O B J E C T I V E NON-kind-Projects

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2 OBJECTIVE The Large Engines Competence Center (LEC) is an industrial competence center within the framework of the Austrian competence center program of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour. The Center conducts research and development in the field of environmental friendly stationary engines. This category of internal combustion engines includes, in particular, engines for power generation, ship propulsion and rail traction. A key goal of the LEC is the development of trend-setting internal combustion processes for this engine category to achieve maximum efficiencies and minimum emissions simultaneously. These engine concepts will, in particular, allow for the use of special fuels such as scrap tire pyrolysis oils, gases from gasification and fermentation processes, landfill gas, etc., and therefore contribute to a sustained CO 2 reduction. To achieve this objective, intensive experimental research and development are necessary. An essential requirement for this work is the provision of suitable test benches with both single-cylinder research engines and the necessary measuring systems. NON-k ind -Projects In parallel with the sponsored research program, so-called NON-k ind -Projects are also undertaken. These include research, development and transfer projects with national and international partners from the scientific and business communities. Consequently, it is possible for innovation-oriented enterprises to have their commercial issues precisely managed by the research expertise of the LEC (as a rule in cooperation with one of our partners).

3 PARTNERS LEC is part of the Austrian competence center program of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour. Start of the center: 11/01/2002 First funding period until: 11/01/ /31/2006 Budget (4 years): 9,812,800,- Second funding period: 11/01/ /31/2009 Budget (3 years): ,- The competence center program is managed by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). Funding Authorities Within the 2 nd funding period LEC is funded by the following authorities: Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour Province of Styria Province of Styria (SFG) 21 % Graz University of Technology 1 % Industrial Partners 46 % Members Members of the LEC are: Graz University of Technology (Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics) AVL List GmbH GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co OHG Steirische Gas-Wärme GmbH OMV Refining & Marketing GmbH Research Partners Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour 32 % GE Jenbacher 10,88% AVL List 10,88% Steir. Gas- Wärme 2,5% OMV 0,75% The following industrial partners are participating in the research activities of the 2 nd funding period: AVL List GmbH GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co OHG OMV Refining & Marketing GmbH Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics GmbH Robert Bosch GmbH Graz University of Technology 75% VKM-THD TU-GRAZ

4 RESEARCH PROGRAM The project activities of the LEC are divided into the following research areas: Simulation Methodology Innovative Combustion Processes Development of Lubricants for Special Use in Large Engines Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment Engine Control gas air Simulation Methodology To minimize development times and to open further optimization opportunities, the efficient simulation of internal combustion and gas exchange processes is essential. The LEC develops models to simulate mixture formation, charge motion and combustion, knocking, heat transfer and formation of exhaust emissions as close as possible to reality. This will enable the optimization of the thermodynamic working process in advance. The simulation development is done on the basis of zero, one and three dimensional methods. gas In the area of simulation methodology the research projects are: Combustion model for diesel engines air Combustion model for gas engines Knocking model for gas engines Ignition and combustion model for HCCI-operation Development of models for NO x and soot formation Quasidimensional model for heat transfer including radiation Database for model development

5 Innovative Combustion Processes The key goal of these research activities is the development of combustion processes in order to achieve maximum efficiency, minimum emissions and maximum power output. To attain this objective, intensive simulation and experimental studies on the two single cylinder research engines are carried out using the most advanced engine components. In the area of innovative combustion concepts the research projects are: Combustion Concepts for Gas Engines Optimization of the system pre-chamber and main combustion chamber Alternative pre-chamber concepts Timed scavenging of pre-chamber Optimization of combustion concepts for non natural gases Strategies for knock prevention Potential of laser ignition systems for gas engines Combustion Concepts for Diesel Engines Concepts to meet the limits of future emission regulations Investigations of the influence of nozzle hole geometry on spray characteristics Development of Lubricants for Special Use in Large Engines The goal of this research area is the development of optimized lubricants for operation with fuels which are relevant for large engines. Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment The very stringent future emission regulations for certain applications of large engines cannot be met without the application of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. The essential goal of this area is to develop and assess emission aftertreatment strategies subject to the regulations regarding the particular application and the combustion concept. Engine Control Due to the high requirements for fuel consumption, achievable performance and emissions in modern gas and diesel engines, it is particularly important to maintain the optimal operating range. Therefore this area focuses on the application of on-board pressure transducers to control the engine process.

6 EQUIPMENT The principal element of the Large Engines Competence Center are two single-cylinder research engines including the essential measurement and test bench technology. The engines were specifically designed for this application in a preliminary project. The key requirements were: Flexible Installation Size Large engines have quite different dimensions for piston stroke and cylinder bore. Therefore, the research engines must allow coverage of most common sizes. A key goal was the provision of a flexible basic engine concept that permits easy conversion into different piston stroke and cylinder bore dimensions. High IMEP Higher IMEP levels are targeted to increase power output with both, gas and diesel engines. The engine components employed had to be designed for the resulting forces. Flexible Internal Combustion Concept depot for special gases supercharger for natural gas depot for liquid fuels The different engine concepts that are used depending upon the type of fuel were considered in the basic layout of the research engines. This applies in particular to future internal combustion processes (i.e. HCCI-Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition, etc.). FM190 test bench Transferability of Results to Full-Scale Engine FM250 test bench workshop The test results of the single-cylinder research engines must be transferable to respective full-scale engines (i.e. securing comparable gas exchange procedures to fullscale engine, etc.). The research engines in the Competence Center can be operated with various gaseous and liquid fuels. Besides diesel, pure natural gas, propane and hydrogen, the use of dimethyl ether (DME) and various gas mixtures consisting of natural gas, propane, CO, CO 2, H 2, etc. is possible.

7 ORGANIZATION The competence center is presently run by a chief executive manager who is also responsible for scientific direction. Consisting of representatives of the funding authorities, members, and international experts, a scientific advisory board and a supervisory board counsel and support the management. Supervisory Board Administration & Staff Management Quality Management CEO & Head of Scientific Research Safety IT-Management Scientific Advisory Board Controlling & Project Support Four teams are engaged in the projects of the research program: Team Simulation Team FM190 Team FM250 Special Projects Team Simulation The focus of this team lies in the development of models for thermodynamic simulation of the working process of internal combustion engines. This includes the areas of mixture formation, charge motion, combustion, knocking, heat transfer and emission formation. Particular attention is paid to sufficient verification of the developed models. The verification is based on a comprehensive database including results of special measuring techniques (e.g. optical combustion diagnostics). Team FM190 This team develops internal combustion processes for gas engines. The important development tools here are a single-cylinder research engine with the most advanced engine measurement techniques and suitable simulation models on the basis of zero, one and three-dimensional calculation methods. This team focuses on natural gas and special gas fuels. Team FM250 The structure of this team and the development tools used are similar to team FM190. However, team FM250 covers internal combustion processes for operation with both, gaseous fuels and liquid fuels such as Diesel, DME, pyrolysis oils, etc. Special Projects Special Projects integrates activities in the field of lubricants with other research and development tasks.

8 TR CREATIV, Graz D Graz north Directions Wiener Straße Elisabethstraße Merangasse Kärntnerstraße Münzgrabenstraße Puntigamer Straße St. Peter Hauptstr. Graz Webling Liebenauer Hauptstraße Vienna Triester Straße Graz east Mur I SLO Contact Assoc. Prof. Dr. Andreas WIMMER, CEO & Head of Scientific Research Kompetenzzentrum für umweltfreundliche Stationärmotoren Gesellschaft m.b.h. Inffeldgasse 21a 8010 Graz, Austria Tel.: +43 (0) Fax: +43 (0) office@lec.at Web: