CHAPTER 18 WEIGHT AND BALANCE
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1 CHAPTER 18 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Section Title Leveling Leveling at Lower Right Side Frame Tube & Aft Landing Gear Cross Tube Leveling at Main Rotor Hub Leveling at Keel Panels Weighing and CG Calculation Preparing Helicopter for Weighing Weighing Procedure and Calculations Fixed Ballast Page OCT 2018 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance Page 18.i
2 Intentionally Blank Page 18.ii Chapter 18 Weight and Balance OCT 2018
3 CHAPTER 18 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Leveling Perform leveling and weighing in a zero-wind environment. Verify spirit level is calibrated by placing level on a designated surface and noting bubble position. Rotate spirit level 180 ; verify bubble is in the same position Leveling at Lower Right Side Frame Tube & Aft Landing Gear Cross Tube Use this leveling method for R22 Standard & R22 HP models only. 1. Place a bubble level on lower right steel tube frame horizontal member at location marked LEVEL HERE. 2. Level helicopter longitudinally by placing shims under landing gear skid tubes or jacks under outboard edge of aft cross tube. 3. Place bubble level on center of landing gear aft cross tube. 4. Level helicopter laterally by placing shims under landing gear skid tubes or jacks under outboard edge of aft cross tube. 5. Recheck level per steps 1 & 3 and adjust as required. OCT 2018 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance Page 18.1
4 FIGURE 18-1 LEVELING AT KEEL PANELS FIGURE 18-2 DETERMINING CG USING WATER LEVEL Page 18.2 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance OCT 2018
5 18-12 Leveling at Main Rotor Hub 1. Place a bubble level atop MR hub. Use this leveling method for all R22 models. Level must be parallel to teeter hinge bolt. 2. Rotate main rotor until teeter hinge bolt is aligned with longitudinal axis of helicopter. 3. Level helicopter longitudinally by placing shims under landing gear skid tubes or jacks under outboard edge of aft cross tube. 4. Rotate main rotor until teeter hinge bolt is aligned with lateral axis of helicopter. 5. Level helicopter laterally by placing shims under landing gear skid tubes or jacks under outboard edge of aft cross tube. Jacks may be used under aft cross tube 1 inch inboard from each elbow. 6. Recheck level per steps 2 & 4 and adjust as required Leveling at Keel Panels Use this leveling method for all R22 models. 1. Remove horizontal panel between seat bottoms and remove cyclic box cover. 2. Place a bubble level on top edge of right keel panel per Figure 18-1 Detail A. 3. Level helicopter longitudinally by placing shims under landing gear skid tubes or jacks under outboard edge of aft cross tube. 4. Place a bubble level across two keel panels per Figure 18-1 Detail B. 5. Level helicopter laterally by placing shims under landing gear skid tubes or jacks under outboard edge of aft cross tube. 6. Recheck level per steps 2 & 4 and adjust as required. OCT 2018 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance Page 18.3
6 18-20 Weighing and CG Calculation Reweigh helicopter when helicopter empty weight and empty weight center of gravity have been modified and if the accuracy of additional calculations is suspect. Maintain a continuous record of the helicopter s weight and balance using the Weight and Balance Record in R22 Pilot s Operating Handbook (POH) Section 6. Verify scales are calibrated. Operate scales according to scale manufacturer s instructions. Never weigh the helicopter in the wind. Weigh helicopter on a level, flat, hard surface in a zero-wind environment for accurate scale readings Preparing Helicopter for Weighing 1. Defuel helicopter per Service engine oil per R22 Pilot s Operating Handbook (POH) Section 8. Fill main and tail gearboxes to center of sight glass with A257-2 oil. 3. Clean aircraft per POH Section 8. Verify helicopter is completely dry. 4. Remove items that are not installed equipment (tools, rags, charts, etc.) from baggage compartments and stowage areas. 5. Verify cowlings, removable panels, cabin doors, removable controls, and POH are installed. 6. Verify Equipment List/Weight and Balance Data sheet (RF 134) and modifications recorded in the Weight and Balance Record correspond with installed equipment and recorded equipment locations. Page 18.4 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance OCT 2018
7 18-22 Weighing Procedure and Calculations Arm is the distance in inches from datum. Datum is located 100 inches forward of main rotor centerline. CG (arm) is determined by dividing total moment by total weight. 1. Refer to Prepare helicopter for weighing per Hoist helicopter per approximately one foot above the ground. Have one person hold tail of helicopter while hoisting to stabilize helicopter. 3. With main rotor blades oriented approximately fore and aft, raise both blades off of droop stops to allow hub to teeter freely. Raise tail slightly and allow to settle. 4. Refer to Figure With aircraft hanging freely and steady, use a water level and measure difference in vertical height between tail rotor gearbox centerline and cabin belly at vertical firewall. Ensure no air bubbles in water level tube. Record height difference: 5. Determine longitudinal center of gravity: inches [0.315 x (height difference from step 4)] = inches 6. Place a 1000-lb capacity (minimum) scale under each skid. Locate center of scales approximately 10 inches forward of (ground handling wheel ) skid supports. 7. Lower helicopter until it rests entirely on scales. Helicopter must be well balanced on scales before releasing tail. Be sure helicopter is level laterally by placing level on center of aft landing gear cross tube. 8. Determine empty weight: Right scale reading: Left scale reading: + lb Tare (leveling shims, hoist fixture, etc.): lb Empty weight: = lb lb OCT 2018 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance Page 18.5
8 18-22 Weighing Procedure and Calculations (continued) 9. Determine CG with full fuel and minimum solo pilot: a. Bladder tank(s): i. With aux tank: (CG from step 5) x (Empty weight from step 8) = (Empty weight from step 8) in. ii. Without aux tank: (CG from step 5) x (Empty weight from step 8) = (Empty weight from step 8) b. All-aluminum tank(s): i. With aux tank: (CG from step 5) x (Empty weight from step 8) = (Empty weight from step 8) in. in. ii. Without aux tank: (CG from step 5) x (Empty weight from step 8) = (Empty weight from step 8) in. 10. If CG from step 9 is aft of aft limit (refer to R22 Pilot s Operating Handbook [POH] Section 2 for model-specific data), determine required nose ballast: [CG from step 5 (model s aft limit)] x (Empty weight from step 8) 2358 = 64.5 lb 11. Adjust weight and balance to correct for drained unusable fuel and ballast: Item Weight (lb) Longitudinal CG (arm, inches) Multiply empty weight from step 8 by CG from step 5 x = Nose ballast: x 37.5 = Unusable fuel (add): 10.2*, 6.0**, or 3.6*** x = Moment (in.-lb) * Bladder tanks ** All-aluminum tank(s) with aux tank *** All-aluminum tank(s) without aux tank Page 18.6 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance OCT 2018
9 18-22 Weighing Procedure and Calculations (continued) CAUTION CG with full fuel and minimum solo pilot weight must be at or forward of aft CG limit. 12. Determine lateral center of gravity: (Right scale reading Left scale reading) (Right scale reading + Left scale reading) 13. Determine lateral moment: x 37 = in. (Basic Empty Weight) x (lateral CG)= in.-lb OCT 2018 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance Page 18.7
10 FIGURE 18-3 NOSE BALLAST (View inside lower console assembly with upper console hinged aft) Page 18.8 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance OCT 2018
11 18-30 Fixed Ballast Maximum allowable nose ballast is 10.0 lb. CAUTION Altering fixed ballast can appreciably affect helicopter center of gravity (CG). If fixed ballast information is unknown, reweigh helicopter per Remove screws and hinge upper console assembly aft. Insert foam support or equivalent between console and cyclic to protect instrument faces. 2. Refer to Figure 8-3. Remove hardware securing A941-2 or -3 ballast plate(s), if installed, to A363-1 cover. 3. If A941 ballast attach holes are not previously drilled, use A941 ballast as template and mark hole locations. Drill inch diameter (#8 drill size) hole at marked locations. 4. Remove or install ballast plates per calculations in Select NAS6603 bolt length to meet torque requirements per Install hardware, standard torque bolts per 23-32, and torque stripe per Figure Remove foam, hinge upper console assembly forward, and install screws. Verify security. 6. Reweigh and/or calculate basic empty weight and CG per Revise Weight and Balance Record in R22 Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) Section 6 to reflect ballast removal or installation using the following data: Weight Longitudinal Arm Longitudinal Moment Lateral Arm Lateral Moment Nose ballast lb 37.5 in. Variable 0.0 in. 0.0 in.-lb OCT 2018 Chapter 18 Weight and Balance Page 18.9
12 Intentionally Blank Page Chapter 18 Weight and Balance OCT 2018
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