Knocking in Gasoline Engines

Transcription

1 Knocking in Gasoline Engines

2 Michael Günther Marc Sens Editors Knocking in Gasoline Engines 5th International Conference, December 12 13, 2017, Berlin, Germany 123

3 Editors Michael Günther IAV GmbH Stollberg Germany Marc Sens IAV GmbH Berlin Germany ISBN ISBN (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

4 Preface Dear colleagues, If we want to continue to offer our customers vehicle drive systems that unite key characteristics such as low fuel consumption, impressive driving dynamics, flexibility in use, and high comfort combined with the sustainable use of resources and the lowest exhaust emissions, then we re going to have to ramp up our development budgets. Current market trends, which are seeing a decline in registrations of vehicles with diesel engines, are increasing the pressure to develop high-efficiency gasoline engines. As a bridging technology, the gasoline engine will be a key determinant of our car fleet s consumption in the coming years. Further increases in efficiency, however, will be limited by the well-established phenomenon of gasoline engine knock. This conference thus addressed one of the most important issues in the ongoing development of the gasoline engine. The majority of today s high-efficiency gasoline engines utilize downsizing or combine high mean pressures with Miller cycles and increased geometric compression, known as rightsizing. When designing engines for high compression ratios an essential requirement for efficiency increases the knock limit is the defining criterion. In addition, the rise in specific torque at very low speeds as the basis of low fuel consumption, assisted by downsizing and downspeeding, has long been associated with the preignition phenomenon. Ideal efficiencies are achieved by charge dilution combined with very high compression. This, however, causes extreme knock, potentially leading to catastrophic events in the mid- to high-speed range. Improving charge-diluted concepts demands a greater focus of research in this field. The introduction of RDE legislation this year will further grow the requirements for combustion process development, as residual gas scavenging in the low-end torque range and enrichment to reduce knock and exhaust temperatures will be legally limited. There is still, however, the need to reach the center of heat release with the highest possible compression. Preventing damage to high-efficiency gasoline engines demands a deep understanding of the phenomenology and precise v

5 vi Preface detection and control engineering, resulting in new approaches to improved thermodynamics, more exact control algorithms, and optimized applications. Together with its partners, IAV presented a wide range of research findings. We hope that this conference gave all participants an opportunity to gain new insights, impressions, and ideas for their future development work. We would like to thank our partners at UNIVERSAL Kongress & Event Marketing GmbH, and in particular Mr. Kniehase, for their proactive support in preparing and running the conference, our IAV colleague Lars Gamasin, and Springer Verlag. Special thanks go to the international speakers, without whose active contribution this conference could not have been such a success. The conference explored important ways to improve engine thermodynamics and control technology of interest to combustion process specialists, design engineers, and application experts. In the process, it presented solutions of relevance to advanced engineering, volume, and application specialists. IAV and its expert colleagues around the world are working hard on solutions that prevent or reliably control knock and other irregular combustion events such as preignition. These solutions create the conditions to further increase the efficiency of the gasoline engine and thus meet ambitious CO2 emission reduction targets. We would be pleased to welcome you again as a participant or exhibitor to this IAV conference. December 2017 Michael Günther Marc Sens

6 Contents Introduction Proposal of Knock Mitigation Method Through Enhancement of Local Heat Transfer... 3 Katsuya Matsura, Yoshihisa Sato, Kazuo Yoshida and Hiroshi Sono Approaches to Meeting Fluctuating Natural Gas Quality in Large Bore Engine Applications Jan Zelenka, Claudio Hoff, Martin Kirsten and Andreas Wimmer Pre-ignition Investigating the Cause of Initial Pre-ignition - A New Approach Ina Volz, Jürgen Pfeil, Thomas Koch and Frank Altenschmidt Optical Diagnostic Tools for Detection and Evaluation of Glow Ignitions Arndt Döhler and Peter Schaffner Study of HSPI/LSPI from Spark Plugs on Turbocharged Gasoline Engines Tomohiro Iwatsuka, Masaru Kano, Kiyoteru Mori, Waldemar Werner and Stefan Schulte Simulation Fundamental Mechanism Analysis on the Underlying Processes of LSPI Using Experimental and Modeling Approaches Masaharu Kassai, Taisuke Shiraishi and Toru Noda Chemical Analysis of Potential Initiating Fluid for Low-Speed Pre-ignition Terence F. Alger and Thomas E. Briggs, Jr. vii

7 viii Contents Simulation of the Effects of Spark Timing and External EGR on Gasoline Combustion Under Knock-Limited Operation at High Speed and Load Michal Pasternak, Corinna Netzer, Fabian Mauss, Michael Fischer, Marc Sens and Michael Riess Development of a Model for Predicting the Knock Boundary in Consideration of Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation at Full Load Alexander Fandakov, Michael Grill, Michael Bargende, Max Mally, Marco Günther, Stefan Pischinger, Liming Cai, Heinz Pitsch, Karl Alexander Heufer, Ajoy Ramalingam, Heiko Minwegen and André Casal Kulzer Optical Measurement Technique Visualization of Fuel Wall Wetting, Oil Dilution by Fuel, and Oil Transport Mechanisms in an Optically Accessible Engine by LIF Imaging Stefan Wigger, Torben Müller, Hans-Jürgen Füßer and Sebastian Kaiser Irregular Combustion Events in RDE Test Situations Diagnostics Analysis Improvements Ernst Winklhofer, Alois Hirsch and Paul Kapus Quantitative Optical Measurement Techniques for Mixture Formation and Combustion Process Analysis Thomas Berg, Stefan Seefeldt and Olaf Thiele Detection and Analysis Methods for Irregular Combustion in SI Engines Ulrich Spicher Fuel/Lubricating Oil Impact of Detailed Fuel Chemistry on Knocking Behaviour in Engines Roger F. Cracknell, Arjun Prakash, Kieran P. Somers and Chongming Wang Knock Detection Model Based Knock Detection Matthias Biehl and Michael Meister Trustworthy Estimation and Control of Engine Knocking Level for Transient Operation Maxime Jean, Thomas Leroy and Fabien Vidal-Naquet

8 Contents ix Potential of Series-Compatible In-Cylinder Pressure Sensors for Gasoline Engines Using the Example of Ignition Angle Control Benedikt van Booven, Harry Schüle, Thorben Walder and Hermann Rottengruber Water Injection Water Injection for Gasoline Engines - Quo Vadis? Ingo Hermann, Claus Glahn, Matthias Kluin, Martin Paroll and Werner Gumprich Gasoline Water Direct Injection (GWDI) as a Key Feature for Future Gasoline Engines Christoph Heinrich, Heinrich Dörksen, Andreas Esch and Kevin Krämer Potential of Direct Water Injection to Reduce Knocking and Increase the Efficiency of Gasoline Engines Matthias Hunger, Tobias Böcking, Ulrich Walther, Michael Günther, Normann Freisinger and Günter Karl Combustion Process Suppressing Knocking by Using CleanEGR Better Fuel Economy and Lower Raw Emissions Simultaneously Michael Fischer, Michael Günther, Carsten Berger, Ralf Troeger, Michal Pasternak and Fabian Mauss