of the load profiles of large consumers. Will not form an business model on its own only in conjunction with other revenue streams. Ramp rating Enabling and flexibilization of generation units. Why not? But R&D required.

18 Smarter Frequency Control - 6.9m budget through Ofgem s Network Innovation Competition (NIC) - Test enhanced frequency response (EFR) technologies and create appropriate ancillary service markets.

19 Contributions of batteries to the energy network

20 Regulating reserve: Primary Regulation Reserve (PRR) P [%] 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0-0, t [min] PRR PRL SRR SRL MRL TRR Deliver Time / Scheduling Primary regulating reserve Secondary regulating reserve Weekly Weekly Daily Payment /allowance Power price Power- and Working price Detection Positive and negative Positive and/or negative Tertiary regulating reserve Power- and Working price Positive and/or negative Activation speed < 30 s < 5 min < 15 min Products 1 Products 2 Products (HT&NT) 6 Products (a 4 hours) Technical need Automated (on grid frequency) Automated, external signal/start Automated, external signal/start

21 Regulating reserve: Primary Regulation Reserve (PRR) P [%] 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0-0, t [min] PRR PRL SRR SRL MRL TRR Deliver Time / Scheduling Primary regulating reserve Secondary regulating reserve Weekly Weekly Daily Payment /allowance Power price Power- and Working price Detection Positive and negative Positive and/or negative Tertiary regulating reserve Power- and Working price Positive and/or negative Activation speed < 30 s < 5 min < 15 min Products 1 Products 2 Products (HT&NT) 6 Products (a 4 hours) Technical need Automated (on grid frequency) Automated, external signal/start Automated, external signal/start

22 Regulating reserve: Primary Regulation Reserve (PRR) P [%] 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0-0, t [min] PRR PRL SRR SRL MRL TRR Deliver Time / Scheduling Primary regulating reserve Secondary regulating reserve Weekly Weekly Daily Payment /allowance Power price Power- and Working price Detection Positive and negative Positive and/or negative Tertiary regulating reserve Power- and Working price Positive and/or negative Activation speed < 30 s < 5 min < 15 min Products 1 Products 2 Products (HT&NT) 6 Products (a 4 hours) Technical need Automated (on grid frequency) Automated, external signal/start Automated, external signal/start

23 UK market: ancillary services Energy STOR Firm Frequency Response Fast Reserve DSBR* SBR** System Reactive Constraint Agreements Intertrips Black Start Agreements Mandatory Frequency Response BM Start-Up Fast Start * In use from Nov 2014 ** In use from Nov 2015 Market Tenders Bilateral and Trading

24 How to improve it: The NationalGrid Approach - Rising cost of network operation due to decreasing grid inertia: - Distributed events distributed response - Combined (Hybrid) response providers, i.e. Solar and Batteries combined - Use the advantages of batteries to its fullest: speed, ramp rate, local deployability Source: Alstom / Psymetrix

25 How to improve it: Other european Examples - Swiss Grid (EKZ Zürich): 1x15min full power - Finland: FCR-N: 0-100mHz, FCR-D: mHz FCR-N and FCR-D are active power reserves that activate automatically by changes in frequency. The aim of FCR- N is to maintain the frequency in the normal range of Hz. The aim of FCR-D is to replace the production deficit in case of unexpected disconnection of generation or interconnector. Source: Fingrid (

26 Ho to improve it: Other European examples - TERNA, Italy: Source: Terna Source: Energiemuseum Berlin Activation time is equally important as pure power : short response times reduce total power needed for frequency response savings for the customer System: Pay as performed, RoCoF-Following, etc

27 How to improve it: historical examples Failure simulation (217 MW / 1760 MW) without storage with storage (20 MW) Energie-Museum Berlin

28 Regulatory obstacles: Pool concept Entso-e says: Leistung [kw] Zeit [s] 650 kw

29 Regulatory obstacles: Pool concept Entso-e says: Leistung [kw] Zeit [s] Nevertheless we have to provide energy for minutes of full power, which restricts our BESS in Alt Daber although it is part of a pool. 650 kw

30 Regulatory obstacles: Pool concept Entso-e says: Leistung [kw] Zeit [s] Nevertheless we have to provide energy for minutes of full power, which restricts our BESS in Alt Daber although it is part of a pool. 650 kw Where we are now

31 Regulatory obstacles: Pool concept Entso-e says: Leistung [kw] Zeit [s] Nevertheless we have to provide energy for minutes of full power, which restricts our BESS in Alt Daber although it is part of a pool. 650 kw What the potential is

32 Regulatory obstacles: Defintion of storages Our energy system currently consists of three columns: 1. Producers 2. Carriers 3. Consumers Question: In which category do we integrate batteries? Answer: In none of these categories! To integrate battery storage systems in our energy system we need a new category which should be called: Storage systems! The conditions for energy storage systems are not clarified (e. g. share of the costs). Processes take a long time because the energy companies do not know how to treat battery systems. The relevance of solving this challenage raises with the progress of the Energiewende. Progress of the Energiewende

33 What to watch out for When choosing utility scale batteries

34 Watch out: Containerization Location-independent Modular & Scalable Quick project realization Factory tested

35 Watch out: Cooling and setup

36 Watch out: Cooling and setup

37 Watch out: SCADA and safety Current SoC Voltage Operation state Power over time SoC over time Frequency Temperature Grid connection Trough temperature Voltage per cell Fans Blinds Current per cell Electrolyte circul. BMS

38 Watch out: Mass production items Low Cost High Quality Comprehensive Warranties

39 Watch out: Cell technology Typical SoC-Graphs:

40 Watch out: Cell technology Typical SoC-Graphs: SOC [%] :50:24 10:04:48 10:19:12 10:33:36 10:48:00 11:02:24 11:16:48 11:31:12 time [HH:MM:SS] SoC- profile of ancillary services suits very well the intrinsic capabilities of advanced lead acid batteries. Main aging modes: - Time weighted «Depth of Discharge» (DoD) low - Partial state of charge - controlled at optimum value ( cpsoc )

41 Watch out: Lifetime and warranties Use case Frequency response Yearly cycles < 300 Number of expected full cycles Number of guarantied full cycles

42 Watch out: Commercial facts Price for one EBU: incl. inverter and transformer Business Case according to current PRR prices (fig. below): Return on equity: 9 16 % ROI : 5 9 % Payback time: 5 years Payback time (config. Alt Daber): ca. 3,5 years /MW /MW /MW /MW /MW /MW Development PRR-price in the last few years

43 BELECTRIC The better electric. Headquarters Germany: BELECTRIC, Wadenbrunner Str. 10, Kolitzheim, Telefon: ,