Load Balancing within Electricity Distribution Grids enabling High Penetration of Photovoltaic Power Systems

Transcription

1 T Load Balancing within Electricity Distribution Grids enabling High Penetration of Photovoltaic Power Systems Gerd Heilscher Marion Schroedter-Homscheidt Carsten Hoyer-Klick Florian Meier Holger Ruf Daniel Stetter 1 Agenda Distributions Grids and PV Status Quo Approach Roof Potential Analysis Distribution Grid Analysis Pro-Active Grid Planning Conclusion & Outlook 2

2 Electricity Distribution Grid and Photovoltaik Power Systems Situation Germany - Feed in Tariff Situation USA - Utility driven integration PV system has to be connected Utility has to upgrade network infrastructure Detailed grid integration study needed if PV > 15% of max load Fast market growth High investment into grid infrastructure Re-action instead of forward looking cost effective design High development cost Slow market development No momentum for transformation of grid infrastructure Approach Pro-Active Integration of PV Systems How should I prepare/ transform the grid infrastructure for high share of PV energy input? What are suitable technical solutions? What are the costs for these solutions? Which solutions are cost effective?

3 Roof Potential Analysis - Concept Laser Scanning Irradiance 3D - Model 3D Scatter Plot Digital Ground Model Calculation Solar Roof Potential f(x) solar Stereo-Images Photogrammetry Analysis Cadastral Land Register Images: re.jrc.ec.europa.eu Solar Roof Potential Analysis Experiences Luftbild (GoogleMaps) LUBW Potentialatlas EE SunArea+GridiT/Blom SunArea+TopScan Old LaserScan (March 2002) No details shown Spacial resolution of basic data to low Insufficient results from photogrammetric analysis Better but still disappointing results after improved analysis Detailed LaserScan 4-6 pixel/m² High resolution Solar potential analysis in progress

4 Distribution Grid 110kV Distribution Grid Today P, B, U, I, 20kV Grid operators have no measurements at the low voltage level V Peak current readout every 4 years at transformer level Information on Status of Low Voltage Grid Needed! Experiences gained on the Way to the Smart Grid Today: 130 Buildings Load 767 MWh PV kwp Transformer 630 kva Tomorrow: PV-100% kwp Transf.load 227 % Feeder Lines Load Voltage A 30% 1,00 B 14% 1,00 C 170% 1,09 D 96% 1,04 E 57% 1,03 F 111% 1,07 G 150% 1,11 H 22% 1,05 8

5 Results from Test Site 1 Variability of Load and PV-Input Feeder NO PV Feeder WITH PV 0 kwp 53 kwp Quelle: Auswertung von Wirkleistungssprüngen an einem Niederspannungstransformator mit PV-Einspeisung, S. Schäfer, Bad Staffelstein

6 Voltage Fluctuation at Bus Bar 0:00 12:00 24:00 207V 230V 253V 11 Influence from Medium Voltage Grid Influence Load and PV Input Influence Medium Voltage 12

7 Roof Potential Analysis Forward Looking Grid Planning Load of Feeder Line [%] 100% PV 75% PV 60% PV 50% PV 25% PV Hour of the Year Feeder C PV100% 1,08 pu 1,06 1,04 1,02 Reinforcement of Feeder Lines 1,03 pu Today: 130 Buildings Load 767 MWh PV kwp Transformer 630 kva Tomorrow: PV-100% kwp Transf.load 227 % Feeder Lines Load Voltage A 30% 1,00 B 14% 1,00 C 170% 1,09 D 96% 1,04 E 57% 1,03 F 111% 1,07 G 150% 1,11 H 22% 1,05 14

8 Feeder H PV100% Local Use of Feed in Management 1,03 pu Feed-In Management instead of feeder line reinforcement Power reduction several hours Energy loss 0,3% Today: 130 Buildings Load 767 MWh PV kwp Transformer 630 kva Tomorrow: PV-100% kwp Transf.load 227 % Feeder Lines Load Voltage A 30% 1,00 B 14% 1,00 C 170% 1,09 D 96% 1,04 E 57% 1,03 F 111% 1,07 G 150% 1,11 H 22% 1,05 15 Conclusion & Outlook Need forward looking concepts for effective grid integration Further work needed to make use of the potential of roof potential analysis Each feeder has different situation. Development of network planning tools to expand concept from test sites to distribution grid Integration of network planning tool into grid operation

9 Solar Services in the Distribution Grid Step 1: Grid Planning Strategic grid planning Optimized investment decisions Step 2: Grid Operation Actual solar power input Status of distribution grid Input for grid simulation Step 3: Pro-Active Grid Operation Solar Power Forecast Grid state forecast Short term forecast Scheduling of reserves Active Grid Planning and Operation Roof Potential Analysis Shading Satellite Pictures PV System Info PV Modell Weather Data Electricity Network Data Grid Calculation Weather Forecast Load Flow, Voltage, Feed In Management, Power Quality

10 Contact Florian Meier SWU Netze GmbH Karlstr. 1 D Ulm Florian.meier@swu.de Prof. Gerd Heilscher, Holger Ruf Ulm University of Applied Sciences Eberhard Finckh Str. 11 D Ulm heilscher@hs-ulm.de ruf@hs-ulm.de Marion Schroedter-Homscheidt DLR Oberpfaffenhofen marion.schroedter-homscheidt@dlr.de