Weight & Balance. Let s Wait & Balance. Chapter Sixteen. Page P1. Excessive Weight and Structural Damage. Center of Gravity

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1 Page P1 Chapter Sixteen Weight & Balance Let s Wait & Balance Excessive Weight and Structural Damage 1. [P2/1/1] Airplanes are designed to be flown up to a specific maximum weight. A. landing B. gross C. takeoff 2. [P2/1/1] While it s possible to become airborne beyond the maximum gross weight, problems can arise when turbulence or high-g maneuvering enters the picture. A. magneto B. emotional C. structural Center of Gravity 3. [P2/3/1] An object s center of gravity is the place where that object would if it were supported at this position. A. balance B. tip C. move 4. [P3/1/1] If an airplane will return, unassisted, to level flight after its controls are disturbed, it is said to have dynamic stability. A. negative B. positive C. neutral 5. [P3/1/1] If the airplane won t return to its original flight configuration, and in fact keeps diverging farther from it in a series of oscillations, it is said to be exhibiting dynamic stability. A. negative B. positive C. neutral 6. [P3/1/1] Engineers tell us that for an airplane to be positively stable, its weight must not be concentrated too far forward nor too far aft. These forward and aft weight limits are known as the limits. A. center of gravity B. envelope C. moment 7. [P3/Figure 3] The term used to describe the airplane s pitching motion is known as stability. 8. [P3/Figure 3] Dihedral, weight placement and keel effect are common means of enhancing stability.

2 P2 Rod Machado s Private Pilot Workbook 9. [P3/Figure 3] Since the airplane pitches about its lateral (sideways) axis, it s correct to say that stability describes the airplane s pitching motion about its lateral axis. 10. [P3/Figure 3] The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift determines the airplane s stability. 11. [P3/Figure 3] The term used to describe the airplane s rolling motion is known as stability. 12. [P3/Figure 3] Since the airplane rolls about its longitudinal (long) axis, it s correct to say that stability describes the airplane s motion about its longitudinal axis. 13. [P3/Figure 3] Properly loaded airplanes are stable. ly ly ly 14. [P3/Figure 3] Airplanes with good stability tend to favor a wings-level flight condition. They resist movement. A. yaw, pitch, roll, roll 15. [P3/Figure 3] What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane? A. The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift. B. The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder and rudder trim tab. C. The relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag. 16. [P3/1/4] An airplane said to be inherently stable will A. be difficult to stall. B. require less effort to control. C. not spin. Other CG Considerations 17. [P5/See The Center of Lift] The location where the wing s total lifting force is concentrated is known as the. A. center of gravity B. center of lift C. aerodynamic center 18. [P5/See The Center of Lift] As the airplane s angle of attack increases, the center of lift. A. moves forward B. remain stationary C. moves aft 19. [P5/See The Center of Lift] As the airplane s angle of attack decreases, the center of lift. A. moves forward B. remain stationary C. moves aft 20. [P4/1/4] For an airplane to have positive longitudinal stability, the center of gravity must remain the center of lift. A. centered at B. behind C. in front of 21. [P4/1/5] An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be A. a longer takeoff run. B. difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition. C. stalling at higher-than-normal airspeed. 22. [P4/2/2] Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be A. less stable at all speeds. B. less stable at slow speeds, but more stable at high speeds. C. less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds. 23. [P4/3/3] An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located forward of the forward CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be A. lower stick (elevator) forces. B. full rearward elevator pressure is required to flare. C. difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.

3 Chapter 16 - Weight & Balance: Let s Wait & Balance P3 Just a Moment 24. [P5/1/4 & P3/Figure 6] Referring to the figure above, how much should Block R A. 10 lb. B. 20 lb. C. 30 lb. 25. [P5/1/4 & P3/Figure 6] Referring to the figure above, how much should Block R A. 10 lb. B. 25 lb. C. 50 lb. 26. [P6/1/4 & P3/Figure 7] Referring to the figure above, how much should Block P A. 15 lb. B. 7.5 lb. C. 50 lb. 27. [P6/1/4 & P3/Figure 7] Referring to the figure above, how much should Block P A. 12 lb. B. 9 lb. C. 6 lb. 28. [P6/1/4 & P3/Figure 7] Referring to the figure above, how much should Block P A. 8 lb. B. 22 lb. C. 4 lb. 29. [P6/1/6] An arbitrary vertical reference line from which all weights on an airplane are measured is known as the line. A. moment B. CG C. datum 30. [P8/2/2] Which items are typically included in the empty weight of an aircraft? A. Unusable fuel and undrainable oil. B. Only the airframe, powerplant, and optional equipment. C. Full fuel tanks and engine oil to capacity. 31. [P8/2/5] The empty weight plus the useful load equals. A. the gross weight B. the datum weight C. the minimum takeoff weight 32. [P8/2/6] Aviation gasoline weighs pounds per gallon. A. 6 B. 8 C [P8/2/6] Oil weighs pounds per gallon. A. 6 B. 8 C [P8/2/6] An aircraft is loaded 110 pounds over maximum certificated gross weight. If fuel (gasoline) is drained to bring the aircraft weight within limits, how much fuel should be drained? A gallons. B gallons. C gallons.

4 P4 Rod Machado s Private Pilot Workbook 35. [P8/2/6] If an aircraft is loaded 90 pounds over maximum certificated gross weight and fuel (gasoline) is drained to bring the aircraft weight within limits, how much fuel should be drained? A. 10 gallons. B. 12 gallons. C. 15 gallons. Basic Weight and Balance Problems Don t Wait to Balance 36. [P9/2/2] To find the airplane s center of gravity you must divide the airplane s total. A. moment by the total weight B. weight by the total moment C. arm by the total moment 39. [P14/1/2 ] Based on the conditions listed above and the weight and balance charts shown on page P5, what is the airplane s weight in relation to maximum takeoff weight and is the airplane within proper CG limits? A. 20 pounds overweight, CG aft of aft limits. B. 20 pounds overweight, CG within limits. C. 20 pounds underweight, CG forward of forward limits. 37. [P9/Figure11] According to the figure above, what is the airplane s present center of gravity in inches aft of datum? A inches. B inches. C inches. 40. [P14/1/2 ] Based on the conditions listed above and the weight and balance charts shown on page P5, what is the airplane s center of gravity location and is the airplane within proper CG limits? A. CG 81.7, out of limits forward. B. CG 83.6, within limits. C. CG 84.1, within limits. 38. [P9/Figure11] According to the figure above, what is the airplane s present center of gravity in inches aft of datum? A inches. B inches. C inches. 41. [P14/1/2] What is the maximum amount of baggage that can be carried when the airplane is loaded as shown above? A. 45 pounds. B. 63 pounds. C. 220 pounds.

5 Chapter 16 - Weight & Balance: Let s Wait & Balance P5 42. [P15/1/1] Upon landing, the front seat passenger (200 pounds) departs the airplane. A rear passenger (120 pounds) moves to the front passenger position. What effect does this have on the CG if the airplane weighed 2,800 pounds and the moment/100 was 2,270 just prior the passenger transfer? (Refer to the weight and balance charts above.) A. The CG shifted 1.96 inches forward and is beyond the forward CG limits. B. The CG shifted 1.96 inches aft and is within proper CG limits. C. The CG shifted 1.96 inches forward and is within proper CG limits. 43. [P16/1/1] What effect does a 30 gallon fuel burn (main tanks) have on the weight and balance if the airplane weighed 2,890 pounds and the moment/100 was 2,452 at takeoff? (Refer to the weight and balance charts above.) A. The CG has shifted beyond the forward CG limit. B. The CG is within proper CG limits. C. The CG has shifted beyond the aft CG limit. 44. [P16/1/6] With the airplane loaded as follows, what action must be taken to place the airplane within the proper weight and balance limits? (Refer to the weight and balance charts above.) Front seat occupants pounds Rear seat occupants pounds Main wing tanks gallons A. Add 130 pounds of baggage in the baggage compartment. B. Add 60 pounds of baggage in the baggage compartment. C. Transfer 15 gallons of fuel from the main to the aux tanks. 45. [P16/1/6] Which action can adjust the airplane s weight to maximum gross weight and the CG within limits for takeoff? Front seat occupants pounds Rear seat occupants pounds Main wing tanks gallons A. Drain 12 gallons of fuel. B. Drain 9 gallons of fuel. C. Transfer 12 gallons of fuel from the main tanks to the auxiliary tanks.

6 P6 Rod Machado s Private Pilot Workbook 46. [P18/1/1] Using the airplane loading information shown above and the weight and balance charts shown to the right, determine the moment. A pound-inches. B pound-inches. C pound-inches. 47. [P18/1/1] Using the airplane loading information shown above and the weight and balance charts shown to the right, determine the aircraft loaded moment and the aircraft category. A pound-inches, normal category. B pound-inches, normal category. C pound-inches, utility category. 48. [P18/1/1] Using the airplane loading information shown above and the weight and balance charts shown to the right, determine if the airplane is within its proper CG limits. A. The CG is beyond the forward CG limit. B. The CG is within proper CG limits. C. The CG is beyond the aft CG limit. 49. [P20/1/1] Using the airplane loading information and the weight and balance charts shown above, determine the maximum amount of fuel that can be carried aboard the aircraft. A. 6 gallons. B gallons. C. 10 gallons.

7 Chapter 16 - Weight & Balance: Let s Wait & Balance P7 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B Chapter Sixteen Answers 40. B 41. A 42. C

8 P8 43. C Rod Machado s Private Pilot Workbook Chapter Sixteen Answers 46. B 44. A 47. B 48. B 45. B 49. B Note: To ensure that you have the most current answers to these questions, please check the Book & Slide Updates section at Rod Machado s web site: