SUPERPAVE BINDER SPECIFICATIONS & SELECTIONS. Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 1
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1 SUPERPAVE BINDER SPECIFICATIONS & SELECTIONS Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 1
2 New Binder Specification SUPERPAVE Fundamental properties related to pavement performance Environmental factors In-service & construction temperatures Short and long term aging Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 2
3 Pavement Temperature, C Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 3
4 Superpave Asphalt Binder Specification The grading system is based on climate PG Performance Grade Min pavement temperature Average 7-day max pavement temperature Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 4
5 Performance Grades CEC Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C < 3Pa. 135 o C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV > 1.00 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % > 2.20 kpa 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa < 5000 kpa S < 300 MPa m > (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value Report Value > 1.00 % (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 5
6 How the PG Spec Works CEC Spec Requirement Remains Constant Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C < 3Pa. 135 o C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV > 1.00 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % > 2.20 kpa 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa < 5000 kpa S < 300 MPa m > Report Value > 1.00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) Test Temperature Changes (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 6
7 Permanent Deformation CEC Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C < 3Pa. 135 o C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV > 1.00 kpa Unaged RTFO Aged > 2.20 kpa 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa < 5000 kpa S < 300 MPa m > (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value Report Value > 1.00 % (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 7
8 Permanent Deformation Addressed by high temp stiffness G*/sin δ on unaged binder > 1.00 kpa G*/sin δ on RTFO aged binder > 2.20 kpa Heavy Trucks > Early part of pavement service life Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 8
9 Fatigue Cracking CEC Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C < 3Pa. 135 o C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV > 1.00 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % > 2.20 kpa 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) < 5000 kpa PAV Aged S < 300 MPa m > Report Value > 1.00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 9
10 Fatigue Cracking Addressed by intermediate temperature stiffness G*sin δ on RTFO & PAV aged binder < 5000 kpa > Later part of pavement service life Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 10
11 Low Temperature Cracking CEC Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C < 3Pa. 135 o C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV > 1.00 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % > 2.20 kpa 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa < 5000 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ S < 300 MPa m > PAV Aged Report Value > 1.00 % ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 11
12 Low Temperature Cracking CEC Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C < 3Pa. 135 o C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV > 1.00 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % > 2.20 kpa 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa < 5000 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ S < 300 MPa m > PAV Aged Report Value > 1.00 % ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 12
13 Miscellaneous Spec Requirements CEC Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C Flash Point < 3Pa. 135 o C > 1.00 kpa > 2.20 kpa PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV Mass Loss 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa < 5000 kpa S < 300 MPa m > (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value Report Value > 1.00 % (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 13
14 PG Binder Selection PG > Many agencies have established zones PG PG PG Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 14
15 Developed from Air Temperatures Superpave Weather Database 6500 stations in U.S. and Canada Annual air temperatures hottest seven-day temp (avg and std dev) coldest temp (avg and std dev) Calculated pavement temps used in PG selection > 20 years SHRP A-648A Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 15
16 Reliability Percent probability of not exceeding design temp > using Normal Distribution Frequency of observed temps (Total area under curve = 100 %) Reliability is area under curve to the left of T des T avg T des Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 16
17 Observed Air Temperatures Topeka, KS 50 % reliability average summer very hot summer 98 % reliability Standard deviation of 2 C Day Maximum Air Temperatures Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 17
18 Observed Air Temperatures Topeka, KS 36 very cold winter 40 average winter standard deviation of 4 C Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 18
19 Convert to Pavement Calculated by Superpave software High Temperature (20 mm below surface of mixture) Low Temperature (at surface of mix) Temperature
20 Calculated Pavement Temperatures Topeka, KS pvt > air pvt > air Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 20
21 PG Binder Grades Topeka, KS PG (98% minimum reliability) PG (50 % minimum reliability) PG grades - six degree increments Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 21
22 Effect of Rounding to Standard Grades PG (50 % minimum reliability) PG -28 provides 90% reliability PG 58 provides 85% reliability Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 22
23 Effect of Rounding to Standard Grades needed grade for 50% reliability selected grade for 50% reliability Rounding depends on actual temps! Minimum Pavement Temperatures Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 23
24 Effect of Loading Rate on Binder Selection 90 kph Dilemma Specified DSR loading rate is 10 rad/sec What about longer loading times? Use binder with more stiffness at higher temps Slow - - increase one high temp grade Stationary - - increase two high temp grades No effect on low temp grade Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 24
25 Effect of Loading Rate on Binder Selection Example for toll road PG for toll booth PG for weigh stations PG kph Slow Stopping Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 25
26 Jim s Produce Ace Trucking Co. ESAL = Equivalent Single Axle Loads
27 ESAL Comparison 80 kn 18,000 lb. 100 kn 22,000 lb. 44 kn 10,000 lb. 1 ESAL 2.2 ESAL.09 ESAL Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 27
28 Little Truck 67 kn 15,000 lb 0.48 ESAL 27 kn + 6,000 lb = 0.01 ESAL 0.49 ESALs BIG TRUCK 151 kn 34,000 lb kn 54 kn + 34,000 lb + 12,000 lb = ESALs Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 28
29 ESAL Comparison 3,500-5,000 Acme Van Lines 1
30 Effect of Traffic Amount on Binder Selection 80 kn ESALs x 10 6 ESAL Consider increasing - - one high temp grade 30 x ESAL Recommend increasing - - one high temp grade > Equivalent Single Axle Loads Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 30
31 How the PG Spec Works CEC Spec Requirement Remains Constant Avg 7-day Max, o C 1-day Min, o C > 230 o C < 3Pa. 135 o C PG 46 PG 52 PG 58 PG 64 PG 70 PG 76 PG ORIGINAL (Flash Point) FP (Rotational Viscosity) RV > 1.00 kpa (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN) RTFO Mass Loss < 1.00 % > 2.20 kpa 20 Hours, 2.07 MPa < 5000 kpa S < 300 MPa m > Report Value > 1.00 % (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G*/sin δ (PRESSURE AGING VESSEL) PAV (110) 100 (110) 110 (110) Test Temperature Changes (Dynamic Shear Rheometer) DSR G* sin δ ( Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR S Stiffness & m - value (Bending Beam Rheometer) BBR Physical Hardening (Direct Tension) DT Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 31
32 Summary of How to Use PG Specification Determine 7-day max pavement temperatures 1-day minimum pavement temperature Use specification tables to select test temperatures Determine asphalt cement properties and compare to specification limits Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 32
33 PG Grade Increments Average 7-day Maximum Pavement Temperature Average 1-day Minimum Pavement Temperature
34 Prediction of PG Grades for Crude Blends Low Temp C High Temp C Low Quality Crudes High Quality Crudes Modifier Required Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 34
35 Is a PG a Modified Binder? Effect of Loading Rate Rule of 90 Reliability Rounding Effect of Traffic Example: PG has a temperature range of 64 to - 34 or 98 C. Therefore, this binder is probably modified!! (Depends on Asphalt Source!)
36 Questions does it all make sense? Superpave Binder Specs & Selections 36
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