Key Note Speech at the 16th Asia Expert Meeting

Transcription

1

2 JAPAN AUTOMOBILE STANDARDS INTERNATIONALIZATION CENTER Key Note Speech at the 16th Asia Expert Meeting Good Morning, Ladies and Gentlemen, my name is AKIBA, Executive Director of Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center, JASIC. On behalf of JASIC, I would like to extend our heartfelt appreciation to all the people who are kindly taking part in this 16 th Asia Expert Meeting which Ministry of Industry of Indonesia organizes on a theme for Vehicle Exhaust Gas Emission related to UN/ECE/GRPE activity. Also I am very pleased that you accepted us as experts from Japan. I guarantee that our presenter today from JASIC, Mr. NARUSAWA, is the most suitable person to discuss about your interests here. He is a chairman of Pollution and Energy Subcommittee in JASIC, and he used to participate in GRPE meeting as a head of Japanese delegation. Our mutual understanding on concept of the Expert Meeting is that the meeting is to be held voluntarily based on each country s needs as well as to be steered by Asia G/I Meeting. At the G/I Meeting held in Manila in last November, it was evident that holding the Expert Meeting is very useful and helpful for the people examining the contents of the 1958 Agreement, ECE regulation as sole international technical regulations and Mutual Recognition of Approvals among Asian region. I would like to emphasize that many countries, of course including your country, expressed their intentions at the G/I Meeting that they will hold expert meetings in near future, and their plans were specified in Wrap Up statement. I have a high regard for an effort and enthusiasm of Ministry of Industry and people concerned in order to realize this Expert Meeting. I also would like to my thanks to Mr. Syarif Hidayat for giving me an opportunity to explain our JASIC idea how to develop Regulation and Certification System under the UN/ECE/1958 Agreement at the last ACCSQ/APWG meeting held in Vientiane, LAO PDR in the beginning of this month. My presentation was followed by the discussion on further Japanese support to be taken in the future.

3 Similarly, I would like all of the experts gathering here today to recognize the importance of the concept of the UN/ECE/ 1958 Agreement for realizing Mutual Recognition of Approvals. I believe your country is developing your regulation and certification systems for the accession to this 1958 Agreement. For your further progress of it, I m very pleased to say JASIC would like to cooperate with you as much as we can. In addition, I do hope that the outcome of this Expert Meeting will be reported at the Asia G/I Meeting. Next G/I Meeting will be held in Thailand in the end of November. This G/I Meeting will discuss how to establish Vehicle Type Approval system and incorporate the ECE Regulations into such system. I hope to see many of you at the G/I Meeting as well. I would like to thank you again for the participation of so many government and industry members here. Your presence gives me confidence that interest in harmonization and the mutual recognition of approvals is growing in your countries and that there is increasing awareness concerning the importance of cooperation between governments and industries. Please feel free to take part in discussions today, so that this Expert Meeting will prove beneficial in improving environment condition in your countries. Thank you very much for your attention, hoping that the good friendship between you and JASIC will continue for a long time to come. Tadaomi AKIBA Executive Director, JASIC JSAE Fellow Engineer in the field of Harmonization

4 The 16 th Expert Meeting on Vehicle Exhaust Gas Emission Realization of Mutual Recognition of Approvals under the UN/ECE 1958 Agreement 28 August, 2008 T. AKIBA JSAE Fellow Engineer Executive Director / J A S I C Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center

5 Preparation for Mutual Recognition of Approvals Contracting party of 1958 Agreement Mutual recognition of Approvals Development of vehicle type approvals Development of Certification system UN/ECE WP29 & GRs Meetings Accession to the UN/ECE 1958 agreement

6 Contribution to the UN/ECE/WP29 & GRs Meeting Attendance & contribution UN/ECE WP29 & GRs Meetings Nongovernmental Nongovernmental organizations organizations Government Attendance & contribution Automobile standards internationalization Center in each country JASIC : ASEAN cooperation with JASIC and other countries Key Element Sustainable organization Budget Experts Cooperation between Government and industries ASEAN network

7 Goal of Vehicle Type Approval system under the 1958 Agreement Certificate of vehicle type approval system Registration Vehicle type approval regulation General requirements A set of Technical Requirements for each Category Adopted ECE regulations Equipment A (ECE R---) Equipment B (ECE R---) Equipment C (ECE R---) Other Contracting Parties of the 1958 Agreement Adopted ECE regulations Equipment A (ECE R---) Equipment B (ECE R---) Equipment C (ECE R---) MRA under the 1958 agreement

8 Operation of Vehicle certification Manufacturer Application Approval Authority / Technical Services Verifying Technical Data and COP of the car Each Certificate (ECE Reg.) A package package of of separate separate certificates certificates according according to to UN/ECE UN/ECE Regulations Regulations + + General General Information Information of of the the vehicle vehicle Manufacturer REGISTRATION Vehicle Vehicle Type Type Approval Approval Certificate Certificate

9 Vehicle Type Approval Regulation Example General requirements Ref. 2007/46/EEC Type, category, Manufacture name, General construction of vehicle, mass and dimension, power plant, transmission, Axles, suspension, steering, brakes, bodywork etc.. ECE regulations ECE reg. ECE reg. Technical requirements ECE reg. ECE reg. ECE reg. ECE reg. plus ECE reg. ECE reg. ECE reg. ECE reg. ECE reg. ECE reg.

10 Consideration Item for Vehicle type approval Vehicle Category L Ref. UN/ECE/WP29/RE3, 2007/46/EEC Motor cycle M1 M2,M3 Passenger vehicle Bus N1 Light duty truck N2, N3 Heavy duty truck O Trailer

11 Technical requirement for parts / component /systems (Adoption of UNECE regulations, Notification to UNECE ) ECE reg. ECE No.1 ECE No.2 ECE No.3 ECE No.4 ECE No.5 ECE No.6 ECE No.7 ECE No.126 You can choose ECE regulation! ECE No.5 ECE No.10 ECE No.20 ECE No.100 ECE No.2 ECE No.7 ECE No.13 ECE No.90 ECE No.XX You must notify UN/ECE/WP29 UN/ ECE/ WP29

12 Recommended as regulation necessary for M1 category 47 ECE regulations R3, R4, R6, R7, R10, R11, R13H, R14, R16, R17, R19, R21, R23, R26, R28, R30, R34, R37, R38, R39, R43, R44, R45, R46, R48, R51, R55, R64, R77, R79, R83, R85, R89, R91, R94, R95, R98, R99, R100, R101, R112, R116, R117, R119, R121, R123, R125

13 Recommended as regulation necessary for N1 category 42 ECE regulations R3, R4, R6, R7, R10, R11, R13/R13H, R14, R16, R17, R19, R23, R28, R34, R37, R38, R39, R43, R44, R45, R46, R48, R51, R54, R61, R77, R79, R83, R85, R89, R91, R95, R98, R99, R100, R101, R112, R116, R117, R119, R121, R123

14 Recommended as regulation necessary for L category 22 ECE regulations R3, R7, R9, R10, R28, R37, R39, R40, R41, R46, R47, R50, R53, R60, R62, R63, R74, R75, R78, R81, R112, R113

15

16 Prospective harmonization of regulations for realization of Mutual Recognition of Approvals The 1958 Agreement ECE Regulations Technical Requirements Certification Procedures COP WP29 Activity Adoption of ECE Regulations gtr under the 1998 Agreement Realization of MRA under the 1958 Agreement among Contracting Parties

17 Reference Document for the 1958 agreement ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343 Status of the 1958 Agreement, of the annexed Regulations and of amendments thereto TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1 (R.E.3) Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles. -Vehicle category -Dimension etc ECE/TRANS/WP.29/1059 Resolving interpretation issues and requirement for the technical service in the framework of the 1958 agreement

18 For Your Reference Brochure WP29-How it works/how to Join it Contents: History and organization of UN/ECE/WP29 Terms of Reference and Rules of Procedure of WP29 Whole text of the 1958 Agreement, the 1997 Agreement, and the 1998 Agreement This brochure is available on the UN/ECE website: URL

19 Subject to be considered for the implementation of type approval system as a Contracting Party to the 1958 Agreement Rule Making Process in line with 1958 Agreement Adoption of ECE Regulations and their implementation Responsibility among related organization Participation of ECE/WP29 discussion Human Resources Budget MASIC Vehicle type Approval Regulation Human Resources Certification System Administrative body Qualification system for Applicant and Technical Services Technical Service Human resources Facility COP

20 Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45 Past experience in improved fuel quality in Japan 28 August 2008 Kazuyuki NARUSAWA National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan 0

46 Air pollution is severe especially in metropolitan area Air Pollution at Present Attainment Rate (%) Whole Country Attainment Rate (%) Whole Country Attainment Rate in FY NOx:85 %, PM:93% 40 Metropolitan Area 40 Diesel Vehicles are primary factor of air pollution (NOx:42%, PM:43%) Metropolitan Area Ratio of Exhaust Emissions in Metropolitan Area ( FY 2002) NO2 SPM Others:13% 20% Industry:35 35% NOx 80% Diesel:42% Gasoline:10% Others:21% Nature:19% PM Diesel:43% Industry:16% 1

47 NOx Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles) Reduction Rate(%) 2

48 PM Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles) Reduction Rate(%) 3

49 Emission Reduction Technology (Diesel Vehicles) Standard Improvement of combustion chamber and air-intake system Improvement of fuel injection system Cooled EGR Turbo Charger HCCI(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) NOx sensor Urea sensor Exhaust After-treatment Device Oxidation Catalyst Passive type Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF) Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) NOx NOx Storage Adsorber Catalyst Note) :Prevailed :Limited use :Not Possible Standard Standard Source: Ministry of the Environment Japan 4

50 Change in Exhaust Regulation Standard & Fuel Quality sulfur content of diesel fuel PM (Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Vehicles) 12,000ppm Reduction Rate(%) 5,000ppm(1976-) 2,000ppm(1992-) 500ppm(1997-) 50ppm (2005-) 10ppm (2007-) 5

51 Promotion of the use of appropriate fuel Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport developed the portable sulfur density analyzer and inspect diesel fuel quality (sulfur) on the street from Sulfur: more than 50ppm Notice Sulfur: more than 200ppm Ordinance *Regulation:50ppm max Spot inspection on the street Portable sulfur density analyzer 6

52 System for Fuel Quality Control Air Pollution Control Law (Ministry of the Environment) Establishment of permissible limits on the automotive fuel quality In consideration of permissible limits on the automotive fuel quality Road Vehicle Act (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) Establishment of reference fuel quality for emission test Law of the Quality Control of Gasoline and Other Fuels (Ministry of Economic,Trade and Industry) Establishment of commercial fuel quality regulation. 7

53 Commercial fuel quality regulation in Japan (Diesel Fuel) Sulfur Cetane number Distillation properties 90% distillation temperature Triglyceride When FAME was blended 10 Wt-ppm or less 45 or more 633K(360 ) or less 0.01 vol% or less FAME 5 vol% or less Methanol 0.01 vol% or less Total acid number 0.13mgKOH/g or less Total of Formic, Acetic and vol% or less Propionic acids Oxi. Stability (Acid) 0.12 mgkoh/g or less Increase 8

54 Commercial fuel quality regulation in Japan (Gasoline) Lead Sulfur MTBE Benzene Kerosene Methanol Existent gum Color Oxygen concentration Ethanol Not to be detected 50 wt-ppm or less 10 wt-ppm or less (from 2008) 7.0 vol% or less 1.0 vol% or less 4.0 vol% or less Not to be detected 5 mg/100 ml or less orange 1.3 wt% or less 3.0 vol% or less 9

55 Fuel Improvement and Bio Fuels for Sustainable Mobility Source: Japan Automobile Manufactures Association 5th Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium Jan , 25,

56 Gasoline Vehicle Emission Regulation in Asia Euro2 or Euro3 standards are introduced in ASAEN countries. '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 Japan J2000 J2005 J PM '12 China (whole) EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 Hong Kong EURO3 EURO4 EURO5 India (whole) EURO1 EURO2 EURO3 Indonesia EURO2 Korea US NLEV CA LEV II Malaysia EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 Philippines EURO1 EURO2 EURO4 Singapore EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 Thailand EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 Vietnam ECE15/04 EURO2 11

57 Diesel Vehicle Emission Regulation in Asia Euro2~Euro4 standards are introduced in ASAEN countries. '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 Japan J2000 J2005 post J2005 '12 China (whole) EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 Hong Kong US LEV US LEV II India (whole) EURO1 EURO2 EURO3 Indonesia EURO2 Korea Malaysia EURO1 EURO2 EURO4 Philippines EURO1 EURO2 EURO4 Singapore EURO2 EURO4 Thailand EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 Vietnam ECE15/04 EURO2 12

58 Bio Fuels in Asia - Ethanol Blend - Ethanol blended fuels are discussed and planed to introduce in Asian countries. Japan:E3 (no commercial) India: E5@big city Thai:E10(Prem.) mandate@ 11 China:E10@7state Taiwan (3-15%) Philippine(5-10%) NZ(3-10%) Australia:10%@Queens Land 13

59 Bio Fuels in Asia - FAME Blend - FAME blended diesel fuels are discussed and planed to introduce in Asian countries. Korea:B5/Palm etc Japan:B5/Waste Cooking Oil (no commercial) India:B20 /Jatropha Thai:B5->B10 /Palm,Jatropha Malaysia:B5 /Palm (Olein) Taiwan:B1 B20/? Hong Kong:B5/Peanuts Philippine:B1>B5/CME NZ:B5/Tarrow Indonesia:B2->B5 /Palm,Jatropha 14

60 Relations between Fuel Improvement and Vehicle Technology Fuel Improvement Combined Emission Regulation Fuel Quality Bio Fuels Vehicle Technology Low Emission Reliability Fuel Economy Energy Security CO2 Reduction Air quality improvement Sustainable Future 15

61 Japan Emission and Fuel Regulations of Japan, U.S. and Europe (Gasoline) Emission regulations 1978 Reg Reg New Short-Term New Long-Term Post New Long-Term 1973 Reg S100, Vapor pressure (T50:75-110) S50 S10 Fuel quality (Implemented) S50 S10 Europe Emission regulations Euro1 All Model Euro2 All Model Euro3 Euro4 Euro5 Fuel quality S500 (Implemented) S50 S150 S50 S10 Incentive S10 U.S.A. Emission regulations (California) From 1968 Clean Air Act 1966MY Tier1 NLEV Reg Tier2 LEV1 LEV2 Fuel quality (California) S1000 S80 S300 S60 S80 S30 16

62 Japan Emission regulations Fuel quality Emission and Fuel Regulations of Japan, U.S. and Europe (Diesel) Reg From Reg 1990 Reg (NOx) 1994 Reg (PM) S (Implemented) S2000 S Reg (NOx, PM) S500 New Short-Term S50 S50 New Long-Term S10 S10 Post New Long-Term Europe Emission regulations Euro1 All Model Euro2 All Model Euro3 Euro4 Euro5 Fuel quality (Implemented) S2000 S2000 S500 S350 S50 S50 S10 Incentive S10 U.S.A. Emission regulations (California) From 1968 Clean Air Act 1966MY Tier1 NLEV Reg Tier2 LEV1 LEV2 Fuel quality (California) S500 S500 S15 S15 17

63 Emission Control Level and Countermeasures Emission Control Level and Countermeasures Gasoline Passenger Cars TYPICAL SYSTEM EM EM 1O2S S<500 ppm TWC(13R) Euro1 HC 1.0 g/km EM EM OBD 2O2S TWC(13R) OBD 2O2S S<150 ppm S<50 ppm CO Euro2 Euro3 Euro4 NOx S/C(7R) TWC(9R) 18

64 Emission Control Level and countermeasures Emission Control Level and countermeasures Heavy Duty Diesel TYPICAL SYSTEM EGR S<500 ppm Euro1 Euro2 HC 1.0 Euro3 0.5 Euro3 ETC Euro4 g/kwh ESC CR EGR S<350 ppm Euro4 CR OC EGR CO S<50 ppm OC (DPF?) NOx PM 19

65 Emission and Fuel Regulations(Gasoline Gasoline) The efforts of reducing sulfur are performed in most countries according to the emission regulation. '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 Japan J2000 J2005 J PM China (whole) EURO2 EURO3 EURO Hong Kong EURO3 EURO4 EURO5 50 India (whole) EURO1 EURO2 EURO Indonesia EURO Korea US NLEV CA LEV II Malaysia EURO EURO3 500 EURO4 (50) Philippines EURO1 500 EURO2 EURO4 Singapore EURO2 EURO3 EURO Thailand EURO2 EURO3 EURO (50) Vietnam ECE15/04 EURO '12

66 Emission and Fuel Regulations(Diesel Diesel) The efforts of reducing sulfur are performed in most countries according to the emission regulation. '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 Japan J2000 J2005 post J China (whole) EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 Hong Kong US LEV US LEV II 50 India (whole) EURO1 EURO2 EURO Indonesia EURO2 3500/500 Korea Malaysia EURO1 EURO2 EURO (50) Philippines EURO1 EURO2 EURO Singapore EURO2 EURO Thailand EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 350 (50) Vietnam ECE15/04 EURO2 500/ '12

67 Fuel Regulation of Gasoline containing Ethanol in Japan For vehicle safety and environment, fuel regulation of gasoline containing ethanol is enforced at The maximum content of ethanol is 3% (oxygen content 1.3%) in order to protect the vehicles on the market. Japan has now started to discuss E10 for gasoline. Some vehicles in the market are not applicable for E10. 22

68 FAME Blended Diesel Fuel in Japan Conformity tests were also conducted for vehicles that has already been released in the market. Safety FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) -- Conformity Tests -- Key Issues Materials Compatibility (Oxidation Stability) Metal Corrosion, Degradation of Rubbers and Plastics Fuel System Durability Wear in Injectors (Sludge Formation) Environment Performance Effect for Emission Exhaust Emission Effect for Performance Drivability, Startability 23

69 Results and Discussion Through the tests of FAME blended diesel fuel, some important matter are reviewed. FAME shows low oxidation stability, because it has double bonds in its molecule. Base diesel fuels affect oxidation stability of the FAME. These properties cause troubles in Fuel Tank and Fuel Injection System. Specification of oxidation stability must be added. Quality of diesel fuels after blending FAME must be regulated and monitored. 24

70 Current Activities in GRPE Kazuyuki NARUSAWA Automobile Regulations and Certification Internationalization Office National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 28 August 2008 National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 1

71 UN Organization U N / General Assembly ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECE Economic Commission for Europe ESCAP E. C. for Asia & the Pacific ITC Inland Transport Committee WP29 World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations AC1,AC2 AC3,AC4 GRB GRE GRPE GRRF GRSG GRSP GRPE: Working Party on Pollution and Energy National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 2

72 UN/ECE/WP29 GRPE WHDC (gtr) WMTC (gtr) WWH-OCE (gtr) PMP Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle (HFCV) (gtr) Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) (gtr) GRPE covers both of ECE regulations and gtrs: Global Technical Regulations National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 3

73 ECE Regulations of GRPE ECE R15 Exhaust Emission ECE R24 Diesel Smoke ECE R40 Exhaust Emission ( Motor Cycle ) ECE R47 Exhaust Emission ( Moped ) ECE R49 Diesel Emission ECE R83 Gaseous Pollutants ECE R84 Measurement of Fuel Consumption ECE R85 Measurement of Engine Power ECE R96 Compression ignition engines (agricultural and forestry tractors and in non-road) ECE R101 Emission of Carbon Dioxide and Fuel Consumption (Passenger Car ) ECE R103 Replacement Catalytic Converters ECE R115 LPG/CNG Retrofit System National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 4

74 Agenda (#55 GRPE) : 58 agreement 1 Adoption of the Agenda : 98 agreement 2 Reg.No.49 (a) Off-cycle emissions (b) Worldwide harmonized Heavy-Duty Certification (WHDC) procedure (gtr No.4) (c) Amendment to UNECE Regulation No. 49 (d) Amendment to gtr No.5 (WWH-OBD) 3 Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) 4 Gtr No. 2 on the World-Wide Harmonized Motorcycle Emission Test Cycle (WMTC) 5 Exhaust Emissions Test Protocol of Non-Road Mobile Machinery 6 ECE Regulation Amendment (a) Reg. No. 83 (b) Gas-Fuelled Vehicle (GFV) (c) WLTP(WORLDWIDE HARMONIZED LIGHT-DUTY TEST PROCEDURES) 7 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCV-SGE) 8 Environmentally Friendly Vehicles (EFVs) 9 Exchange of information on national and international requirements on emissions 10 Other Business (a) WP29 Round table on Fuel Quality (FQ) National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 5

75 GRPE Informal Group (1) Title WHDC WWH-OBD WWH-OCE World Wide Heavy- Duty Certification Procedure World Wide Harmonized On Board Diagnosis World Wide Harmonized Off Cycle Emissions Chair EU(COM) Japan (NTSEL) USA(EPA) Secretary OICA(DC) OICA (VOLVO) USA(EMA) gtr # NO.4 ( Accepted) NO.5 ( Accepted) --- Progress Phase1( ) Phase2 In progress ( ) Completed Phase1( ?) National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 6

76 GRPE Informal Group (2) Title WMTC NRMM HFCV-SGE WLTP World Wide Motorcycle Emissions Test Cycle Non-Road Mobile Machinery Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicles Sub-group Environment Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures Chair Gemany EU(JRC) EU (JRC) France Secretary IMMA(HONDA) EU(JRC) EU (JRC) Japan (JASIC) gtr # NO.2 ( Accepted) Progress Phase1( ) Phase2 In progress Phase1( ?) National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 7

77 GRPE Informal Group (3) PMP FQ GFV EFV Title Particle Measurement Programme Fuel Quality Gaseous-Fuelled Vehicles Environmentally Friendly Vehicles Chair UK (DFT) France Netherlands Germany Secretary Regulation # Progress ECE R83 R49 LD test ( ) HD test ( National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 8

78 Calendar of meetings of GRPE # 54th June 5-8, 2007 (WP29 June, November, 2007) # 55th January 14-18, 2008 NRMM Arbor, USA WWH-OCE USA WHDC USA NRMM Germany PMP August, October, December (WP29 March, 2008) # 56th June 2-6, 2008 Meeting Schedule January 14(Mon) / pm HFCV-SGE January 15(Tue) am WMTC / PM NRMM, GFV / all day FCV-SGS January 16(Wed) am WWH-OCE / PM WHDC,Fuel Quality January 17(Thu) all day - 18(Fri) am #55GRPE WWH-OCE Japan WHDC Japan WMTC 4/23, Belgium NRMM Italy HFCV-SGS USA National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 9

79 WHDC- How was the cycle developed? (1) 65 vehicles were chosen in Australia, Europe, Japan and USA and data was analyzed - 9 Light trucks (GVW < 7.5t), Total milage: 2,200 km - 20 Regid truks (GVW >= 7.5t, 1 Coach, Total milage: 13,400km - 18 Trailor trucks, Total milage: 56,300km - 11 Buses, Total milage: 2,500km Breakdown of test cycle Europe Japan USA vehicle cat. power to mass ratio class urban rural motor way urban rural motor way urban rural motor way Sum rigid trucks 1 5.2% 1.8% 2.0% 3.4% 1.2% 0.9% 3.3% 1.8% 0.6% 20.2% rigid trucks 2 3.1% 1.7% 2.3% 6.0% 2.1% 1.6% 4.4% 2.4% 0.8% 24.3% rigid trucks 3 3.2% 2.0% 2.5% 4.0% 1.4% 1.1% 2.6% 1.4% 0.5% 18.7% trailer trucks 1 0.8% 1.0% 2.2% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 1.1% 0.8% 0.8% 7.1% trailer trucks 2 0.8% 1.0% 2.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.1% 2.1% 1.6% 1.5% 10.0% trailer trucks 3 1.0% 1.3% 2.8% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 2.9% 2.2% 2.1% 12.6% buses 1 2.8% 1.2% 0.0% 1.4% 0.4% 0.0% 0.7% 0.5% 0.1% 7.1% Sum 16.9% 9.9% 14.1% 15.7% 5.4% 3.9% 17.0% 10.7% 6.3% 100.0% Kinds of vehicles, GVW, driving conditions, etc. were taken it into consideration. National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 10

80 WHDC- How was the cycle developed? (2) Task 1 Classification of most important parameters Task 2 Collection of Statistics on HD vehicle use Task 3 Collection and analysis of In use driving data Task 4 4 Reference database (combination of in use data with appropriate weightings for each cell of the classification matrix) STEP 1 Task 5 Transient vehicle cycle V(t), P/Pn(t) (Combination of database modules, Chi square statistics) Task 6 Transformation of vehicle cycle V(t), P/Pn(t) Into engine cycle n(t), M/Mmax(t) for a wide range of engines (Drivetrain model) STEP 2 STEP 3 Vehicle speed and power patterns Task 7 Reference e 7 transient engine cycle (Approximation and regression analysis) Task 8 Reference steady state cycle Representative driving models STEP 4 Transient test cycle for dynamometer consist of engine revolution and torque Task 9 Evaluation and Conclusion Steady state cycle National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 11

81 WHDC-Test cycle Vehicle speed and power patterns that reflects actual driving conditions, such as congested road, highway and steep road etc.. National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 12

82 WHDC- Options Following options are under discussion in Phase 2 engine power determination Net power (e.g. ECE R 85) Gross power (e.g. USA w/o specifying the method) reference fuel EU reference fuel USA reference fuel Japanese reference fuel hot soak period 5 minutes 20 minutes -- > 10 minutes is a reasonable compromise? cold start weighting 10%(Europe)or 14%(USA) PM filter material PTFE coated glass + 70mm (Europe) or PTFE membrane + 47mm (Japan, USA, Europe) National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 13

83 WHDC- Hot soak period Cold measurement Hot measurement Hot soak period National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 14

84 EGR valve Intake throttle valve EGR cooler WHDC- Test engine Common rail Injector Supply pump NSR Three way catalyst DPF(DPNR) Oxidation catalyst A/F sensor Inter cooler Pre-EGR Oxidation catalyst VG turbo charger Fuel injector A/F sensor Exhaust retarder Pressure sensor Temperature sensor National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 15

85 WHDC- Effects of Soak Time WHTC Bench Test Results of New Type of Engine meeting JPN 05 regulation (low emission version) Type Injection system Engine Specifications 4-cylinder Intercooler-turbo diesel engine Common-rail emission [g/kw hr] NOx CS 5 min. 10 min. 20 min. Emission control Cooled EGR devices DPF + NSR Catalyst Bore Stroke (mm) Displacement (L) 4,009 Compression ratio 18.0 Max. power 110kW (150PS) / 3,000rpm Max. torque 392N m (40.0kg m) / 1,600rpm Emission [g/kw hr] Soak time PM CS 5 min. 10 min. 20 min Soak time National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 16

86 WMTC How was the cycle developed? (1) Driving data accumulation; Europe 1994, Paris (France) and Pisa(Italy) 1994, Amsterdam (Netherland), Frankfurt (Gemany) 1999, Suburbs of Pisa, Suburbs of Mandur (France), Suburbs of Munich (Germany), Biel Institute of Technology, City of Biel (Switherland), Darmstadt Institute of Technology, City of Darmstadt (Germany) Japan 1992, 1997, Tokyo Area 2000, Tokyo Area including highway (only for gearshift model) China Jinan Area USA 1999, Birmingham (Alabama) National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 17

87 WMTC How was the cycle developed? (2) Collection of statistics for different regions vehicle stock, technical specifications, vehicle use Collection and analysis of in use driving behaviour data in different regions average speed, acceleration parameters, idle time distribution Classification of road types urban streets, country roads, high speed rural/motorways WMTC cycle for Driveability tests (version 5) Validation by Driveability calculations and pretests Transient vehicle cycle WMTC (version 1) Part 1, urban streets, Part 2, country roads, Part 3, high speed rural/motorways Driveability tests Analysis of Results, modifications WMTC cycle for emissions validation Programme (version 7) Similar procedure of WHDC development National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 18

88 WMTC Test cycle part 1, version 9, reduced speed part 1, version vehicle speed in km/h vehicle speed in km/h part 2, version 9, reduced speed part 2, version time in s Part time in s Part2 vehicle speed in km/h part 3, version 9, reduced speed part 3, version time in s Part3 National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 19

89 WMTC Modification of the cycle vehicle speed in km/h vehicle speed in km/h part 1, reduced speed part time in s part 2, reduced speed part time in s Class 1: cold*0.5 + hot*0.5 part 1, reduced speed in cold condition + part 1 reduced speed in hot condition. Class 2: cold*0.3 + hot*0.7 Subclass 2-1: part 1 in reduced cold condition + part 2 reduced speed in hot condition. National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 20

90 WMTC Modification Modification of the classification Class 1: subclass combined 50 cm³ < engine capacity < 150 cm³ and vmax < 50 km/h or engine capacity < 150 cm³ and 50 km/h vmax < 100 km/h National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 21

91 NRTC (Non Road Transient Cycle) Speed (%) Start/Transition Speed/Load Pattern of the NRTC Backhoe Wheelloader Crawler AG-Tractor Arcwelder Excavator Idle/Transition/End Skidsteerloader Torque (%) Time (s) 0 National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 22

92 WLTP-proposed schedule National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 23

93 WLTP-discussion items *Real driving patterns under urban, extra urban and highway traffic conditions *One test procedure for emissions and energy consumption testing *Broad scope including e.g. OBD, durability, off-cycle behavior, *Appropriate fuel quality for the advanced powertrain systems *Use of alternative fuels *Future requirements based on air quality objectives for emission control *Technological and economic feasibility *Determination of the Countries/regions from which data will be collected National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 24

94 Fuel Quality Terms of Reference of the informal group on Fuel Quality 1. The WP.29 Round Table on Fuel Quality, held on 15 November 2007, clearly showed that there is a close link between the market fuel quality and the emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles. It was recognized that a further reduction of emissions through more stringent emission regulations requires more advanced emission control technologies, which drives the crucial need for improved fuel quality. 2. The goal for the establishment of the informal group is to contribute to environmental protection, specifically to the reduction of air pollution. National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 25

95 3. The informal group shall develop recommendations on market fuel quality to enable that vehicles, which were tested in conformity with the UN regulations or other equivalent regulations and using specific reference fuels for the tests, use in their daily service fuels with specific characteristics relating to the vehicle emission levels and technology type. 4. These recommendations should enable that vehicles in use fulfil during their service life the same performance level as during their certification procedure with regard to the emission of gaseous pollutants and particles. 5. The discussion shall be aimed at: (a) agreeing on fuel specifications as a WP.29 guideline and (b) adopting fuel specifications in connection to UN vehicle emissions regulations. 6. The mandate for the informal group shall be limited, in a first step, to November National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 26

96 Fuel Quality -decision in 56 th GRPE meeting X. FUEL QUALITY (FQ) (Agenda item 9) Documentation: Informal document No. GRPE of Annex I to this report 1. GRPE noted the good progress of work done by the FQ working group. GRPE welcomed the commitment by IPIECA and OICA to prepare a list of fuel quality parameters deemed necessary to enable the corresponding motor vehicle emission levels from EURO II to EURO V. The expert from OICA clarified that this exercise should be carried out, in a first step, with liquid fuels (including biofuels) and, in a further step, with gaseous fuels (including biogases). : International Petroleum Industry Environment Conservation Association (IPIECA) International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA) National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory 27

97 第 16 回アジア専門家会議概要報告 WP29/GRPE の排出ガス関連動向と燃料性状 JASIC 事務局福田 1. 日時 : (9am-12) 2. 場所 :MOI 会議室 3. 主催 : 工業省 (MOI) 4. 出席者 : 工業省 (MOI) 環境省 (MOE) エネルキ ー省 陸上運輸局 (DGLT) 自動車工業会 (GAIKINDO) 二輪工業会 (AISI) 自動車部品工業会 (GIAMM) 等から総合計 70 名日本側 :NTSEL 成澤 JASIC 秋葉 福田 5. 内容概要 MOI の Dr.BUDI 局長歓迎 Speech JASIC 秋葉の Key NoteSpeech の後 以下の様にインドネシア NTSEL の順で説明が行われその後 質疑等が実施された <インドネシア側 > 環境省のから ; 環境省の役割 現在の車両排出ガス基準制定 (Euro 2 施行 ( )) Euro 2 の施行 排出ガス試験施設 法令の最新化 将来のチャレンジ & チャンス (ECE 排出ガス基準は ASEAN の地域および ASIA 中のハーモナイゼーションを可能とする等 ) の紹介があった エネルギー省から概要として : 燃料の供給及び利用体制 ( 石油精製所は 12 箇所等 ) 国家エネルキ ー政策( 石油は 2025 までに 25% 削減 バイオ燃料推進ロート マッフ 等 ) 燃料政策( 環境に優しい燃料仕様の改良等 ) 燃料仕様改良( 燃料仕様はエンシ ン技術向上 環境状況 国内燃料供給能力 消費者購買力で考慮等 ) の紹介があった <NTSEL> 日本における過去の燃料品質改良経験( 排出ガス基準の変更 低減技術 燃料品質コントロール体制等 ) 及び GRPE の最新動向と燃料性状 (GRPE 紹介 重量車 二輪車試験法 燃料品質等 ) の紹介を行った 質疑応答 : 排出ガス試験法や GRPE の燃料性状の対象となる燃料は何か等について意見交換が行われた 6. まとめインドネシアとしてアセアン諸国に合わせ将来 EURO-4 導入に向けた市場燃料の改善は急務であり この議論を通じてエネルギ省に対して燃料性状改善の重要性を認識させることが出来たと思う また 今回の専門家会議は個別法規要件についての講義でなく法規動向紹介であったが多くの出席者がありは関心の高さを感じた 最後に今会議の開催に 多大なる努力をしたインドネシア工業省の関係者各位に敬意を表すとともに ご参加 ご協力いただいたみなさまにも感謝の意を表します