Key Outcomes. The key outcomes of the preliminary study:

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2 Key Outcomes The key outcomes of the preliminary study: Outcome 1: Baseline studies on Demand side Management (DSM) on Transport Sector. Outcome 2: Identification of Focus and Boundary setting for full study in Outcome 3: Results Framework and activities for full study in

3 INTRODUCTION Transportation is an induced demand of the need to move people and goods from one place to another to fulfil social and economic activities. The growth in transports and energy usage in this sector are strongly dependant on the economic and population growth Population of Malaysia, to 2016 Population distribution by state, Malaysia, 2016 Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia

4 INTRODUCTION Final Energy Consumption by Sectors (Source: Malaysia Energy Statistics Handbook, MESH, 2015; National Energy Balance, NEB, )

5 Number of Vehicle INTRODUCTION Number of Vehicles on Road, 2010 to Year Number of Vehicles on the Road, Malaysia, Transport Statistics Malaysia, (MOT) TSM, ) The total number of vehicles on the road were 20,188,565 and 25,101,192 for the year of 2010 and respectively where the annual increasing rate about 5%.

6 Energy Consumption (ktoe) INTRODUCTION Energy Consumption by Transportation Sector, 1993 to Year Energy Consumption by Transportation Sector (Source: Malaysia Energy Statistics Handbook, MESH, 2015; National Energy Balance, NEB, ) Energy consumption by transportation sector increases about 25% within 10 Years where road transports consume about 75% of the energy.

7 INTRODUCTION Increased in population from 26.3 million in 2006 to 31.7 million in 2016 especially in urban cities. Traffic congestion - wasted fuel increasing air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions owing to increased idling, acceleration and braking Online shopping and home delivery appears to have brought a surge in light goods vehicles on to the road Rising share of labour income between 2005 and 2013 Higher traffic reflected growth in the Malaysia economy, while reasonable fuel prices Ease of getting car loans (longer period, low monthly payment and no deposit) Longer distance travelled 66445km (2000) to km (2011) Limited coverage of public transport Reasonable priced of local vehicles manufactured in Malaysia.

8 TRANSPORTATION IN MALAYSIA

9 TRANSPORT CLASSIFICATION

10 STANDARD INDICATORS - Transport demand (passenger-km (pkm) & ton-km (tkm)) - Mode shares (e.g. share of bus transport on total public transport, share of passenger car transport on total passenger transport), - Load factors (e.g. average no. of passengers per train, average load in tons per truck), - Share of empty trips (logistics in the freight transport sector) - Specific fuel consumption of different transport modes(l/100km) - Specific carbon content of different transport fuels. (links to fuel use and CO2 emissions.

11 SOURCES OF DATA AND INFORMATION Transport type Motor Cycle non- electric Car non- electric Taxi Goods Vehicle Bus Electric Vehicle Other vehicles Train Air transport Ferry Fishing boat Year Number of vehicle,, & MOT, & MOT, & MOT, & MOT Engine Capacity,,,,, Fuel types Petrol Diesel NGV,,,,, Electri c , Collec ted, MOT & Fuel economy (km/l) NAP NAP, NAP & manufacturers specification, NAP & manufacturers specification, NAP & manufacturers specification, NAP & manufacturers specification & info from FMFF & info from FMFF Manufacturers specification Manufacturers specification, NAP & manufacturers specification Annual Distance Travel & info from FMFF & info from FMFF SPAD & SPAD & No data , & MOT SPAD,, - -, SPAD - - Assumption Assumption - - Assumption Assumption - Collec ted, MOT & SPAD Electric train, NEB, Non electric train estimated, KTMB NEB - NEB FDAM FDAM - FDAM - - FDAM FDAM Collected data: From main sources i.e MOT,, LKIM etc.. data: and/or calculated from the primary data by using standard formulae or correlations. data: Data based on survey conducted on limited basis. Assumption data: Based on logical and rational basis due to unavailability of adequate information.

12 Motorcycle xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Car xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Bus xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Taxi xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Goods Vehicle xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Electric vehicle xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Others xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Total xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Total active PROGRESS AND OUTCOMES Comparative energy consumption by different road transports in Malaysia (ktoe)

13 PROGRESS AND OUTCOMES Comparative CO 2 emission by different road transports in Malaysia (kton) Motorcycle xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Car xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Bus xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Taxi xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Goods vehicle xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Electric vehicle xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Other vehicle xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Total (active + xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx inactive) Total active

14 PROGRESS AND OUTCOMES Energy consumption by all transportation system in Malaysia, 2005 to (ktoe) Year Road transport Rail Transport Air transport Water transport Total 2005 xx xx xx xx xx 2006 xx xx xx xx xx 2007 xx xx xx xx xx 2008 xx xx xx xx xx 2009 xx xx xx xx xx 2010 xx xx xx xx xx 2011 xx xx xx xx xx 2012 xx xx xx xx xx 2013 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx

15 Year Road transport PROGRESS AND OUTCOMES CO 2 emission by all transportation system in Malaysia, 2005 to (kton) Rail Transport Air transport Water transport Total (BOP) Total (BOIPCC) 2005 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2006 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2007 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2008 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2009 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2010 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2011 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2012 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 2013 xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx Percentage Difference Note: BoP: Based on Petronas BoIPCC: Based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

16 PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS In Malaysia, the main petroleum based fuels used for transportation sector include petrol, diesel fuel, jet fuel, residual fuel oil, natural gas and liquid petroleum gas (LNG). Petrol is mainly used in cars, motorcycles, and light trucks, while diesel fuel is used mainly in heavy trucks, buses, and locomotive trains. In, petroleum fuels provided about 47% of the total energy used by the transportation sector in Malaysia. Transportation sector consumes a major share of energy. Energy consumption in this sector is substantially rising as the number of vehicle on Malaysian roads continued to increase between 2005 and (from to 25.1 million). The annual increase rate of the road transport is about 6.93%.

17 THANK YOU