Vejforum Tramways safety and public space, the French case. Dominique BERTRAND Certu (France)

Transcription

1 Vejforum 2013 Tramways safety and public space, the French case Dominique BERTRAND Certu (France)

2 contents a few words about Certu context of French tramways tramways safety : figures and facts tramways safety : management urban insertion of tramways : safety as a main goal

3 Certu in brief National department of French Ministries of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Energy, Transport and Territorial planning and Housing Capitalizes, develops and disseminates knowledge and methodologies on a wide range of urban issues For local authorities, institutes and companies which are involved in public service activities, and also at an international level

4 Fields of activity Road Traffic and safety Transportation Systems Cities and Public Facilities Environment Sustainable Development Accessible cities for all people Roads and Public Spaces Town Planning & Transportation Transversal projects Accessible roads for everybody Mobility and Transport Geographical Information Urban Planning and Housing Risk management & Urban Planning Energy

5 Certu s missions Statistics, observation, standardization Methodologies Good practices Newsletters Articles in the specialized press Web site Studies Knowledge Capitalization Dissemination Experts reports Training, Conferences participation Experimentation assessments Publications

6 Certu is to join CEREMA With 2 other technical state offices : - SETRA (inter-urban roads and transport, bridges - CETMEF (sea and rivers) And with the CETE : 8 regional centres for technical studies techniques of the ministry A new French scientific and technical public agency : the CEREMA (on 1/1/2014)

7 The COST Action TU1103 Safety & operation of tramways in interaction with public space 15 countries (+ UITP), 34 partners

8 Tramway systems in France (end of 2012) Les tramways en france T4 Aulnay Bondy T3 Lyon TT Mulhouse Vallée de la Thur 8

9 a few «historical» networks Tramways in France 2 surviving lines (StEtienne, Lille) A few renewal pioneers (Rouen, Strasbourg, Grenoble, Nantes, Paris reg.) a wave of new networks at beginning of Years 2000 Essentially in big urban areas (Lyon, Montpellier, Bordeaux, Orléans, Mulhouse) 120 a continuous development since A few more 100 big cities (Clermont Fd, Marseille, Nice, Paris, Toulouse) 90 extensions 80 of big networks (Lyon, Montpellier, Nantes, Strasbourg) New networks in smallers cities (Angers, 50 Brest, Le Havre, Le Mans, Reims, ) Métro Bus guidé Tramway Tram-train 9

10 main general caracteristics 25 networks, 57 lines, 600 km (avril 2013) Radial lines through city centres, based on traffic generation hotspots (universities, hospitals) et high density housing areas Tram lines = base of re-structured PT networks P+R in suburbs Tramways in France Mainly exclusive right of way (2% of total length in mixed traffic) Layouts and rolling stock oriented on accessibility for disabled people compulsory application 10

11 Actors in French public transport Regulation and control => State Management of PT systems => AOT : organising authorities State => national railawys & coach lines Regions => regional railways Departments => interurban coach lines, local railways Local AOT (cities) => urban transport Providing of transport services => Operator for urban transport TT Mulhouse Vallée de la Thur T4 Aulnay Bondy mainly, private companies through a contract with AOT a few public companies T3 Lyon Roads and public space and traffic management In towns : cities (or federation of cities) 11

12 Accidents key figures a national database about «events» managed by STRMTG data collected by operators tools and results shared with operators Distribution of events by types (raw data) Répartition des événements par types (données brutes) Fire / explosion Incendie Explosion Déraillement/bivoie Accident voyageur Collision entre rames Obstacle on tracks Derailment Collision 3rd p. Traveller accid. Other event Collision obstacle sur voie Collision avec un tiers Autre événement Collision / tram 12

13 Accidents key figures the aim is not to compare networks performance but to follow tendancies at national or local levels, and to identify major issues and stakes Evolution of events / km run 0,900 0,894 0,844 0,854 0,842 0,789 0,772 0,739 0,600 0,456 0,494 0,468 0,463 0,454 0,391 0,379 0,346 0,355 0, Graphique 06 bus TW 13

14 Accidents ratios main parts of events : 80% Collisions with 3rd parties (67%) cars 60% 40% pedestrians 20% 0% 2 roues motorisés autre Piéton TC ou PL> 3,5t Vélo VL VU <3,5t Graphique Travellers accidents (30%) Mostly falling down inside tram 80% (mainly due to Emergency breaking) Other causes : people falling on/from platforms caught or pulled by trams 14

15 Accidents ratios distribution of victims : Travellers accidents Collisions / 3rd p. serious victims (killed or highly injured) Ser. injured killed 15

16 collisions with third parties : Accidents ratios 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% bikes pedestrians trucks bicycles 2 roues motorisés autre Piéton TC ou PL>3,5t Vélo VL VU <3,5t cars Graphique victims in collisions with third parties 40% 20% 0% 2 roues motorisés autre Piéton TC ou PL>3,5t Vélo VL VU <3,5t bikes pedestrians trucks bicycles cars

17 Accidents ratios collisions with third parties : spatial distribution roundabouts Risque collision Simple 4 crossings 3 «turn on» junctions Other junctions Station 02.Traversée03.Tourne à 04.Giratoire 05.Piétons simple cycles 06.Accès riverain 07.Entrée site banal 08.Autre intersection 09.Site propre 10.Site partagé 11.Site banal Most dangerous place are junctions with cars, especially roundabouts and «turn on» junctions (with tram in one s back) Shared spaces seems not to be really more dangerous than segregated lanes 17

18 Main key factors for tram safety Mutual visibilities Plants, parked vehicles, urban furniture, buildings Readabilty of layouts Design, materials, Bad awareness of other modes needs Pedestrians, cyclists needs Lack of attention and awareness of danger Mobile phones, portables devices, Speed of vehicles (and tramways) 18

19 Safety, an essentiel stake a direct stake but also an indirect one, because of impact on productivity : regularity availability commercial speed corporate image operation costs disruptions due to accidents immobilized vehicles damaged facilities services breaks prevention methods restrictives orders distrusting driving drivers stress 19

20 STPG * regulations, as a facilitator a regulation background : new projects from 2003 : commitments during the project existing lines in 2003 : regularization in the next 10 years a continuous process : annual reports by operators a national accidents database technical audits in networks by STRMTG * STPG : safety for public guided transport (Decree , May 9 th 2003) 20

21 safety, a federating issue around LRT Designers 1st look Organising authorities Road managers Building companies SAFETY Operators Independant safety experts 2nd look Public space users State offices regulators 21

22 What the urban insertion of tramways means = the physical integration of a transport system in the public space, and its interaction with other users and activities pedestrians bicycles motorized vehicles parking and deliveries residents activities urban services maintenance actions

23 What the urban insertion of tramways means => sharing the public space => handling uses conflicts in space => infrastructure design Nantes Lyon in time => traffic management and operation 2 3 Nantes 23

24 An integrated approach of transport systems Rolling stock Infrastructure : ordinary section, crossroads stops Operation

25 To let LRT run (back*) in the French streets we had to take the cars place! St - Etienne => getting dedicated running ways (most often) 2 5 * streetcars had quite disappeared in French towns... Reims 25

26 a chance to re-design public space full revision of cross-sections (frontage to frontage) introduction of singular points : the stops St - Etienne Nantes technical elements to be installed

27 Some favourable elements of context Accessibility rules ( handicap law, Feb. 2005) Promotion of active modes 2 7 Bicycles must be taken in account in projects ( LAURE law) Moderation of cars in city centers ( Code de la rue decrees) Clermont Fd 27

28 2 essential entries Main basics for road design Tram has got the priority, as it s a rail vehicle Tram drivers run «on sight» between junctions and stops at stops at junctions Segregated lanes when relevant Other modes taken in account (to avoid use of tram tracks) Shared space with traffic management (put the tram in front of cars) Accessibility for disabled people, an essential tool Taking in account pedestrians routes (they will do so anyway) Matching of Design and traffic management believable signage and traffic management Mutual visibilities 28

29 Thanks for your attention Karlsruhe Mél. : dominique-g.bertrand@cerema.fr Lyon T3 29