Advanced Energy Conversion Engineering

Transcription

1 FY2016 Advanced Energy Conversion Engineering Tuesday 13:00-14:30 Kashiwa Campus: Kiban-Bldg. 3F 2D8 Hongo Campus: Information Tech. Center 1F

2 Lecture Theme (Outline) Keywords: Energy in space, Terrestrial Energy, Renewable Energy, Wireless Power Transfer, and so on. - Direct Energy Conversion Light, RF wave energy to electricity - Photo Voltaic Cells, Rectenna Heat to electricity - Thermoelectric & Thermionic Converter, Nuclear P.G. Vibration to electricity Piezoelectric convertor - Wireless Power Transfer with Magnetic induction & Resonance Laser & Microwave Beaming - Systems Solar Power Satellite Metal Fuel Energy Cycle Solar Pumped laser Nuclear Power Generator 2

3 Schedule /4 Wireless Power Transfer and its applications 10/11 Magnetic Induction and Resonance Coupling 10/18 Electromagnetic Radiation and Power Beaming 10/25 Laser Energy Transmission 11/1 Solar-Pumped Laser and Metal Energy Cycle by Dr. B. Wang (11/8) No class 11/15 Microwave Energy Transmission 11/22 Orbital Transfer 11/29 Solar Wind and Space Environment Utilization 12/6 Solar Power Satellite by Prof. Tanaka 12/13 Millimeter Wave Technology by Dr. Y. Oda 12/20 Reserve 1/10 Photovoltaic Power Converter 1/17 Thermoelectric/Thermionic Convertor 3

4 Contact address etc. Download materials (Slides & report format) Rating by report submission on each lecture 4

5 Wireless Power Transfer and its applications 5

6 Variety of WPT Applications 6

7 Application #1 To electric vehicles & ubiquitous devices Reduction in Battery weight long endurance long mileage 7

8 Mobility and Fuel Load B787-8 Dream Liner (Tokyo-Seattle) take-off weight 210 ton fuel 100 ton (48%) payload 41 ton (20%) H2B rocket (to GTO) lift-off weight 540 ton fuel/propellant 458 ton (85%) payload 8 ton (1.5%) Trade-off relation between mobility and fuel load Refueling or Wireless Power Supply 8

9 Refueling Aerial refueling KC-135R Stratotanker to F-16 Mid-ship refueling Japanese refueling mission in the Indian Ocean Satellite refueling Orbital Express - NextSat 9

10 Laser Power Transmission to Micro Aerial Vehicle Laser-Powered Aircraft (NASA Marshall center), 2003 A kite plane and auto-tracking/pointing system (Kinki University)

11 Beamed Energy Rocket Concept of laser launch system Laser lightcraft 11

12 Application #2 To battery-less micro devices/sensors (for surveillance, monitoring) - Micro-robots for larger operation area, longer endurance, smaller size - RF ID tag, card etc. - Low efficiency is acceptable in Low power applications. 12

13 RFID tag no battery, inexpensive maintenance free wireless power/data transmission Animal identification Product tracking Sushi-tray counter 13

14 Battery-less drive Wireless Sensor, Waspmote Felica card(sony) Buttery-less Wireless Sensor Network, 芝浦工大 14

15 Micro flying objects Target Receiver System 5.8GHz 2.45GHz Energy Pilot Beam Signal Tracking System PC Digital control Phase difference phase Transmitter System Active phased array MPT system (Univ. of Tokyo) 15

16 Application #3 No-wire between two fixed nodes As energy infrastructure - from space to ground - to isolated island - to mountainous area - reduction in harness weight - flexible arrangement of home appliance - wireless grid sensors 5 GW power generated in space is transferred to the ground for 36,000 km. Wire-harness of Mercedes Benz S-class is 50 kg in weight and 3 km in length. 16

17 Power feed from fixed point to fixed point Microwave power transfer demonstration at Goldstone, California, 1975 NASA JPL & Raytheon: 30 kw, 2.45 GHz for 1 mile rectenna efficiency. 2D power transfer sheet (The Univ. of Tokyo, 国際 産学共同研究センター ) 17

18 1 Magnetic induction & Short range transfer (L /D <1) 2 Magnetic resonance & Middle range transfer (1< L /D <10 ) 3 Beamed Radiation & Long range transfer (1 L /D) L : Transmittable distance D : diameter or transmitter aperture 18

19 Charging on a table Electric toothbrush Maxell Air-voltage Qi standard Safety of electric appliance in a wet area. User Comfort use anytime and anywhere, no plugging and unplugging 19

20 Electric money card Public transport passes in Tokyo Smart pass in Bangkok 20

21 High-speed charging to EVs IPT hybrid bus (MLIT Hino motors) Electric vehicle (Nissan Leaf) 21

22 2D WPT sheet The Univ. of Tokyo Location of the device is contactlessly detected by the array of organic transistors (detector). Then, an element flat-coil on that location is selected via micro-mechanical switch. Finally power is provided to the coil just under the device. Transmission Efficiency: higher than 80% Transmittable power: 40 W Low cost per area by using printing technology. 22

23 1 Magnetic induction & Short range transfer (L /D <1) 2 Magnetic resonance & Middle range transfer (1< L /D <10 ) 3 Beamed Radiation & Long range transfer (1 L /D) 23

24 Magnetic resonance transfer demonstration MIT 2007 Power: 60 W Distance: 1.8 m Coil diameter: 0.9 m. Transmission efficiency: 40% RF: MHz Intel: Intel Developer Forum 2008 Power: 60 W Distance: 2 m 24

25 WiTricity concept non-radiative & non-dissipative : High Q (quality) factor: oscillation decay time/ oscillation period High dielectric constant/electric conductivity MHz-order RF strongly coupled Exactly same frequencies; transmitter, receiver, and RF wave. 25

26 Transmission distance and efficiency η = P S + P P W D + P W Transmission distance and efficiency. Coil diameter is 90cm. 26

27 1 Magnetic induction & Short range transfer (L /D <1) 2 Magnetic resonance & Middle range transfer (1< L /D <10 ) 3 Beamed Radiation & Long range transfer (1 L /D) 27

28 Beamed Radiation (EM Beaming) Solar Power Satellite System (USEF) All the power is radiated. Directionality must be high enough to achieve high transmission efficiency Active phased array antennas 28

29 A directional electromagnetic beam Monochromatic having narrow range of wavelength mode locked Coherence phased An advancing wave is the sum of all the secondary waves arising from points in the medium already traversed. Coherent wave superposition (Huygens Fresnel principle ) 29

30 Coherent beam source Active phased array antenna (Kyoto Uinv., Kobe Univ. ) 30

31 4. Energy Harvesting from the environment Mechanical Energy from sources such as vibration, mechanical stress and strain (Piezo Electric) Thermal Energy waste energy from furnaces, heaters, and friction sources (Thermal Electric) Light Energy captured from sunlight or room light via photo sensors, photo diodes, or solar panels (Photo Electric) Electromagnetic Energy from inductors, coils and transformers (Inductive/Magnetic) Natural Energy from the environment such as wind, water flow, ocean currents, and solar Human Body a combination of mechanical and thermal energy naturally generated from bio-organisms or through actions such as walking and sitting Other Energy from chemical and biological sources 31