OCCTO J METI Journal., , p.12.

Transcription

1 ) 2.2 J c y 16 4 y y c Hz 60Hz FC y FC y i 2004 ESCJ 4 10 ESCJ 15 y c iy OCCTO T i 4V 2 y Ⅰ y 2016 oy c oo J METI Journal., , p.12.

2 y Ⅰ y Ⅰ 2.3 IJ c 1990 o 6 Centrica, EDF, E.ON, RWE npower, Scottish Power, Scottish and Southern oi o λo 2020 y y 15 FiT 35 y c y y y2020 y y o y ieu λ 7 c OFGEM y y λ y y y λo y

3 c 20 y y λo y ,300 y confusopoly 2 y oo cσ o y y y y c British Energy BE 2002 EDF 2008 BE EDF i TVEDFCentricaE.ON RWE npower EDF 3 CGN EU Brexit (MWe) T EDF Energy C-1 EPR 1, C-2 EPR 1, C-1 EPR 1,670 K C-2 EPR 1,670 K Horizon 1 ABWR 1, ABWR 1, B-1 ABWR 1,380 K 2020 B-2 ABWR 1,380 K AP1000 1, V NuGeneration 2 AP1000 1,135 K AP1000 1,135 K 2027 CGN B-1 HPR1000 1,150 K B-2 HPR1000 1,150 K World Nuclear Association IC

4 3.2 J I y (1) io y i y 11 y (2) y (3) y 2020 y o y y y (4) T 4 23 V (5) λ λ oλ (6) J J (3) (2013), p J (1) (2013), p J (5) (2017), p.14.

5 Hz 60Hz FC 4 (7) kw 90 kw FC 120 kw 210 kw 2016 yy 1 y y i 2 Ⅰ o y y 3 y i y4 y i y i PPS 4 PPS y p.2. ( ) y 2004 ESCJ4 (8) ESCJ o ESCJ J OCCTO OCCTO T i 4V 2y J y ) ) o y ) σy 2y ) y y ) ) o y y ) σy 2y ) y y ) y

6 (9) y yy y i15 7 (10) y y y y Ⅰ 3 o i oo i iy Ⅰ y y y OCCTO y λo oo y y Ⅰ Ⅰ y oⅠ 2020 y λi (11) y io LNG y 3.2.2J 5 λ

7 λ y (12) (11) ( ), pp , (2015 ) (12) pp.80-83, (2017 ) I oo 17 4 i y i y () p.3, ( ) () ( ) () p.55, ( ) () y ( ) () p.14, ( ) () p.1, ( ) () 9 6 p.2, ( ) () p.32, (2017 ) () ( ) (10) ( )

8 ( 3.3 IJ I NGET (1) (2) o 6 Centrica, EDF, E.ON, RWE npower, Scottish Power, Scottish and Southern oi i JJ (3) y EU Large Combustion Plants Directive (4) λo y (5) i (6) EMR (7) o FiT CfD J DECC (3) (2015), p J DECC (6) (2015), p y 35 y y IJ y 2020 y (8) yo y (9) EU λ J NAO (2) (2012), p J SSE SSE 2 3

9 ) OFGEM (10) OFGEM y (11) i y λ yyn y4 y λo y J Moore (9) (2014), p J 20 y (12) y (13) λo y Dual Fuel2013 1,300 y J Buckley and Moss (12) (2014), p J Utilitiessavings, UK UKPN EDF λ i SSE UKPN J Buckley and Moss (12) (2014), p.16.

10 OFGEM (14) λ o confusopoly (15) 1997 (16) 2 y o (17) Ⅰ (18) JI o (19) y (20) JJ OFT, OFGEM and CMA (17) (2014), p IJ OFT, OFGEM and CMA (17) (2014), p y y 35 λy J DECC (13) (2013), p J OFGEM (20) (2015) IC D 2014 D ED ,303 1,237 1,118 1,243 1,266 1,312 1,277 1,150 1,300 1,

11 o i y y oy J British Energy BE 2002 EDF 2008 BE EDF i TV EDFCentricaE.ONRWE npower EDF 3 CGN T EDF y 2 Areva EPRy Centrica EDF 2013 CGN EDF 66.5 CGN 33.5 Horizon E.ON RWE npower GE ABWR V NuGeneration NuGen GDF 2015 ENGIE Iberdrola 2013 Iberdrola NuGen Westinghouse WH AP WH GDF y NuGen 4 CGN yt CGN y 5 1 HPR1000 CGN 66.5EDF 33.5T MWe EDF Energy C-1 EPR 1, C-2 EPR 1, C-1 EPR 1,670 C-2 EPR 1,670 Horizon 1 ABWR 1, ABWR 1, B-1 ABWR 1, B-2 ABWR 1, AP1000 1, NuGeneration 2 AP1000 1, AP1000 1, CGN B-1 HPR1000 1,150 B-2 HPR1000 1,150 World Nuclear Association IC I o 1 y 2 y oo (21) y Ⅰ io (22) 3 y iⅠ 4 y EU Brexit yieu EU EDF y (23) y

12 , () OFGEM, National Grid Electricity Transmission System Operator Incentives from 1 April 2011, p.3 (2011) () NAO, Department of Energy and Climate Change: The government s longterm plans to deliver secure, low carbon and affordable electricity, p.8 (2012) () DECC, Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics, p.121 (2015) () Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants (2001) () : 3.11 ik,, pp (2012) () DECC, Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics, p.119 (2015) () DECC, Electricity Market Reform: Policy Overview (2012), DECC, Consultation on the draft Electricity Market Reform Delivery Plan (2013), DECC, Electricity Market Reform: Consultation on Proposals for Implementation (2013), DECC, Electricity Market Reform: Delivering UK Investment (2013), DECC and OFGEM, Synergies and Conflicts of Interest arising from the Great Britain System Operator delivering Electricity Market Reform (2012) () DECC, More interconnection: improving energy security and lowering bills (2013) () S Moore, Getting Interconnected: How can interconnectors compete to help lower bills and cut carbon?, Policy Exchange, p.7 (2014) (10) OFGEM, The December 2013 storms review impact on electricity distribution customers (2014) (11) OFGEM, The December 2013 storms review impact on electricity distribution customers, pp (2014) (12) R Buckley and A Moss, Competition in British household energy supply markets: An independent assessment, Cornwall Energy (2014) (13) DECC, Estimated impacts of energy and climate change policies on energy prices and bills, p.9 (2013) (14) OFGEM, Charts: Outlook for costs that make up energy bills, Breakdown of a dual fuel bill (2015) (15) OFT, An introduction to Confusopoly (2013), OFT, Competition in public services (2013), UK Regulators Network, Consumer engagement and switching (2014) (16) S Adams, The Dilbert Future, HarperBusiness (1997) (17) OFT, OFGEM and CMA, State of the Market Assessment, pp (2014) (18) OFGEM, The Retail Market Review Implementation of Simpler Tariff Choices and Clearer Information (2013) (19) P Bolton, Components of an energy bill, Standard Note: SN/06751 (2014) (20) OFGEM, Charts: Outlook for costs that make up energy bills, Chart data as of April 2015 (2015) (21) P Bolton, Energy Prices, Standard Note: SN/SG/4153 (2013), OFGEM, Electricity and Gas Supply Market Report (2010), OFGEM, The Retail Market Review -Findings and initial (2011), OFGEM, The Retail Market Review -Updated domestic proposals (2012) (22) : No.613p.71, ( ) (23) : pp.77-80, (2017 )