Quantitative Security Evaluation of Smart Systems

Transcription

1 Quantitative Security Evaluation of Smart Systems image Fuji Corporation

2 Smart Grids Source: C. Efthymiou and G. Kalogridis, Smart Grid Privacy via Anonymization Of Smart Metering Data, Toshiba Research Europe Ltd.

3 PROSUMER PROducer-conSUMER Smart Grids Source: C. Efthymiou and G. Kalogridis, Smart Grid Privacy via Anonymization Of Smart Metering Data, Toshiba Research Europe Ltd.

4 Smart Grids Advantages: Efficient distribution Improved stability Lower carbon footprint Dynamic pricing Remote reading

5 Smart Grids Concerns: Advantages: Efficient distribution Occupancy data Improved stability Device & lifestyle profiling Lower carbon footprint Insurance adjustment Dynamic pricing More? Remote reading

6 Load Monitoring Sunday electricity demand profile for a household with a gas-fired central heating system. Recorded on a 1-minute time base. Source: M. Newborough and P. Augood, Demand-side management opportunities for the UK domestic sector. IEEE Proceedings on Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 146, issue

7 Questions of Interest When are you usually home? Do you have an electronic alarm? When do you usually shower? How often do you drive while sleep-deprived? How often do you get home after bars close? Do you break the speed limit driving from home to work? Do you forget appliances turned on? Have you left your kid at home alone? Do you have any disabilities? What is your age, gender, religion, race and ethnicity? How often do you eat in? Do you eat hot or cold breakfast? Do you possess a washing machine / dryer? How often do you use them?

8 Questions of Interest When are you usually home? Do you have an electronic alarm? When do you usually shower? How often do you drive while sleep-deprived? How often do you get home after bars close? Do you break the speed limit driving from home to work? Do you have any disabilities? What is your age, gender, religion, race and ethnicity? How often do you eat in? Do you eat hot or cold breakfast? Do you forget appliances turned on? Have you left your kid at home alone? Do you possess a washing machine / dryer? How often do you use them? Estimated value: $1Bn/year in USA & Canada in 2019 Source: Navigant Research

9 Smart Grids Source: C. Efthymiou and G. Kalogridis, Smart Grid Privacy via Anonymization Of Smart Metering Data, Toshiba Research Europe Ltd.

10 Smart Grids Source: C. Efthymiou and G. Kalogridis, Smart Grid Privacy via Anonymization Of Smart Metering Data, Toshiba Research Europe Ltd.

11 Automated analysis The QUAIL analyzer Our Quantitative Analyzer for Information Leakage implements the analysis of terminating systems. Powerful imperative WHILE language with loops, arrays, for... translated to Markovian semantics Available at Examples: Authentication protocols, with various password sizes Dining cryptographers, with various coin probabilities...

12 Information leakage in a Smart Grid Smart Grid with houses of different sizes: S, M or L. Secret: whether each house is occupied Observable: the total consumption of the block Consumption Scen S L M A 1 2 B 1 5

13 Information leakage in a Smart Grid Smart Grid with houses of different sizes: S, M or L. Secret: whether each house is occupied Observable: the total consumption of the block Consumption Scen S L M A 1 2 B 1 5 Scen #houses S A 75% 75% 75% 0 min A 6 6% 14% 29% 90 min A 9 2% 7% 17% 180 min A 12 1% 5% 12% 210 min M L Avg. time

14 Information leakage in a Smart Grid Smart Grid with houses of different sizes: S, M or L. Secret: whether each house is occupied Observable: the total consumption of the block Consumption Scen S L M A 1 2 B 1 5 Scen #houses S B 100% 100% 100% 15 min B 6 19% 19% 6% 75 min B 9 2% 8% 20% 150 min B % 5% 14% 180 min M L Avg. time

15 Conclusions Smart Grids decrease cost and waste of energy They also pose significant privacy problems Small-scale data aggregation is insufficient for protection If you cannot avoid giving away your data, at least don't give it away for free! Thank you for your attention!