1 / 33. TÜV Rheinland (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Solar/ Fuelcell Technologies. Test Report

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1 1 / 33 TÜV Rheinland (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Solar/ Fuelcell Technologies Test Report Qualification of a Solar Collector in accordance with DIN EN : 2011; DIN EN : 2006 TÜV Report No.: _EN_ETC30_Report_Gao Shanghai, 18 March 2014 TÜV Rheinland (Shanghai) Co., Ltd Shanghai B113/F No.177, Lane 777, West Guangzhong Road, Shanghai , P.R. China Solar Outdoor Laboratory Address: No. 24, Lingyuan Road, Yongding Town, Yongren City, Yunnan province, P. R. China

2 2 / 33 ReportNo.: _EN_ETC30_Report_Gao TRS on Qualification of a Solar Collector in accordance with DIN EN : 2011; DIN EN : 2006 Client: Apricus Solar Co., Ltd. No. 19 Pusi Road Pukou New & High Tech Development Zone Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province P.R. China TÜV Quotation No.: TÜV Order No.: / Order of: 02 June 2013 Date of Receipt of Test Item: 03 November 2013 Commencement of Test: 07 November 2013 TÜV Client No.: Inspector: P.Gao +86 (0) Business Field: Solar Energy No of Pages: 33 Appendix: 27 to 33 Summary of collector performance test results: Manufacturer Apricus Solar Co., Ltd. Brand Apricus Collector type ETC30 Year of manufacture 2013 Length 2006 mm Absorber area 2.45 m² Width 2195 mm Aperture area 2.84 m² Height 155 mm Gross area 4.40 m² Weight (empty) 95 Kg Mass flow kg/(m²s) Heat transfer medium Water Test pressure: 150 kpa Thermal performance Aperture area (A a ) Absorber area (A A ) Conversion factor η Heat transfer coefficient a W/(m²K) W/(m²K) Temperature dependent heat transfer coefficient a W/(m²K²) W/(m²K²) Output power per collector unit Irradiation T m T a in K 400 W/m² 700 W/m² 1000 W/m²

3 3 / 33 List of Contents 1 Summary of test results Setting of tasks Basis of testing Sampling Description of the collector construction Execution and evaluation Visual inspection Internal pressure test High temperature resistance test Stagnation temperature Exposure test External thermal shock test Internal thermal shock test Rain penetration test Mechanical load test Freeze resistance test Final Inspection Measuring results of thermal performance testing Pressure drop test Test method according to DIN EN :2006 chapter Test conditions Measuring results of time constant testing Test method according to DIN EN :2006 Chapter Collector incident angle modifier General remarks...26 List of Contents Appendix Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results 27 Appendix 2: climate data 31 Appendix 3: Photo documentation 33

4 4 / 33 1 Summary of test results Manufacturer Brand Collector type Qualification of a Solar Collector in accordance with DIN EN : 2006; DIN EN : 2006 : Apricus Solar Co., Ltd. No. 19 Pusi Road Pukou New & High Tech Development Zone Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province P.R. China : Apricus : ETC30 Test Date Start End Summary of main test results Internal pressure 07 November 2013 No visual damages Hightemperature resistance 13 November 2013 No visual damages Exposure 07 November 2013 ber Decem No visual damages External thermal shock 1 st 07 August * W/m² No visual damages 2 nd 28 August * W/m² No visual damages Internal thermal shock 1 st 12 November * W/m² No visual damages 2 nd 20 November * W/m² No visual damages Rain penetration 05 November 2013 No visual damages Freeze resistance 10 January 2014 No visual damages Mechanical load 10 October 2013 No visual damages Thermal performance 28 December January No visual damages Final inspection 19 December 2013 No visual damages All above listed tests of the standard DIN EN :2006 were passed successfully in accordance with the criteria. This testing report is prepared and issued solely by TÜV Rheinland. The use, display, reproduction and duplication of the testing report will be subject to the following rules: 1. All the copyrights and knowhow in this testing report shall be exclusively and solely vested in TÜV Rheinland. 2. The client may use this testing report and the test results, calculations, presentations therein in an appropriate way within the scope and for the purpose contractually agreed by both parties. 3. The Client shall use this testing report complete and unshortened. 4. Any publication or duplication for advertising purposes by the client needs the prior written approval of TÜV Rheinland. 5. TÜV Rheinland shall not be held liable for any consequences of use of this report for a purpose other than the purpose contractually agreed by both parties and the client shall hold harmless from and indemnify TÜV Rheinland against all losses, damages, demands, requests or claims claimed or made by any third party resulting from the client s breach of the contract and the foregoing obligations.

5 5 / 33 2 Setting of tasks A complete collector test in accordance with DIN EN :2006 of the Apricus Solar Co., Ltd. collector ETC30 should be performed with the aim of Solar Keymark certification. 3 Basis of testing EN :2011 Thermal solar systems and components Collectors Part 1: General requirements EN :2006 Thermal solar systems and components Collectors Part 2: Test procedure Solar Keymark Specific Scheme Rules v20.00 March 2013: Specific CEN Keymark Scheme Rules for Solar Thermal Products ISO 98061:1994 Test methods for solar collectors Part1: Thermal performance of glazed liquid heating collectors including pressure drop ISO 98062:1995 Test methods for solar collectors Part2: Qualification test procedures Shanghai, 18 March 2014 Responsible for collector testing Assistant Manager Dipl.Ing. P. Gao Dipl.Ing. M. Kottwitz

6 6 / 33 4 Sampling Prototype samples Samples from pilot production Samples from serial production Selection of test samples acc. to Solar Keymark scheme rules Random selection of test samples acc. to SRCC scheme rules 5 Description of the collector construction Manufacturer Apricus Solar Co., Ltd. Brand name Apricus Collector Type ETC30 Category Evacuated tubecollector Date of manufacture 2013 Serial number SE SE SE Drawing numbers SC1ASSY001; SC1P001; SC1M001E; SC1R 001 Collector & construction: Gross dimensions l x w x t [mm] 2006 x 2195 x Normative Absorber dimensions l x Ø outer of inner tube [mm] x no. of tubes 1740 X 47 x 30 1 Physical Absorber dimensions l x Ø outer of inner tube [mm] x no. of tubes 1750 X 47 x 30 1 Aperture dimensions l x Ø inner of outer tube [mm] x no. of tubes 1722 X 55 x 30 1 Gross/ Aperture/ Absorber area [m²] / / Weight empty [kg] 95 3 Fluid content [l] Absorber: Construction type Heatpipe SydneyGlass tube 2 Absorber Material glass with aluminium heat transfer sheets 2 Absorber Grid serial 2 Absorber thickness [mm] Effective Surface all around 2 Surface treatment AlNAl 3 Absorptance [ ] Emittance [ ] Determinate by test laboratory 2 reviewed manufacturer information 3 according to manufacturer information

7 7 / 33 Absorber Piping: Collector connection type / dimension / numbers pipe / 22 / 2 2 Header tube material copper 3 Riser tubeheader / tubeabsorber connection brazed 2 / not parts of construction 2 Riser tube material / Ø outer / thickness [mm] copper / 22 /1 2 Number and Distance [mm] of riser tubes or fins on center position 1 / 70 2 Cover: Number of covers 1 2 Glazing to absorber space 3.7 (measured on one point) 3 Glas 1 Glas 2 Length / Ø outer / thickness [mm] 1828 / 58 / Material / surface and coating Solar glass / clear glass 3 Transmittance factor [ ] Casing: Enclosure L x W x T [mm] 2190 / 129 / Enclosure material aluminium alloy 2 Enclosure backside material aluminium alloy / plastics 2 Frame fastening method Pop riveted 1 Insulation Primary Material Secondary Material Material Glass wool 2 not part of construction Thickness [mm] 42 / 75 1 Material thermal conductivity [W/Km²] Lateral insulation Primary Material Secondary Material Material not part of construction not part of construction Sealing`s: Frame Cover not part of construction 2 Frame Corner or side caps Silicon base 2 Frame back sheet not part of construction 2 Grommet header tube Silicon base 2 Grommet evacuated tube Silicon base 2 1 Determinate by test laboratory 2 reviewed manufacturer information 3 according to manufacturer information

8 8 / 33 Evacuated tube closure Silicon base 2 Head pipe: total length [mm] Heating section length / diameter [mm] 1748 / 8 2 Condenser length / diameter [mm] 45 / 20 2 Material Copper 2 Fluid Water 3 Fluid content [l] 2 3 Heat conduction plate (HCP): HCP per tube 1 2 Unit I HCP Form HCP material Aluminum 2 Number of HCP Parts per tube 1 2 HCP length / thickness [mm] 1700 / Limit values (given by manufacturer): Max. operating temperature [ C] 216 Maximum operating pressure [kpa] 800 Recommended Heat transfer medium Water or Water Glycol mixture Recommended operating mass Flow [l/(m²h)] not mentioned Tilt angle limits [ ] 20 to 80 Collector mounting on roof and flat roof mounting in vertical position is possible Other limitations not mentioned 1 Determinate by test laboratory 2 reviewed manufacturer information 3 according to manufacturer information

9 9 / 33 Instruction/installation manual: International Edition V1 December 2013 Installation manual the requirements of DIN EN Comments Dimensions and weight of the collector, instructions for transport and handling thereof Description of the assembly procedure Recommendations regarding lightning protection Instructions for connecting collectors to each other and for connection of the collector field to the heat transfer circuit as well as dimensions of tube connections in collector groups up to 20 m² Recommendations regarding the usable heat transfer media (also with regard to corrosion) as well as precautionary measures which are to be taken for filling, operation, servicing and maintenance Maximum operating pressure, pressure loss as well as largest and smallest tilt angles Permissible wind and snow load Maintenance requirements Collector type plate: Collector marking requirements of DIN EN Name of the manufacturer Type of collector Serial number Year of manufacture Gross collector area Dimensions of the collector Maximum operating pressure Stagnation temperature, at 1000 W/m² and 30 C Volume of the heat transfer fluid Empty weight of the collector Manufactured in: Durability: Comments No failure detected during outdoor exposure test fulfilled fulfilled

10 10 / 33 6 Execution and evaluation 6.1 Visual inspection Date 03 June 2013 Inspector Reba Liu Internal barcode no. Serial no. Description of defects SE No visual damages SE No visual damages SE No visual damages Fig. 1: test sample label (random selection)

11 11 / Internal pressure test Collector type Absorber material Inorganic Organic Maximum collector operating pressure specified by manufacturer [kpa] Serial no. 800 SE Test conditions Date 07 November 2013 Inspector Cai Zhao Test temperature [ C] 20.7 Test pressure [kpa] 1270 Test duration [min] 15 Pressure difference [kpa] Test results Details of any observed or measured leakage, swelling or distortion and problems which according to 5.2 of EN :2011 are to be classified as severe. No visual damages

12 12 / High temperature resistance test Serial no. SE Date 13 November 2013 Inspector Cai Zhao Method used to heat collector Test performed with outdoor exposure / solar simulator Outdoor Conditions for testing high temperature resistance Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] 30 Average irradiation during test [W/m²] 1043 Average ambient air temperature [ C] 26.4 Average ambient air speed [m/s] < 1 Duration of test [min] Test results Details of any observed or measured degradation, distortion, shrinkage or out gassing and problems which according to of EN :2011 are to be classified as severe. No visual damages

13 13 / Stagnation temperature Serial no. SE Date 02 December 2013 Inspector Cai Zhao Method used to heat collector Test performed with outdoor exposure / solar simulator Outdoor Conditions for testing stagnation temperature Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] 30 Average irradiation during test [W/m²] 1050 Average ambient air temperature [ C] 22.3 Average ambient air speed [m/s] 1.23 Absorber temperature [ C] 228 Requisite additional information for stagnation temperature: Determination of stagnation temperature Stagnation temperature for ambient conditions of 1000W/m² and 30 C (determination acc. to EN :2006, Annex C) Test remarks Requisite additional information for stagnation temperature: Single pipe used for detection of stagnation temperature

14 14 / Exposure test Serial no. SE Date begin/ end 07 November December 2013 Inspector Cai Zhao Test conditions Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] 30 Total no. of test days and radiation energy [MJ/m²] No. of days with more than 14 MJ/m² 33 No of rain days and total rainfall [mm] Time period with G>850 W/m² & ta>10 C [h] minimum value maximum value Ambient temperature of test days [ C] Ambient temperature during high irradiation > 850 W/m² [ C] Total daily rainfall [mm] Test results Details of any observed or measured problems or failures which according to B 5.5 of EN :2006 are to be classified as severe. No visual damages For more details about exposition test see Appendix 2: climate data.

15 15 / External thermal shock test Test conditions 1 st shock 2 nd shock Test performed with outdoor exposure / solar simulator Serial no. Outdoor Outdoor SE Date 07 August August 2013 Inspector Peng Gao Peng Gao Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] Irradiation G * min & G * mean [W/m²] Ambient air temperature t a min. & t a mean [ C] Period during which steady state conditions were maintained prior to shock [min] Water spray mass flow rate [kg/(sm²)] Water spray temperature [ C] Spraying duration [min] Test results Details of any observed or measured cracking, distortion, condensation, water penetration or loss of vacuum found and problems which according to of EN :2011 are to be classified as severe. No visual damages. Test was performed on the previous version of this collector type. Whole test sequence on this type was performed according to Solar Keymark Scheme Rules is reported in _EN_ETC30_Report_Gao from January 2014.

16 16 / Internal thermal shock test Test conditions 1 st shock 2 nd shock Test performed with outdoor exposure / solar simulator Serial no. Outdoor Outdoor SE Date 12 November November 2013 Inspector Reba Liu Peng Gao Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] Irradiation G * min & G * mean [W/m²] Ambient air temperature t a min. & t a mean [ C] Period during which steady state conditions were maintained prior to shock [min] Water spray mass flow rate [kg/(sm²)] Water spray temperature [ C] Spraying duration [min] 5 5 Absorber temperature after spraying [ C] Requisite additional information for internal thermal shock test: Test results Details of any observed or measured cracking, distortion, condensation, water penetration or loss of vacuum found and problems which according to of EN :2011 are to be classified as severe. No visual damages

17 17 / Rain penetration test Serial no. SE Date 05 November 2013 Inspector Peng Gao Test conditions Collector mounted on: Open frame Collector tilt angle [ from horizontal] 20 Detection of ingress of water: by weighing the collector Water spray flow rate [kg/(s*m²)] Spraying duration [h] Test results Area with visible water penetration [% of aperture area] Location where water penetration is observed Duration until visible water penetration has disappeared No water detected Details of any problems which according to of EN :2011 are to be classified as severe.: No visual damages

18 18 / Mechanical load test Serial no. SE Date 10 October 2013 Inspector Method used to apply pressure Suction cups Peng Gao Loading with water Positive pressure test of the collector cover Maximum pressure load [Pa] 2400 Remaining deflection [mm] Negative pressure test of collector Maximum pressure load [Pa] N/A Remaining deflection [mm] Test results Details of any damage to the collector cover, cover fixings or mounting fixings and problems which according to 5.9 of EN :2011 are to be classified as severe :: No visual damages

19 19 / Freeze resistance test Serial no. SE Date 10 January 2014 Inspector Peng Gao Conditions for testing freeze resistance test Procedure and boundary conditions according to SKN_N0106_AnnexF_R0 Items Test condition Preconditioning according to EN : days exposure Test tilt angle [from horizontal] Cycle duration Total duration 80 (According to manufacturer s requirement) 2.5 h ca. 50 h Freezing requirements > 30 min Heat Pipe Fluid 20± 2 C Thawing requirements [ C] > 30 min Heat Pipe Fluid >10 C No. of Cycles [ ] Test sample No. of samples Test results 20 (see Appendix 1 Figure A1.6) Test of single heat pipes possible 14 Heat Pipes for freeze test, one as reference sample Details of any damage to the heat pipes and problems which according to SKN_N0106_AnnexF_R0 are to be classified as severe :: No visual damages

20 20 / Final Inspection Serial no. SE / SE Date 06 November 2013 / 19 December 2013 Inspector Peng Gao / Reba Liu Test results Collector component Potential problem Evaluation a) Collector box, fasteners Cracking, warping, corrosion, rain penetration 0 b) Mountings, structure Strength, safety 0 c) Seals, gaskets Cracking, adhesion, elasticity 0 d) Cover, reflector Cracking, crazing, buckling, delamination, warping, out gassing 0 e) Absorber coating Cracking, crazing, blistering 0 Absorber tubes and headers Deformation, corrosion, leakage, loss of bonding 0 Absorber mounting Deformation, corrosion 0 f) Insulation Water retention, out gassing, degradation 1 Evaluate each potential problem according to the following scale: 0 No problem 1 Minor problem 2 Severe problem Inspection to establish the condition was not possible. Requisite additional information for final inspection: Minor degradation at the insulation

21 21 / 33 7 Measuring results of thermal performance testing 7.1 Pressure drop test Serial no. SE Date 03 November 2013 Inspector Peng Gao Test conditions Fluid used to pressurize collector Water Average fluid temperature [ C] Test results Figure 2: pressure drop curve Function of pressure drop curve p(v )= 9.262E06*V ² E04*V

22 22 / Test method according to DIN EN :2006 chapter 6.1 outdoor steady state (6.1.4) indoor steady state (6.1.5) Serial no. SE Date (Start/End) 28 December January 2014 Inspector Cai Zhao 7.3 Test conditions Latitude [ ] Longitude [ ] 26 04' ' Collector tilt [ from horizontal] tracked (limited to 30 ) Collector azimuth [ from south] Orientation of absorber or pipes tracked See picture in Appendix 3: Photo documentation Mass flow [kg/(m²s)] Aperture area A a [m²] 2.84

23 23 / Test results thermal performance Second order fit to data ( t t ) ( t t ) Q& = A G η 0 a 1 m G a a 2 m G a 2 Conversion factor η 0a [ ] Heat transfer coefficient a 1a [ W/(m²K)] Temp. dependent heat transfer coefficient a 2a [W/(m²K²)] ± (based on aperture area) ± (based on aperture area) ± (based on aperture area) Power curve per collector unit (for G = 1000 W/m²) Maximum power [W peak ] (G=1000 W/m²) per collector unit 2014 Details of any damage and problems: No visual damages For more details about thermal performance test see Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results.

24 24 / Measuring results of time constant testing Outdoor Serial no. Indoor SE Date 02 January 2014 Inspector Cai Zhao Test conditions Collector tilt [ from horizontal] Orientation of absorber or pipes tracked See picture in Appendix 3: Photo documentation Mass flow [kg/(m²s)] Aperture area A a [m²] Test results 1 st Time constant τ 1 [s] nd Time constant τ 2 [s] Collector Time constant τ c [s] For more details about time constant test see Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results 7.5 Test method according to DIN EN :2006 Chapter Test method according to DIN EN :2006 Chapter Per collector unit Per m² aperture area Thermal capacity of the Absorber [kj/k] Thermal capacity of the heat transfer fluid [kj/k] Thermal capacity of the Isolation [kj/k] Thermal capacity of the external glazing [kj/k] Thermal capacity of the second glazing [kj/k] Effective Thermal capacity of the collector kj/k kj/(k*m²)

25 25 / Collector incident angle modifier Test method according to SCRR Standard and ISO Serial no. SE Date (Start/ End) 28 December January 2014 Inspector Reba Liu Test conditions Latitude [ ] Longitude [ ] 26 04' ' Collector tilt [ from horizontal] 30 / 60 Collector azimuth [ from south] 0 Orientation of absorber or pipes Vertical Mass flow [kg/(m²s)] 0.02 Aperture area A a [m²] Quasidynamic test results Angle [ ] K θ b longi () [ ] K θ b trans () [ ] Incidence angle modifier K θ (40.2 / 40.2 ) [ ] 1.29 (based on aperture area) Requisite additional information for incident angle modifier: The evaluation in Chapter was detected according to DIN EN Chapter For more details about time constant test see Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results

26 26 / 33 8 General remarks All results only refer to the test samples that were subjected to testing. Symbols are in accordance with ISO 9488 and ISO Annex A. The extended total measuring uncertainty for the outdoor performance test based on aperture area is: η 0 ± 2.37 % (for irradiation levels above 943 W/m² and K=2) To minimize back side reflectivity during thermal performance test, a black plastic film with low reflectivity (< 20%) was used.

27 Date YYYYMMDD UTC hh:mm 16:10 15:47 15:37 14:27 15:03 15:13 14:53 15:54 13:53 14:14 15:24 14:44 10:06 10:16 10:26 10:36 G W/m² G/G d % Performance results, measured and derived data t a C U ṁ m/s kg/s t in t m C C t m t a K C f J/(kg K) Q W T*m m²k/w η a % transfer fluid (multi linear regression/ simulation) Evaluation of steady state collector test based on aperture area and mean temperature of heat Appendix 1: Thermal performance test results 27 / 33 27

28 28 / 33 Figure A1.1: efficiency curve over reduced temperature difference at 1000W/m² irradiation Figure A1.2: efficiency curve over reduced temperature difference at 800W/m² irradiation

29 29 / 33 Figure A1.3: time constant Figure A1.4: incidence angle modifier over incidence angle quasidynamic

30 30 / 33 Figure A1.5: measured and simulated power during incidence angel determination Figure A1.6: temperature at the lowest end of heat pipe

31 31 / 33 Appendix 2: climate data Date time (G*>850W/m²) ta (G*>850W/m²) H min ta max. ta mean ta Rain Comments min C MJ C C C l/m²

32 32 / 33 Date time (G*>850W/m²) ta (G*>850W/m²) H min ta max. ta mean ta Rain Comments min C MJ C C C l/m²

33 33 / 33 Appendix 3: Photo documentation Fig. 2: determination of thermal performance Fig. 3: internal shock test Fig. 4: final inspection Fig. 5: final inspection Fig.6: samples for freeze resistance test in climate chamber