OME Vorstellung. Introduction, Overview. Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Internal Combustion Engines
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1 OME Vorstellung Introduction, Overview Technical University of Munich Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Internal Combustion Engines
2 Institute of Internal Combustion Engines Overview The Institute was founded in 1936 (Institute for Aircraft Engines and Engines Theory). Experimental and computational analysis of the combustion process is traditionally an essential research focus. Engine Laboratory Moosach Head Administration Research / Teaching Workshop Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Dr.-Ing. Maximilian Prager Dr.-Ing. Martin Härtl 2 team assistants 32 research assistants 2 test bed engineers 1 electrical engineer 1 post-doc 9 employees TUM Campus Garching 2
3 Teaching Lectures Combustion engines (basics) Engine thermodynamics Engine mechanics Engine application methods Injection technology Engine construction Measurement techniques Fuels for internal combustion engines Practical Courses Combustion engines (basics) Electronic engine control Hardware-in-the-Loop 3
4 Research Partners Public funding Industrial partners (examples) 4
5 Test Benches St. 1 St. 2 St. 3 St. 4 E-Zentr. St. 5 Rolle St. 6 St. 7 1 a 250 kw /min 1 b 420 kw /min 2 a 70 kw /min 2 b 220 kw /min 3 a 380 kw /min 3 b 150 kw /min 4 a 80 kw /min 4 b 80 kw /min 5a 44 kw /min 5b 44 kw /min 700 kw /min 250 kw /min DC-Motor Gas Ready 80 kw /min St. 8 Water brake Gas mixing device 5
6 Research Engines in-house development of single cylinder research engines combustion development friction measurement (floating liner) alternative fuels, combustion development (Diesel) lean combustion, dual fuel,... (Gas) piston ring movement, oil transport phenomena + several multicylinder engines 0.5 l (LD) 1.8 l (HD) 4.8 l (Gas) 6
7 Workshop mechanical workshops (turning, CNC- milling, welding, ) electronic laboratory (calibration, adjusting, ) electro-technics laboratory (measures, signal systems, ) adhesives - and chemical- laboratory (hot and cold adhesives, etching, ) 7
8 Simulation Portfolio in-house code STAR CD construction temperature stress/strain CFX 8
9 ungenutzte Energie Strahlung und Konvektion Wärmestrom Ladeluftkühler Research Activities Wärmestrom Kühlmittelküh Abgasenthalpiestrom 9
10 OME-Research Group at TUM Head of Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Senior Engineer Dr.-Ing. Martin Härtl Research Assistants: Kai Gaukel, M.Sc. Simulation Patrick Dworschak, M.Sc. Simulation / Engine Testing Dominik Pélerin, M.Sc. Engine Testing 10
11 Overview properties Oxymethylene Ether Monomolecular fuel Components: CH 3 Oxygen Oxymethylene group Higher OME n>1 : CH 3 -O-(CH 2 -O) n -CH 3 Diesel OME No C-C-bondings High oxygen content Properties of OME n DME OME 0 OME 1 OME 2 OME 3 OME 4 OME 5 OME 6 Boiling point, cetan number, oxygen content Calorific value 11
12 TUM Research projects Dimethyl Ether (DME) Studie (FVV 2009) MTZ 2010, 08, S Project EREKA (BFS ) Emissionsreduktion durch erneuerbare Kraftstoffanteile OME1 Experimental testings (2014, 2015) MTZ 2014, 07, p ; Fuel: 2015, 153; p ) Project xme (BMWi, ) -> n = 0, 1 Combustion process development for OME1 and DME (Dimethyl Ether) Project OME (FNR, ) -> n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Combustion process development for higher OMEn (n>1) 12
13 OME Activities OME storage at ASGmbh, Neusäß 16 t of OME from China 4 August 2016, visit of LVK Härtl, Maus, Wachtmeister, Schlögl, Jacob OME Projects in Germany 25 July 2016, LVK Engine Lab 13
14 Research Engine Single-cylinder research engine (based on the heavy-duty 6 cylinder Diesel MAN D2066) Engine specifications: Injection pressure: 3000 bar EGR rate: 50 % Cylinder pressure: 300 bar Displacement: 1,75 l Bore: 120 mm Stroke/bore ratio: 1,3 External boost pressure: 8 bar Compression ratio: 16,8 Mass balancing I. & II. order (Lanchester) 14
15 Common Rail System Original Engine Test Setup HD one cylinder research engine Diesel Switch FP OME1a FTIR (CH 4, CH 2 O) MEXA (CO, CO 2, THC, NO x, EGR, λ) HP Rail Injector Particle Counter & AVL Microsoot Switch Air Supply (T, p) Throttle 1753 ccm ε = 17 Engine Throttle Exhaust DOC EGR-Cooler 15
16 Fuel properties Comparison of Paraffinic Diesel Fuel (PDF) / OME1 / OME2 / OME3-6 (mixture) 16
17 Engine tests: medium speed & load Tested fuels: OME1 OME2 OME3-6 (mixture) PDF (reference fuel) Operating conditions: Indicated mean eff. pressure: imep = 13 bar Engine speed: n = 1200 min -1 Rail pressure: p rail = 1800 bar Boost pressure: p boost = 1.94 bar Injection strategy: Pre-injection (5 CA before MI, 0.35 ms) & main injection Center of combustion: 8 CA after FTDC EGR-sweep: Step-by-step increase NO x 17
18 Heat release rate [1/ CA] Combustion (no EGR) 0,09 0,07 0,05 HVO PDF OME1 OME2 OME3-6 0,03 0,01-0,01 Injector energizing -0, Crank angle [ CA] 18
19 ind. spec. Soot [mg/kwh] Soot emissions % AGR EGR Hohe High EGR AGR-Toleranz tolerance 0% AGR EGR PDF 20 OME1 10 OME2 OME ,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 Air-fuel equivalence ratio λ [-] 19
20 ind. spec. NOx [g/kwh] NO x emissions 100 High EGR tolerance 25% EGR 0% EGR 10 1 HVO PDF OME1 OME2 OME3-6 0,1 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 Air-fuel equivalence ratio λ [-] 20
21 ind. spec. soot [mg/kwh] ind. spec. PN [#/kwh] Soot - NO x trade-off 70 PDF 3,0E+14 PDF 60 OME1 OME2 2,5E+14 OME1 OME2 50 OME3-6 2,0E+14 OME ,5E ,0E ,0E , ind. spec. NOx [g/kwh] 0,0E+00 0, ind. spec. NOx [g/kwh] 21
22 ind. spec. CO [g/kwh] ind. spec. CH2O [ppm] CO- and formaldehyde (CH 2 O) emissions 90 PDF pre DOC 60 Methyl OME1 pre DOC OME2 pre DOC OME3-6 pre DOC PDF post DOC 45 n 45 OME1 post DOC OME2 post DOC OME3-6 post DOC 30 Formaldehyde ,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 Air-fuel equivalence ratio λ [-] 0 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 Air-fuel equivalence ratio λ [-] 22
23 ind. spec. VOC [g/kwh] Emissions [ppm] VOC THC and Emissions methane emissions 1 PDF pre DOC OME1 pre DOC OME2 pre DOC OME3-6 pre DOC PDF post DOC OME1 post DOC OME2 post DOC OME3-6 post DOC OME2 OME1 HCHO CH ,1 Emissions post DOC: CH ,01 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 Air-fuel equivalence ratio λ [-] 0 pre DOC post DOC 23
24 ind. spec. VOC [g/kwh] ind. spez. CH4 [g/kwh] VOC THC and Emissions methane emissions Strategy for exhaust gas aftertreatment 1 0,1 PDF pre DOC OME1 pre DOC OME2 pre DOC OME3-6 pre DOC PDF post DOC OME1 post DOC OME2 post DOC OME3-6 post DOC 1,8 0,9 λ >1,1: DOC/SCR (reduced size) λ = 1: three-way cath. reduction. 1,0 < λ <1,1 AVOID 0,01 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 Air-fuel equivalence ratio λ [-] 0 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 Air-fuel equivalence ratio λ [-] 24
25 Imep [bar] Engine map investigation Tested fuels: OME1b (additives for CN and lubricity) Paraffinic Diesel Fuel (PDF) as reference Operating conditions: Injection pressure: p Rail = 1800 bar Injection strategy: pre-injection (5 CA before MI, 0.35 ms) & main injection Center of combustion: 8 CA after FTDC Boost pressure: variable λ = 1.65 for every operating point (without EGR) EGR increased by adjusting boost pressure NO EGR λ=1.65 Full full load (BMEP) (p me ) With EGR λ=1.40 λ= Engine speed [1/min] ESC (BMEP) (p me ) WHSC (BMEP) (p me ) LVK (IMEP) (imep) λ=1.25 λ=1.10 λ=1.00 λ=0.98 EGR 25
26 Imep [bar] Imep [bar] Engine map investigation OME1b with EGR λ = 1,40 20 PDF with EGR λ = 1, OME1b with EGR λ = 1,25 PDF with EGR λ = 1,25 20 Imep [bar] Imep [bar] PDF soot emission increase significantly λ = 1,40: soot > 10 mg/kwhi (EURO VI) only at low loads and high speed. λ = 1,25: soot < 10 mg/kwhi only at high loads and low speed AGR-Ventil = 100% offen λ > 1,25 EGR valve = 100% open λ > 1, Engine speed [1/min] Engine speed [1/min] ind. spec. soot [mg/kwhi] Ruß-Emission zu hoch (Vermeidung von Beschädignungen an Messgeräten) OME1b Low soot emissions within the entire engine map, independent of speed, load and EGR rate
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